Index
Geography, Location, and Strategy
ISBN: 978-1-78714-277-0, eISBN: 978-1-78714-276-3
ISSN: 0742-3322
Publication date: 19 April 2017
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2017), "Index", Geography, Location, and Strategy (Advances in Strategic Management, Vol. 36), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 463-469. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-332220170000036023
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Absorptive capacities
, 431
Affiliates
, 139, 432
Americas Invent Act (AIA)
, 199
Android
, 203
Anti-Monopoly laws
, 211
Apple
, 167, 204, 220
Arbitrage
, 232, 416
Backdating. See Stock backdating
Barco
, 223–224
Bayh–Dole Act
, 129
Bertrand-Nash equilibrium
, 66
Big pharma list
, 357
Board interlocks
, 310, 312, 315–317, 322–323, 325, 326, 327, 332–336
Bureaucratic quality
, 253
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
, 11, 18–20, 354, 368
Bureau Van Dijk (BvD)
, 91–92
Business groups (BGs)
, 88, 90, 95
defined
, 88
Buyer Total Orders
, 240, 253
CAGR
, 169, 176
CDs and DVDs, sales of
, 222
China IP litigation Analysis (CIELA)
, 198
Cobb–Douglas production function
, 103
Collaborations
, 5, 218, 375
cross-regional
, 345–346, 349
in large firms
, 345
Competition–innovation relationship
, 388, 408
Complementarities
, 172, 432, 442–443, 449–454
Complexity as IP protection
, 221
Configuration-coordination framework
, 10, 12, 13–14, 17, 28
Consumer preferences
, 1, 52–53, 54, 56, 58, 62, 72, 82, 83
Consumer preferences and multiproduct firms
, 49
discussion
, 82–83
higher trading costs, profits under
, 63
laundry detergent industry application
, 57
simulations, theoretical motivation for
, 54–57
Consumer product markets
, 54
Contracting institutions
, 231, 232, 233, 247, 251–252, 258, 264
Controversial practices
, 4, 310, 311, 318, 334
Corporate elites
, 326
Corporate misconduct
, 310, 327
Corporate practices
, 312–314
Corruption
, 253
Crime rate
, 326
Cross-regional collaboration
, 345–346, 355
and localized knowledge spillover
, 345, 347
and quality of local innovation
, 350–351
Danfoss
, 225
Density
, 273, 274, 279, 280, 289, 294, 298
Developing countries
, 23, 32, 35, 42, 207, 430, 437, 439–442, 446, 449, 452, 453
Differentiated products
, 36, 54, 62
Diffusion of invisible practices
, 314
Directory of Corporate Affiliations of LexisNexis (DCA)
, 353
Dispersion-coordination framework
, 14
Domestic groups
and foreign acquisition
, 110–113
multinational groups versus
, 98
characteristics
, 99–103
nonmultinational group, multinational group
versus
subsidiary sales performance in
, 103–109
Economic growth and FDI
, 430, 431, 449
Employee mobility
, 268
European Pyramid Ownership Structures
, 91, 92
European Union (EU)
, 454
Export orientation
, 414
Factor markets
, 435–436, 440–443, 450–451
Field experiment
, 271, 274
Firm organization and knowledge internalization
, 349–350
Firm performance
, 89, 352, 392
Foreign acquisition
, 110–120
Foreign direct investment (FDI)
, 416, 430
spillovers
, 440, 444
GDP
, 166, 200, 396, 441, 453
General Electric Medical Systems (GEMS)
, 220
Geographical proximity
, 289, 293, 296, 310, 318, 325, 332, 334
Geographic concentration
, 4, 269, 298
and social norms
, 271–274
Geographic dispersion/global sourcing
, 23–24
Geography of collaboration
and knowledge spillover
, 353–356
Ghemawat’s AAA framework
, 10, 14, 17, 234
Globalization
, 40, 164, 183, 414, 449
Global outsourcing
, 230
Golden parachute
, 310–311, 316–318, 334
Google
, 203
Gourmet cuisine industry
, 269, 274
Granger Causality Test
, 419, 421
Growth
, 167, 168, 326, 429, 453
and FDI
, 430, 431, 449
Hague System
, 183
Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) data
, 236
Hausman test
, 287, 289, 290
Henkel
, 57, 58, 59, 68, 77
Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI)
, 23, 98, 123, 406
of geographic concentration
, 354
Heritage Foundation
, 240, 253
Hierarchical control and coordination systems
, 16
Higher trading costs, profits under
, 63
country-level simulations
, 68
Germany
, 75–80
Italy
, 68–75
United Kingdom
, 79
High-wage countries (HWCs)
, 388
import competition from
, 396–398
import penetration from
, 396
Home Region Outsourcer/Exporter group
, 42–43
Host country experience
, 127, 139
Huber–White sandwich estimator
, 288
Human capital
, 450, 455
Import competition
, 396–397
versus export orientation
, 414
and firms’ R&D expenditures
, 399
and innovation output
, 400–408
leader versus laggard
, 406–407
versus learning opportunities
, 410–414
and patent citations
, 418, 420
and technological competition
, 409–410
Industrialized countries
, 449
Industry life cycles
, 408, 409
Information transfer
, 268, 271, 298
Innovation
import competition and
controlling for export orientation
, 415
controlling for international R&D alliances
, 415
excluding intrafirm imports
, 417
quality of local innovations
, 359
cross-regional collaborations and
, 350
Innovation input
, 395–396, 399–400
Innovation output and import competition
, 399–408
Innovation to imports
, 416–419
Innovative ideas
, 347
Institutional IP tools
, 164, 165–181
Integration responsiveness (IR) framework
, 10, 12–15, 17
Intellectual Property (IP), capturing value from
, 163, 172, 177–178
appropriation strategy
, 164–165, 214
challenges with
, 181–213
complex value chains across countries
, 202–203
depending heavily on country institutions
, 183–190
enforcement of trademarks and industrial designs
, 203–209
government policy in IP affecting the competitive advantage of firms
, 210–213
IP protection
, 190–195
patent and trademark offices (PTOs)
, 195–203
technology helping to find infringers
, 210
conceptual framework
, 214
market mechanisms
, 214–224
nonmarket mechanisms
, 224–225
counterfeit
, 207, 224–225
grants
, 176, 177–178
implications for management practice
, 225–227
industrial design applications
, 187
litigation
, 188, 197–202
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
, 188, 188–189
using institutional tools
, 165–181
Intellectual property rights
, 127, 197, 225, 298, 347, 378, 419
Intellectual ventures
, 224
Intercounty board interlock networks
, 322–323
Inter-industry spillovers
, 445
International configurations of US MNCs
, 9, 18–19
cluster results
, 26–36
geographic dispersion/global sourcing
, 23–24
global integration across value chain activities
, 22
local responsiveness in value chain activities
, 22–23
relevance of extant frameworks to US MNCs
, 37–39
underexplored configuration characteristics
, 39–44
International Country Risk Guide
, 239
International Mobile Station Equipment (IMEI) number
, 210
Inter-organizational network
, 16
Intrafirm trade and global sourcing
, 415–416
Invisible practices
, 311
diffusion of
, 314–319
unique features
, 312–314
Japanese multinational firms’ R&D activities
, 127, 152
Knowledge flows
, 4, 344, 345, 350
within firms
, 348, 355
Knowledge internalization
firm organization and
, 349–350
Knowledge spillover
, 344, 346, 379, 436, 437
across firms
, 348, 355
geography of collaboration and
, 353–356
horizontal spillovers
, 438, 447
vertical spillovers
, 454
Knowledge transfer
, 268
social norms and
, 269–271
Knowledge transfer likelihood
, 278, 290–292
Laundry detergent industry application
, 57
data
, 59–60
industry overview
, 57–59
modeling consumer demand for laundry detergents
, 60–63
Learning opportunities versus import competition
, 410–414
Li & Fung
, 234
Linkages
, 16, 437–438, 444–447, 452
Litigation
, 188, 197–202, 219
Local citations
, 357
Local knowledge spillover
, 363
Local patents, value of
, 364
Low-wage countries (LWCs)
, 388, 389, 391, 414, 422, 427
import competition from
, 396–398
import penetration from
, 396
Macro level complementarities
, 449
Madrid system
, 183
Market mechanisms
, 214–224
collaboration
, 218–219
combining different IP Tools
, 220
litigation
, 219
market power, exercising
, 215–218
sale and licensing
, 218
weak IP regimes
, 220–224
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A)
, 449
Michelin Guide
, 275
Misconduct
, 310, 311, 312, 334
Monopoly power
, 435
Motorola
, 203
Multi-location firms
, 358
Multinational (MNC) suppliers, sourcing from. See Sourcing from multinational suppliers
Multinational business groups
, 87
becoming a multinational group
, 110, 110–113
data
, 91–98
first foreign acquisition
, 113–120
versus domestic group
characteristics
, 99–103
subsidiary sales performance
, 103–109
Multinational corporations (MNCs)
, 4, 50, 89–90, 225, 347, 430, 439, 450
extant frameworks and value chain integration, responsiveness, and dispersion
, 17–18
organizational structure of
, 15–16
strategic choices of
, 12–15
See also International configurations of US MNCs
Multiple regional configurations
, 42–43
Multiproduct firms
, 56, 62
National Indigenous Innovation Regulations (NIIP)
, 211
NEC
, 204
Nokia
, 202, 222
Noncompete clauses
, 221
Nonmarket mechanisms
, 224–225
Non-Practicing Entity (NPE)
, 199
Offshore outsourcing
, 40–42
OLI framework
, 434
Ownership advantage
, 434
Own-price elasticities
, 55, 70
Parent firm basic research
, 139
Parent firm size
, 139
Patents
, 392
citations
, 299, 356, 357, 401–403
grants
, 178–179, 182
litigations
, 197–199, 200
patent and trademark offices (PTOs)
, 176, 192, 193–194, 195–197
Patent Convention Treaty (PCT) application system
, 183
registrations
, 180
short patent application
, 192
Payment Delays
, 253
Pharmaceutical companies
top 50, in, 2004
, 384–385
Pharmaceutical industry
, 351–353
R&D in
, 344
Physical proximity
, 271
Policy complementarities
, 443
Porter’s configuration-coordination framework
, 17
Portfolio investment
, 433
Procter and Gamble (P&G)
, 57–58, 63, 68, 81
Product-diversified firms, limited geographic scope of
, 43–44
Property rights
, 240, 243, 244, 268
Proximity
, 271, 272, 312, 335
Proximity-concentration hypothesis
, 50
Quality Brands Protection Committee
, 225
R&D activities in host countries
, 125, 150–154, 392
background and theory
, 128–131
data
, 131–135, 140–141
empirical model and dependent variables
, 135–136
empirical results
, 142, 147–180
pharmaceutical network
, 344
R&D expenditures
, 22, 152–153, 395
R&D intensity
, 32
R&D subsidiaries
, 3
university research, strength of
, 126–127, 129–130, 136–137
Random-effects models
, 287
Reallocation
, 436–437, 443–444, 451–452
Regional Low-Cost Seeking configuration
, 42–43
Research-intensive firms
, 352
Roche
, 344
Scenario-based experiment
, 274, 276, 299
Secrecy
, 215, 221, 313
Secret society
, 313
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
, 311
Securities Data Company (SDC)
, 412
Sobel test
, 290
Social capital
, 273
Social networks
, 268
Social norms
, 269, 277, 289, 298, 299
geographic concentration and
, 271–274
and knowledge transfer
, 269–271
Sourcing from multinational suppliers
, 229
arbitraging advantage
, 233
capabilities
, 230, 231, 233, 234, 248–250, 254, 259–261
contracting institutions
, 231, 232, 233
contract viability
, 239, 243, 244, 247, 251, 252, 254, 256–259, 260
correlations between institutional indices and GDP
, 255
hypotheses
, 232–235
Spatial diffusion of stock backdating
, 309
Spatial proximity
, 317
Speed and lead time
, 222
Spillovers
, 5, 431
knowledge spillover. See Knowledge spillover
technology spillovers
, 444
Spinoff companies
, 268
Standing Committee on the Law of Patents (SCP)
, 195
Stock backdating
, 311, 319–320
spatial diffusion of
, 312
in U.S. countries
, 330–331
Stopford and Wells’ study
, 10, 15, 16, 18, 43
Subsidiary sales performance in multinational versus nonmultinational groups
, 103–109
Substantive Patent Law Treaty (SPLT)
, 195
Technological competition and import competition
, 409–410
Technology clusters
, 346, 366
Technology spillovers
, 444
Trademarks
, 165, 166, 170, 203–209
Transnational corporation (TNC)
, 432
Transport costs, level of
, 52, 67
t-tests
, 245–246
Unilever
, 57, 58, 63, 68, 71
University–industry collaboration
, 144, 150
University strength and industry–university collaboration
, 151
US Harmonized HTS codes
, 240
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
, 179, 352, 390, 410
U.S. registrations
, 180
Value chain activities
, 14–15, 17, 37, 45
global integration across
, 22
local responsiveness in
, 22–23
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
, 210
Wald test
, 144
Web of Science (WoS) publication
, 137
World Development Indicators
, 258
World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO)
, 164
- Prelims
- Geography, Location, and Strategy
- Part I How Firms are Organized Across Borders
- The International Configurations of US Multinational Corporations
- Trade or Multinational Production? Consumer Preferences and Multiproduct Firms
- Multinational Business Groups
- The Location of Multinational Firms’ R&D Activities Abroad: Host Country University Research, University–Industry Collaboration, and R&D Heterogeneity
- Part II How Global Firms Overcome Cross-Border Challenges
- Capturing Value from Intellectual Property (IP) in a Global Environment
- Sourcing from Multinational Suppliers to Overcome Weak Contracting Institutions and Gain Supply Chain Capabilities
- Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth? Geographic Concentration, Social Norms, and Knowledge Transfer
- The Spatial Diffusion of an Invisible Corporate Practice: Revisiting Stock Backdating, 1981–2005
- Part III Value Created by Cross-Border MNC Activity
- Cross-Regional R&D Collaboration and Local Knowledge Spillover
- Origin Matters: The Differential Impact of Import Competition on Innovation
- Multinational Activity in Emerging Markets: How and When Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth?
- Index