TY - CHAP AB - Mumford, Friedrich, Hunter, and Caughron (2009) propose a multilevel theory of leadership intended to allow for the emergence and performance of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders. In their commentaries, Hunt and Davis (2009) and Simonton (2009) provide additional support for this model. Their observations also broach questions about how charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leadership styles should be measured, and how hypotheses should be developed with regard to multilevel influence on leader emergence and performance. This commentary discusses the implications of these observations for future research on styles of outstanding leadership. VL - 8 SN - 978-1-84855-503-7, 978-1-84855-502-0/1475-9144 DO - 10.1108/S1475-9144(2009)0000008007 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/S1475-9144(2009)0000008007 AU - Mumford Michael D. AU - Caughron Jay J. AU - Friedrich Tamara L. ED - Francis J. Yammarino ED - Fred Dansereau PY - 2009 Y1 - 2009/01/01 TI - Charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leadership: where we are, and where do we need to go? T2 - Multi-Level Issues in Organizational Behavior and Leadership T3 - Research in Multi-Level Issues PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited SP - 135 EP - 143 Y2 - 2024/05/07 ER -