TY - CHAP AB - Abstract The International Criminal Court has institutionalized the concept of individual responsibility for human rights violations. The jurisprudence of international criminal law has developed along with the institution. Affirmative defenses in the mitigation of punishment or avoidance of responsibility are becoming increasingly important in international criminal procedure. We contend that diminished culpability based on advances in neuroscience provides the most challenging set of choices for the international legal community. Of the variety of affirmative defenses, emerging neuroscience-based defense provide the most challenging set of choices for the international legal community. The Esad Landzo case at the ICTY brings these challenges into focus. We discuss the difficult choices the International Criminal Court will have to make to balance the rights and needs of the victims and the due process rights of the accused. VL - 66 SN - 978-1-78441-568-6, 978-1-78441-567-9/1059-4337 DO - 10.1108/S1059-433720150000066004 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/S1059-433720150000066004 AU - Shniderman Adam B. AU - Smith Charles A. PY - 2015 Y1 - 2015/01/01 TI - Toward Justice: Neuroscience and Affirmative Defenses at the ICC T2 - Studies in Law, Politics, and Society T3 - Studies in Law, Politics, and Society PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited SP - 87 EP - 113 Y2 - 2024/05/05 ER -