Absolute decoupling of growth

, 17

Alberta Energy Regulator

, 54

Alberta Tar Sands

, 54

Alison, L.

, 68–70, 73, 74

Animal agency

, 113

Animal–sport complex

, 104, 111, 117

animal presence

, 105

combatants

, 106

disembodiment

, 106

economic activities

, 105

mascots

, 107

passive receptors

, 107

transport

, 106

victimization and abuse

, 106

Animal turn

, 104, 108–110

Anthropocentricism

, 87, 97, 104, 113

Apolitical ecology

, 17–18, 125–126

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

, 68, 70

Big data

, 212

British Petroleum (BP)

, 52

Brundtland Commission

, 32

Canadian Federal Budget

, 48

Canadian settler colonialism

, 79

Carbon footprint

, 170

Carbon-producing activities

, 32

Cenovus

, 56, 57

Certainty principle

, 141

Circular Economy model

, 172

Climate change

, 2, 30, 38, 70, 72, 74

environmental degradation

, 88

inequity

, 79–80

sport ecology

, 201

Climate Nexus

, 7–8

Collaborative research process

climate change

, 212

informational introductions

, 211

methods and materials

, 210

model parsimony and option menu

, 211

strong with partner

, 211–212

Colonial-capitalist displacement

, 89

Community Project Committee (CPC)

, 92

Companion species perspectives

animal agency

, 113

animal-participant orientation activities

, 115

anthropocentrism

, 113

commonsense concepts

, 113–114

environmental destruction and preservation

, 115

environmental impact

, 114–115

extended self

, 112

horse transportation

, 115

human–animal engagements

, 111

moral individualism and identification

, 111

multispecies approach

, 114

sensitizing concepts

, 114

sociological process

, 112

Corporate Social Responsibility

, 31, 52–53

Corporate sponsorships

, 51, 52

Cultural knowledge

, 58, 165

Date of Ecological Maturity

, 133

Decolonizing approach

, 163

Deep Blue Survey

, 160, 161

Deep ecology

, 16

De-politicization process

, 39

Detroit

, 128–129

stadiums

, 129–132

Detroit-Wayne County Stadium Authority

, 129

ECOBOARD project

, 166–167

Ecocentrism

, 16

Ecological modernization (EM)

, 31, 33, 39, 53, 149

carbon neutrality

, 14

collaboration

, 13

greenwashing

, 14

Indigenous knowledge systems

, 15

ingenuity gap

, 36

National Hockey League (NHL)

, 37

object-oriented perspectives

, 15

Olympic Games

, 37

policy

, 138, 149

political ecological factors

, 38

reflection

, 15–16

Right To Play (RTP)

, 60–62

sport management environmentalist

, 35–36

stakeholders

, 13

strong EM

, 12, 36

The Surf Experience (TSE)

, 170–171

surf industry

, 163–164

taken-for-granted approach

, 13

weak EM

, 12, 36

Ecologism

, 16

Eco Supply Chain Management (ESCM) system

, 145

EJ. See Environmental journalism (EJ)

Enduring Ice expedition

, 74

Energy Efficiency Certification

, 145

Enlightenment legacy

, 97, 98

Environmental change

Climate Nexus

, 7–8

global warming

, 8, 9

Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games

, 7

sport-related events and practices

, 6

Environmental communication

, 185, 189

Environmental degradation

, 80, 88, 89, 95, 97

Environmentalism

, 31–33

Environmental journalism (EJ)

, 181, 185, 193–194

Environmental Protection Agency

, 200

Environmental Protection Fund

, 142

Environmental Sports Journalism (ESJ)

best practice principles

, 186–187

context segments

, 193

contextual information

, 191

environmental justice

, 191

green Olympics

, 192

media

, 183–185

mega-event-related environmental issues

, 192

Mount Gariwang: An Olympic Casualty. See Mount Gariwang: An Olympic Casualty documentary film

Olympic-related problems

, 190

pro-Olympics

, 191

sport-related environmental issues

, 181

Sports Media Activism (SMA)

, 181

sustainability model

, 192

Environmental sustainability

, 31

Indigenous communities, Canada

, 52–53

policy. See Sustainability policy

Right To Play (RTP)

, 58–59

Sport for Development and Peace (SDP)

, 49–51

Environment cost, Detroit

, 131

Environment preservation

, 31

Extractives industry

, 49, 52, 53–54, 61

Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)

, 31

Feminism

, 125

FIBT. See International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation (FIBT)

FIL. See International Luge Federation (FIL)

Firewire

, 167

Fisher River Cree Nation (FRCN)

, 86, 88, 95–96, 98

Community Project Committee (CPC)

, 92

Elder sharing circles

, 93

environmental change

, 91, 92

Indigenous Land Education curriculum

, 91

place-based relationship

, 92

Fort McKay First Nation (FMFN)

, 54

Global warming

, 30

Goldcorp

, 56, 58

Golf industry

, 10, 13

real utopia

, 19–21

Green Building Certification (GBC)

, 145

Green consumerism

, 164

Green frame

, 141

Green Games

, 142

Green materialism

, 125

Green Olympics

, 192

Greenpeace

, 150

Green Sports Alliance, 200

, 202, 207–205

Green sports stadiums

, 202

Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED)

, 145, 148

Greenwashing

, 14, 162, 192

Heuer, K.

, 68–70, 72–76

Human–canine relationships

, 109

Human–equine relationships

, 109

Human exceptionalism

, 104

Human exemptionalism

, 104

Indicator practices

, 6

Indigenous communities, Canada

Canadian Federal Budget

, 48

colonialism

, 53

corporate funders

, 60

corporate social sustainability

, 52–53

environmental sustainability

, 52–53

extractives industry

, 49, 54

nonprofit organizations

, 59–60

racism

, 53

Right To Play (RTP)

, 48, 49, 55–59

Indigenous futurities

, 87

Indigenous justice

, 86

Indigenous knowledge

, 15, 86–87

ecological justice

, 88

land

, 88–91

social justice

, 88

Indigenous Land Education curriculum

, 91

Indigenous peoples

, 87–90, 93, 97, 98

Intergenerational inequity

, 4

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

, 2, 30

Internalised democracy

, 113

International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation (FIBT)

, 143–144, 147

International development

, 31–33, 37

International Luge Federation (FIL)

, 143–144, 147

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

, 31, 34, 138, 146, 202

Interspecies inequity

, 4

Interspecies sport

, 104, 109–112, 115–117

Intra-generational inequity

, 4

Korean Olympic legacy

, 148

Land-based physical cultural practices

, 89–90, 94–97

Little Caesars Arena, Detroit

, 132

Local Olympic Organizing Committees (LOOCs)

, 139, 142

London Organizing Committee of the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games’ (LOCOG)

, 51–52

Marginalized communities

, 187–188

Market-based society

, 127

Market frame

, 141

Marxism

, 125

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

, 49

Modernization theory

, 33

Mount Gariwang: An Olympic Casualty documentary film

, 180–182

environmental communication

, 189

environmental protection

, 190

Environmental Sports Journalism (ESJ) principles

, 186–187

locals/marginalized communities

, 187–188

nonhuman entities

, 188–190

Multispecies sport

, 105, 108, 111–112, 117

Nagano Olympic Organizing Committee (NAOC)

, 142–143, 150

Nagano Winter Olympics Bidding Committee (NWOBC)

, 141, 142

Nagano Winter Olympics (NNWO)

, 141–142, 144

National Hockey League (NHL)

, 37

Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)

, 207

Nature Conservation Research Institute (NCRI)

, 142

Nature Conservation Study Council (NCSC)

, 142

New climatic regime

, 38–40

Nongovernment organizations (NGOs)

, 55, 59–61, 150

ocean health

, 158

sustainability policy

, 139

O₂ Plus Green Olympics

, 145

Obama Administration

, 200, 207

Olympic Games. See also Nagano Winter Olympics (NNWO); PyeongChang Games

, 37, 148–150

Participatory documentary process (PDP)

, 194

Partnerships

disadvantages

, 209–210

utility

, 208

Patagonia

, 164, 167

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

, 70

Policy decision-making

, 149

Policy mobility approach

, 139, 140

Policy transfer approach

, 140, 148

Political activism

, 78

Political ecology

, 17–18, 125, 132

actors and process

, 126

agrarian contexts

, 126, 132

costs and benefits

, 126

dimensions

, 125

postcolonial

, 62

urban policy

, 127–128

Political economy

, 41–42

Post-politics

, 38–40

Post structuralism

, 125

Precautionary principle

, 141

Promoting Life skills in Aboriginal Youth (PLAY) program

, 48, 49, 62

defined

, 56

environmental sustainability

, 55

extractives companies

, 57–58

funding

, 56–57

truth and reconciliation

, 56

Protect Our Winters (POW)

, 207

Public sociology

, 193, 194

PyeongChang Games

, 7, 139, 145–148

PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (POCOG)

, 145, 147, 149

PyeongChang Winter Olympics Bidding Committee (PWOBC)

, 145

Racism

, 53

Recreational activism

, 69, 70, 79

Recreational surfers

, 165, 169

Relative decoupling of growth

, 17

Re-politicization process

, 39

Restorative process

, 87, 89

(Re)storying place, Elders stories

, 94–97

Right To Play (RTP)

, 48, 49

environmental sustainability

, 58–59

nongovernmental organization (NGO)

, 55, 60–61

Promoting Life skills in Aboriginal Youth (PLAY) program

, 55–58

SAS. See Surfers Against Sewage (SAS)

Science–policy relations

, 140, 141

SDGs. See Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDP. See Sport for Development and Peace (SDP)

Settler colonialism

, 70–73, 79, 80, 97

Settler futurities

, 87

Sledding tracks

, 9, 151

Alpensia Sliding Center

, 145-147

ammonia coolant system

, 143

brine freezing system

, 143

construction

, 142–144

Environmental Protection Fund

, 142

Green Games

, 142

greening

, 139

indirect icing method

, 143

Nagano Olympic Organizing Committee (NAOC)

, 142–145

Nagano Winter Olympics Bidding Committee (NWOBC)

, 141, 142

Nature Conservation Research Institute (NCRI)

, 142

Nature Conservation Study Council (NCSC)

, 142

PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (POCOG)

, 145, 147

PyeongChang Winter Olympics Bidding Committee (PWOBC)

, 145

Winter Olympic events

, 139

Social change

, 108

Social–environmental justice

, 86

Social justice

, 88

Social order

, 108

Sociological approach

, 3–4, 16

ecological modernization (EM)

, 12–16

sustainability approach

, 11–12

Sport analytics programs

, 213

Sport ecology

academics among practitioners

, 207–208

anthropocentric perspective

, 200

climate change

, 201

collaborative research process

, 210–212

ecocentric perspective

, 200

environmental awareness

, 201

Environmental Protection Agency

, 200

environmental sustainability

, 200

Green Sports Alliance

, 200, 202, 207–208

green sports stadiums

, 200

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

, 202

legitimization

, 204–206

nongovernmental agencies

, 200

Obama Administration

, 206

partnerships

, 208

pro-environmental behavior

, 202

social change

, 201

sport management academy

, 201

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

, 202–204

waste management programs

, 208

Sport, Environment, and Sustainable Development (SESD)

, 145

Sport for Development and Peace (SDP)

, 31

British Petroleum (BP)

, 52

corporate sponsorships

, 51, 52

development discourses

, 37

environmental sustainability

, 49–51

Indigenous communities, Canada. See Indigenous communities, Canada

London Organizing Committee of the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games’ (LOCOG)

, 51–52

policies

, 48–49

political ecology

, 38

programs and scholarship

, 41

stakeholders

, 38, 52

Sport management environmentalist

, 35–36

Sports Environment Alliance

, 10

Sports for Climate Action Framework

, 212

Sports Media Activism (SMA)

, 181

Sport’s negative impacts

, 10–11

Sport’s positive impacts

, 10–11

Stadium development

Detroit

, 129–132

greening

, 124

political implications

, 125

proenvironment business decisions

, 124

social and biophysical factors

, 125

Suncor Energy Foundation

, 56, 57

Surfboards

consumer’s behaviors change

, 168

defined

, 164

environmental regulation

, 165

eschewed regulation

, 165

innovation

, 166–167

multinationals market

, 165

Surfers

Deep Blue Survey

, 160

environmental stewards

, 159–161

ethical consumption practices

, 161

identities

, 158

mobilities

, 161–162

political decision-making

, 160

pro-environmental behaviors

, 159

surfboards. See Surfboards

Surfdome experience

, 158

surf industry

, 163–164

surf-travel companies

, 158

Sustainable Surf Tourism (SST)

, 162–163

wave pools. See Wave pools

World Surf League (WSL)

, 158

Surfers Against Sewage (SAS)

, 158, 160

Surf industry

, 163–164

Surfrider Foundation

, 207

Sustainability attractors

, 138, 139

Sustainability policy

ecological modernization

, 138

(im)mobility

, 147–150

International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) guidelines

, 138

Local Olympic Organizing Committees (LOOCs)

, 139

Montreal Protocol

, 139

Nagano Games

, 139, 140

nongovernment organizations (NGOs)

, 139

policy circulation

, 140–141

policy-making

, 140–141

policy mobility approach

, 139

PyeongChang Games

, 139, 140

sustainability attractors

, 138, 139

Sustainable development

, 30, 32, 41

carbon footprint

, 35

Olympic Games

, 34

policies

, 31, 33

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 30, 31, 33, 50

cost-efficient contributions

, 51

UN Declaration for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

, 61

Sustainable Stoke

, 162

Sustainable Surf Tourism (SST)

, 162–163

The Surf Experience (TSE)

, 170–171

Transfrontier inequity

, 4

Transitional practices

, 5–6

UN Declaration for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

, 61

UN Inter-agency Task Force

, 49

United Nations Sports for Climate Action Framework

, 86, 203

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

, 202–204

Vancouver Olympic and Paralympic Games

, 9

Waste management programs

, 208

Wave pools

carbon footprint

, 170

circular economy

, 172–173

Olympic events

, 169

quality

, 168

recreational surfers

, 169

The Surf Experience (TSE)

, 170–171

Wilderness

, 71, 72

Winter Olympic Games. See also Nagano Winter Olympics (NNWO); PyeongChang Games

, 141

Witness tours

, 68, 73

suffering, North

, 74–79

World Commission on the Environment and Development (WCED)

, 32

World Conservation Strategy

, 32

World Surfing Reserves (WSR) program

, 162

World Surf League (WSL)

, 158

World Wildlife Fund

, 60, 144