TY - CHAP AB - Theories of outstanding, historically notable, leadership have traditionally emphasized charisma. Recent research, however, suggests that charisma may represent only one pathway to outstanding leadership. Outstanding leadership may also emerge from ideological and pragmatic leadership. In this article, we examine the conditions influencing the emergence and performance of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders. It is argued that different conditions operating at the environmental, organizational, group, and individual levels influence the emergence and performance of each of these three types of leaders. Implications for understanding the origins and impact of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders are discussed. VL - 8 SN - 978-1-84855-503-7, 978-1-84855-502-0/1475-9144 DO - 10.1108/S1475-9144(2009)0000008004 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/S1475-9144(2009)0000008004 AU - Mumford Michael D. AU - Hunter Samuel T. AU - Friedrich Tamara L. AU - Caughron Jay J. ED - Francis J. Yammarino ED - Fred Dansereau PY - 2009 Y1 - 2009/01/01 TI - Charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leadership: An examination of multi-level influences on emergence and performance T2 - Multi-Level Issues in Organizational Behavior and Leadership T3 - Research in Multi-Level Issues PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited SP - 79 EP - 116 Y2 - 2024/03/29 ER -