Index
ISBN: 978-1-78769-558-0, eISBN: 978-1-78769-557-3
ISSN: 0733-558X
Publication date: 7 August 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2019), "Index", Kornberger, M., Bowker, G.C., Elyachar, J., Mennicken, A., Miller, P., Nucho, J.R. and Pollock, N. (Ed.) Thinking Infrastructures (Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 62), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 367-381. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X20190000062024
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Index
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” with numbers indicate notes.
Academia, 293
Access to Medicine Index, 146, 152–155, 162–163
Accountability, 117, 123, 125
Accounting, 18, 24, 89, 124, 235, 247
devices, 86
systems, 88
Actants, 316
Action, 296
of sociality, 291–293
Actor Network Theory (ANT), 185, 188
performativity approach of, 189
Add-ons to METRC, 241–246
Addenbrooke’s NHS Trust, 32
Agence Technique pour l’Information Hospitalière (ATIH), 83n22
Agent-connectivity processes, 122
Agential realism, 170, 310
Agential realist approach, 171
Aggregation, 300–301
Airbnb, 241, 274
Algorithmic/algorithm
algorithms-in-practic, 170
and court, 279–281
infrastructure, 282
of Louvain, 315–316
TripAdvisor apparatus-in-practice, 172
as writers of story of digitally mediated conversations, 314–316
Alter descriptions, 302
Amazon, 274, 294
Analytical vocabulary, thinking infrastructures as, 3–5
Annual risk-assessment process, 28
Anti-nuclear movement, 260
Apartheid South Africa, 361
apartheid toilet, 363–364
public transportation, 362–363
toilet wars, 364–365
Apple, 274, 324
Application Programming Interface (API), 242
Artefacts, 90–92
Artificial intelligence, 308
Aspirations, 22
Assembling
calculative infrastructures, 18
pattern, 324
Asset selection for securitisation, 192
Asset valuation crisis, 191, 193
Asset-Backed Security, 188
Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), 32
Audit
explosion, 118
trail, 118, 120, 122, 124
Automatic systems, 357
Automating quality control, 53–55
Automobile Association (AA), 171–172, 177
Automobile-roadway-fuel infrastructure, 357
Balanced Scorecard (BSC), 28, 89
Bankruptcy, 337
Bankruptcy Act, 21
Barcode(s), 210, 222
barcode-based retail infrastructure, emerging, 219–223
Battler, 222
developing, 210–217
in US grocery retailing, 224
Benchmarking, 146
Bespoke infrastructures, extensible to, 322–323
Binomial tests, 55
Biographical ontologies, 121
Blockchain, 120, 124
Bourgeois, 261
Brazil, Russian, India, China, South Africa countries (BRICS countries), 156, 164–166
Bridging pattern, 324
British Medical Association (BMA), 25
Bucket system, 364
Budgetary adjustment, 74
Budgets, linking indicators to, 53–55
Business strategies, 135
Calculative agency, performing transparency work as, 199–200
Calculative infrastructures (see also Thinking infrastructures), 18–19, 46, 61, 72
calculating failure, 27–30
economising failure, 22–27
for governing quality, 49–55
linking indicators to budgets and automating quality control, 53–55
in making, 48, 56
making failure operational, 30–33
making quality calculable and enabling selective intervention, 49–51
quality-based competition and self-regulating hospitals, 51–53
rethinking failure, 33–35
Cannabidiol (CBD), 252n5
Cannabis, 236
legal market creation for, 246–250
Cape Town toilet wars, 364
Capital markets, 184
Capitalisation, 132
by certification, 139–140
data quality and evolution of LEI, 137–138
depoliticising infrastructure-making through measurement, 138–139
identification and infrastructure making, 132–133
‘pivotality’ and ‘linkability’ of identification data, 133–135
regulating financial markets through IDI, 136–137
turning identification data into assets, 135–136
Capitalistic perspective, 339–340
Care Act, 35
Central London Employment Tribunal (2016), 280
Certification, capitalisation by, 139–140
‘Chain of custody’ principles, 237
Chainmaking process, 123
Checkout, 210
scanning, 217–219
Ciborra’s octopoid intelligences, 329
Circularity, 329
Circumventing pattern, 324
City of London Law Society, 32
Clinical Commissioning Groups, 25
Clue gathering, 298–299
Clusters, 301
Co-evolutive interactions, 337–338
Cognitive origins of infrastructures, 322
Cogwheel Report (1967), 24
Collaborative economy, 274–275
Collateralised Debt Obligation, 188
Collective sensemaking processes, 87
Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection (see Healthcare Commission)
Commodious capitalism, 303
Commodity, infrastructure as, 338–340
Communication perspective, 309, 317
on fabric of SMA, 309
materiality and mattering of digitally mediated interactions, 310–311
SMA as text, 309–310
Communicative assemblages, 339
Community, 290, 293–294
animators, 311
members, 311
Community Care Act (1990), 25
Comparative quality metrics, 58
‘Competition by comparison’, 75
Completeness, 308
Compliance culture, 245
Components of infrastructure, 359
Computational model, 301
Computational reasoning, 314
Computer science, 308
Computerisation, 210
Computing artefact, 315
Conditio sine qua non, 294, 298
Connectivity, dialectics of, 126–127
Constituting boundaries and responsibilities, 278
matter of regulation, 279–281
Consultation process, 22
Consumable Kw, 348
Consumer barcode scanning, 223
Contestation forms, 345–351
disrupted balance in presumed exchange, 348–349
disruption between energy supplied and energy consumption, 349–350
local operators permanently realign entities within infrastructure’s ecology, 350–351
long chains of conversions to match entities within ecology, 346–348
matching low capacities with low income people, 345–346
Contested terrain, 184
Contextualisation of metrics, 108
Continuity, 337
Continuous supply against continuous payment, 348–349
Control, 308
of expenditure, 24
as protocol, 249–250
Conventional financial tests, 31
Conventional power
generation, 262–263
stations, 261
Convergence, moments of, 47–49
Cooperative activity, 313
Coordination, 308, 338
COSMOS, 212
Costing/costs, 24, 70–71
accounting to PPS, 72–74
calculation, 73
to pricing, 74–75
Country Income Classification Indices, 155
Credit
rating, 193
scoring technologies, 8
Credit rating agencies (CRA), 189, 193–195, 198
Crisis
securitisation market infrastructure after, 194–195
securitisation market infrastructure before, 193–194
Critical quantification, 79
Critical realism, 310
Cumulative trauma injuries, 222
Customer, 280
Customised Profit Improvement, 211
Cybercrime, 120–121
Cyberinfrastructures, 322
Cystic fibrosis, under-valuation of, 79–80
Data
capitalisation, 135
data-based services, 298–299
data-driven personalised services, 299
quality and evolution of LEI, 137–138
‘De-authorised’ Foundation Trust, 34
Decentralised ecosystem, 263
Decision-making, 283, 308
Democratic accountability, 35
Denaturalisation, 158–159
Department of Health, 27, 29
Departmental hospital costing system, 24
Designed ecology, 349
‘Developing NHS Performance Regime’, 33
Dexterity, 327
Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs), 72–73
Dialectics of connectivity and disconnectivity, 126–127
Digital
activity, 311
age, 121
convergence, 274
economic ecosystem, 274–275
economy, 299
infrastructures, 274, 323
point of harvest technologies, 121
thinking infrastructure, 170
Digital apparatus-in-practice, 174
New London Café, 174–175
Shed at Dulwich, The, 175–177
Digital market infrastructure, 209
barcode scanning, 208–209
checkout scanning and store-wide information systems, 217–219
conceptualisation of market infrastructures, 224–227
developing UPC, barcodes and scanners, 210–217
emerging barcode-based retail infrastructure, 219–223
studying enactment of, 210
Digital platforms, 274, 281, 283, 294
in sharing economy, 274–276
thinking infrastructure and opening up meaning of, 276–278
Digitalisation, 274
Digitally mediated conversations, 314–316
Digitally mediated interactions, materiality and mattering of, 310–311
Direct store delivery systems (DSD systems), 218
Direction des Hôpitaux (DH), 71
Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), 156–158
Disconnectivity, dialectics of, 126–127
Disempowerment, 282
Disentanglement, 199
Disruption
into conversion chains, 345–351
disrupted balance in presumed exchange, 348–349
between energy supplied and energy consumption, 349–350
Distributed agency, 126
and responsibility, 125–126
Distributed capitalism, 268–270
Distributed cognition, 7–8
Domesticating economic agency, 266–268
Domo Oeconomicus, 266
domotics and constitution of economic environments, 266–267
knowledge lost in market information, 267–268
smart meter and constitution of economic subjects, 266
Domotics of economic environments, 266–267
Dotation globale de financement, 72
Double Burden of Disease, 157, 161, 164
Double volatility, 263
Drug traceability, 116
Dutch Reach Project, 360
Dynamic nominalism, 19
Dynamic regime of user-platform interaction, 302
E-scores, 302
Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBIDTA), 29
eBay, 241
Ecological balance, 338
Ecology, 337
of energy infrastructure, 337–338
in practice, 338
Economic
assemblage, 339
conversion chains, 338–340
conversions, 337
development, 345
equation, 341
organisations, 290
theory, 188
thinking, 341
transactions, 339
viability, reach, 346–348
Economising failure, 22–27
Editorial enunciation, 309, 311
Editorial process, 309
Efficient Consumer Response (ECR), 220
ElasticSearch, 314
Electric leakages, 345–351
Electricity, 356
market, 258, 263–264
meters, 268
provision, 256
stock exchange, 257
Electrification project, 345–346
Electronic
log-books, 121
marketing, 220
scanning, 212
Electronic shelf label (ESL), 210
Eligibility of localities and willingness to pay, 343–344
Elium, 308
Emails, 308
Embedded sociotechnical natures, 331
EmergencyResponse, 92, 94–95, 101, 107–108
Emerging economies, 156–157
Encoding of social interaction, 296–300
Encounters, 358–359
Energy
consumption, 349–350
energy-consuming equipment, 342–343
internet, 265
sources, 256–257
Energy infrastructure
ecology of, 337–338
economic balance, 339
Energy transition
infrastructural challenge, 261
from stock to flow, 261–262
English Wikipedia, 278
Enterprise, 308
Enthusiasm, 330–331
Entities, 124–125
Entrapment within platform owner, 282
Enunciation, 309
Epistemic cultures, 2
Essential drugs list (EDL), 150
Essential medicines list (EML), 151
Ethnographic methods, 189
European Commission, 275, 340
European Region Development Fund, 311
European Union (EU), 189
General Data Protection Regulations, 119
Evaluation systems, 87–88
Experian, 116
Extensible to bespoke infrastructures, 322–323
External quality assurance system, 45
Externalisation, 329
Extra-organisational collaboration, 322
Facebook, 274, 296
Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Google (FANG), 4
Facebook Business, 308
Failure, 20, 27
calculating, 27–30
contemporary language, 21
economising, 22–27
of imagination, 104
making failure operational, 30–33
regime, 31
rethinking, 33–35
Federal Joint Committee, 51
Fédération Hospitalière de France, 83n12
Fieldwork and data, 340–341
Financial
assets, 184
crime regulation, 122
institutions, 193
markets, 132
statements, 47–48
tools, 70–71
Financial crisis (2007), 136, 191, 195–196, 198
lifecycle, 191
Flexibility, 329
Flying toilet, 364
ForceAtlas2, 315–316
Formatting digital traces of interactions, 312–314
Fostering user engagement, 299
Foundation Trusts, 21–22, 26, 28
hospitals, 33
Regulator Board, 28
Framing, 199
Free-mium, 135
Freecycle, 275
French Development Agency, 336, 340
Fungibility, 301
Future perfect thinking, 91
Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss (G-BA), 51, 53, 64n2
Generativity, 243–245
German energy transition, 258–259
German healthcare, 45
German Hospital Association, 50
German hospital care, 53
German Medical Association, 50
German Wikipedia, 278
Giddens’s structuration theory, 360
Gig economy, 275
Global banking sector, 19
‘Global Burden of Disease’ database, 156
Global civil society actors, 152
Global financial crisis (2007–2008), 184, 189, 194
Global Legal Entity Foundation (GLEIF), 137–140
Global Legal Entity Identifier System (GLEIS), 137
Google, 274
Google Doc, 314
Google Drive, 308, 324–325
Governance, 44, 124–125
infrastructures to serving multiple modalities for governance, 56–59
re-thinking infrastructures for, 45
Governing, 5
calculation and infrastructures governing by quantification, 46–47
‘Government at distance’ development, 71
‘Government by costs and by rates’, 71
Government-owned ‘parastatal’ corporations, 361
GP budgets, 25
GP fundholding, 25
Grant-allocation mechanism, 74
Graphical reasoning, 316
Griffiths Report, 24
Groupes Homogènes de Malades (GHM), 73–74
Groups, 290, 293–294
Guillebaud Committee, 23–24
Habits, 358
Habituation, 358
Health Act, 34
Health and Social Care Act, 25, 27, 33
Health Link, 31–32
Health policy, 77
Healthcare Commission, 28, 38n26
Healthcare costs, 23
Healthcare Modernization Act, 51
Healthcare Reform Act (1988), 49
Hepatitis, 157
Highly political accounting, 79
HIV/AIDS, 151
Homeopathy, 74
Homo oeconomicus, 267
Hôpital 2007 plan, 75
Hospital NHS Trust (Guy and St Thomas), 31
Hospital Structure Act, 54
Hospital(s), 70
activity, 71
budgets, 57
costs, 71
hospital-based healthcare management, 24–25
medical practices, 77–79
metrological controversy, 79–80
redoing calculation, 80–81
trusts, 25
Human
activity, 310
communication and interaction, 299–300
individuals, 357
infrastructure, 322
Human Development Index (HDI), 155, 161
Humanitarian crises, 87, 89
collective sensemaking and thinking infrastructures in large-scale, 94–103
contextualising sphere and adapting to variability of, 101–103
data analysis, 94
data collection, 93–94
evaluation through open and participatory design, 105–107
methodology, 92–94
performance measures as sensegiving resources, 107–108
research setting and case study, 92–93
retrospective reflection to exploring tentative new understandings, 99–101
sensemaking theory, 90–92
thinking infrastructures in unstable environments, 88–89
Hyper-modernity, 303
Ideational traceability, 118
Identification infrastructure (IDI) (see also Thinking infrastructures), 132, 134–135, 138
designers and controllers, 136
regulating financial markets through, 136–137
Identifiers, 137
IGOs, 152
Imitation-differentiation model, 301–302
Incubation periods shaping infrastructure development, 59–61
Independent Regulator, 22
Indexal thinking, 150
Access to Medicine Index, 152–155
accessing to medicine as global problem space, 150–152
and global playgrounds, 163–166
rankings, 146–148
regulatory ranking and, 148–150
territorialising global needs, 154–163
Indexing, 150, 166n1
Indice Synthétique d’Activité (see Synthetic index of activity (ISA))
Information
process, 268
system, 73
technology, 258
Information infrastructure (II), 8–10, 87, 184, 208
as market infrastructure, 187
markets as, 263–264
and transpa rency, 185–187
Infrastructures/infrastructural/infrastructuration, 44, 46, 170, 250, 337
advent, 337
of apartheid South Africa, 361–365
as apparatus, 170–171
bricoleurs, 322
building, 138
challenge of energy transition, 261–262
collage, 161–163
as commodity, 338–340
competence, 325, 330
development, 45
digital apparatus-in-practice, 174–177
for governance, 44
governing by quantification, calculation and, 46–47
infrastructure-making depoliticising through measurement, 138–139
infrastructures of apartheid South Africa, 361–365
ingenuity ‘artful’, 325
inversion, 146, 260
large-scale, 44
layering, 45, 48
of markets, 188
materialising digital thinking infrastructure, 177–178
materialising user-based valuation, 173–174
mechanics of invisibility, 358–361
METRC as, 241–246
moments of convergence and processes of layering, 47–49
networks, 256
patchwork, 156–161
of referentiality, 163
to serving multiple modalities for governance, 56–59
shifting agency in sociotechnical systems, 356–358
supporting multiple notions of quality, 61–62
thinking, 282–284
traceability, 118–119
transparency, 356, 358
valuation apparatus, 171–173
work, 256
Infrastructuring, 186–187
of social media, 294–296
Infrastructuring as bricolage
extensible to bespoke infrastructures, 322–323
octopoid infrastructuring, 330–331
workers as OCTOPI, 324–330
Inscriptions, 120
Insolvency, 21
Insolvency Act (1986), 22, 27, 31
Institutional stagnation, 24
Integrated risk management, 242
Intelligences, 327, 330
Inter-group sensemaking, 101–102
InterAction, 93
Interactive electricity provision system, 263
Internal market reforms, 25
Internalisation, 329
International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 155
Internet, 356
Internetworking, 257
Interpretation process, 298–299
Interviews, 322
Intrigue, 316
Investments in thinking infrastructures, 1
Invisibility mechanics, 358–361
Iterative process, 338
Job seeker, 295
Jurisdictions, 357
King’s College NHS Trust, 32
Knowledge
infrastructures, 8–10
lost in market information, 267–268
work, 322
Kombi-taxis, 362
Kroll, 116
Labour Party, 25
Layering, 47–49, 62
Learning, 138
Least Developed Countries (LDCs), 162
Legal Entity Identifier standard (LEI standard), 132, 134
data quality and evolution of, 137–138
Legal market creation for cannabis, 246
control as protocol, 249–250
from knowing devices to thinking infrastructures, 247–249
METRC, 234–239
METRC as infrastructure, 241–246
METRC as market device, 239–241
research context and data collection, 236
Legality, 243–244
Legibility, 240–241
Licensing, 252n2
Liking activitiy, 300
Linkability of identification data, 133–135
LinkedIn, 295
Liquidity crisis, 191
Load management, 262
Load profile, 262
Local Operating Units (LOUs), 137, 141
Local operators realign entities within infrastructure’s ecology, 350–351
Long chains of conversions to match entities within ecology, 346–348
Longevity, 337, 347
and economic conversion chains, 338–340
Low capacities with low income people, 345–346
Lump-sum payment scheme, 350
Malleable local framing, 89
Management budgets, 24
Marijuana Enforcement Division (MED), 236, 249
Marijuana Enforcement Tracking Reporting and Compliance (METRC), 234–239
generativity, 243–245
as infrastructure, 241
legibility and reactivity, 240–241
loose ecology of devices, 241–243
making market legible, 239–240
as market device, 239
master narratives, 245–246
Market device, 208–209, 234, 266
METRC as, 239
notion of, 246
Market information, knowledge lost in, 267–268
Market infrastructures, 188, 208–209, 229n1
conceptualisation of, 224–227
Market(s), 208
automata, 267
demands, 123
disruption, 136
economy, 23, 276
as information infrastructures, 263–264
intelligence, 264–265
market-based model, 234
re-standardisation, 197
thinking, 146
transparency, 184–185, 191
Master narratives, 245–246
Matchmakers, 275
Matchmaking to boundary making
constituting boundaries and responsibilities, 278–281
digital platforms in sharing economy, 274–276
ontological politics, 281–282
thinking infrastructure and opening up meaning of digital platforms, 276–278
thinking infrastructures and infrastructure thinking, 282–284
Material
devices, 262
dimensions of sensemaking, 91
enactments, 170
material-discursive practices, 170
Materialising
digital thinking infrastructure, 177–178
user-based valuation, 173–174
Materiality, 5–7
and mattering of digitally mediated interactions, 310–311
of traceability infrastructures, 119–121
Mattering of digitally mediated interactions, 310–311
Meaning making, 298–299
Mechanics of invisibility, 358–361
Medical practices, 77–79
Medicine index, accessing to, 152–154
Metering technology, 267–268
Micro-capitalist pattern, 341–343
Micro-grid system, 346
Micro-territory level, 342
Microsoft, 324
Mobile computing technology, 223
Modified retail market infrastructure, 208
Monarch marking systems, 211
Monitor (independent regulator), 25, 27, 30
Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS), 188
Movie ratings, 291
Multi-modal framework, 59
Music listening behavioural patterns, 291
Muthos, 316
National Association of Statutory and Private Insurance Funds, 50
National Health Service (NHS), 18–19, 21–26
National income accounting, 18
National Institute for Quality and Transparency in Healthcare (IQTiG), 54–55, 58–59
National Institute for Quality Assurance (BQS), 50–52, 58–59
National quality assurance system, 64n4
Natural economic selection, 346
Nature as infrastructure, 256
Needs-based approach to planning, 53
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD), 156
Neoliberalism, 20, 22, 36
Neural networks, 291
New Public Management, 19–20
Nexus smartphone, 324–325
NGO Energy Organisation (EnO), 336
NHS Foundation Trust, 29–30, 33–34
Non-communicable diseases, 156
Nuclear energies, 257
Nuclear state, 260
Objects, 296
Obligatory reference in management science, 80
Octopi, 327
workers as, 324–330
Octopoid infrastructuring, 330–331
Octopus, 327
Off-grid
electrification, 340
energy access initiatives, 338
infrastructure economic sustainability, 339
people, 341
solar infrastructures, 346
Online environments social media engineer, 300
Online interactions, 312
Ontological politics, 281–282
Order of Things, 118
Organisation(al), 88, 290
context, 309
objectives, 88
routines, 359
studies, 48
Outsourcing, 125
Oxford Dictionary of English, 327–328
Pacemaker implants, 51
Participatory mechanisms, 100
Patches to METRC, 241–246
Performance, 187
evaluation systems, 89
measurement and control systems, 89
measures as sensegiving resources, 107–108
metrics, 89, 105
Performativity, 170, 177–178, 187, 200
of devices, 5–7
theory, 187
Personalisation
services, 295, 298–299
on social media, 301–302
Phatic labour, 121
Physical infrastructures, 139
Pipes and wires, 61
Pivotality of identification data, 133–135
Planning-oriented quality indicators, 54, 57, 59
Platform
capitalism, 275
cooperativism, 275
cooperativist models, 282
element of traceability infrastructures, 122–123
Political entrepreneurship, 343
Political reform, 62
Politicising technology, 259
Popularity Index, 172
Power/knowledge characteristic, 303
Practice lens, 310
Pragmatic moral economy of public energy service for poor, 344–345
Pre-programmed set of actions, 294–295
Preconceptual thought, 7
Price
costing to, 74–75
signals, 264, 268
verification, 222
Pricing payment system (PPS), 70–71
cost accounting to, 72–74
Primary Care Trusts, 33
Private Hire Vehicle (PHV), 280
Processual traceability, 121
Programmatic ideals, 46
Programme de médicalisation du système d’information (PMSI), 73–75
Progressive Grocer (US trade magazine), 209, 211, 213, 216–217, 219
Project management practices, 313
Prospective sensemaking, 86–92
fostering conditions for, 104–105
Protocol, 235, 314
control as, 249–250
Public energy service for poor, 344–345
Public services, 21
Public transportation, 362–363
Qualculation, 171
Quality
assurance, 139
contracts, 54
governance in German healthcare, 48
indicators, 50
infrastructures supporting multiple notions of, 61–62
metrics, 58
offensive convergence, 57
Quality-based competition, 45, 51–53, 57
Quantification, 46–47
practices, 52
Quasi-automatic behaviour, 359
R function, 55
Radio frequency identification tags (RFID tags), 237–238
Rankings, 146–147
algorithm, 172
‘Rate the Raters’, 149
Rate-based medicine, 77–79
Ratings shopping, 194
Ratio analysis, 22, 47–48
(Re)framing processes, 89
Reactivity, 240–241
‘Readiness to pay’, 353n4
Real-life communities, 290–291
Real-time METRC, 240
Reconstruction Act, 21
Recursive loop of interactions, 302
Regulator, 27–28, 31, 35
Regulatory capitalism, 123, 146
Regulatory ranking, 148–150, 163
Relationality, 4
Renewable energy
infrastructures, 256
promoting, 260–261
systems, 256
Renewable technology, 342
Repulsion force, 315
Resisting nuclear power, 259–260
Rethinking
failure, 22, 33–35
infrastructures for governance, 45
Revenues, 153
Rhythmic modulations, 48
Right to privacy, 118–119
Risk adjustments, 58–59
Risk indexes, 22, 47–48
Risk management, 29
issue, 192–193
Rural electrification, 342
initiatives, 340
programme, 342
Scannable coupons, 220
Scanner, 210
developing, 210–217
scanner-compatible auxiliary equipment, 218
Scanner marketing, 220
Scanning, 218, 222
Schema, 292
Science and Technology Studies (STS), 185, 187–188, 258–259, 276, 337
Scripts, 292, 296
and forms of sociality, 291–293
scripted ecology, 338
Securitisation, 184, 194
market infrastructure after crisis, 194–195
market infrastructure before crisis, 193–194
market infrastructures in, 188–189
Securitisation industry, 189
transparency in, 192–193
Security of supply, 263
Seed-to-sale inventory accounting system, 234
Selective intervention approach, 45, 57
Self-employed drivers, 278–279, 281
Self-regulating hospitals, 51–53
Semi-automated models, 291
Semi-structured nature of UGC, 298
Sensegiving resources, performance measures as, 107–108
Sensemaking (see also Prospective sensemaking), 86
activities, 308
anticipatory forms, 99
material dimensions, 91
theory, 90–92
Separate development, 361–362
Sets, 301
SharePoint, 308
Sharing economy, 274, 278–279
digital platforms in, 274–276
Shifting agency in sociotechnical systems, 356–358
Silicon Valley, 278
Single oversight regime, 22
Skills, 358
Slack, 308, 314
Smart grid, 265
as performing market, 258
Smart markets, 258, 266, 270n1
Smart meters, 265
and constitution of economic subjects, 266
Smart technologies, 262
conventional power generation, 262–263
designing market intelligence, 264–265
domo oeconomicus, 266–268
markets as information infrastructures, 263–264
Social
contexts, 292
data, 297
domains, 295
entities, 290
exchanges, 294
graph, 312
infrastructures, 7–8
matrix, 300
mechanisms, 357
norms, 359
practices, 2
relations, 298
sphere, 23
Social interaction, 291–293
encoding of, 296–300
Social media, 308
analytical process, 311
platform design, 295
reengineer, 290
Social media analytics (SMA), 308
algorithms as writers of story of digitally mediated conversations, 314–316
communication perspective on fabric, 309–311
creating, extracting, selecting and formatting digital traces of interactions, 312–314
factory, 312
methodology, 311–312
synthesis of contribution, 317
Social media and infrastructuring of sociality
encoding of social interaction, 296–300
infrastructuring of social media, 294–296
social interaction, 291–293
sociality organised by measures and algorithms, 300–303
Social Media Lab, 311
‘Social Studies of Finance’, 188
Socialisation, 329
Sociality, 296
scripts and forms of, 291–293
sociality-making, 301
Socially embedded groups, 290–291
Socially embedded interactions, 291–292, 296
Societal confidence, 123
Socio-political issue, transparency as, 191–192
Socio-technical view, 277
Socioeconomic
exchanges, 274
models, 282
Sociological research programme, 340
Sociotechnical systems, shifting agency in, 356–358
South Africa’s public transport systems, 362
Spanish Wikipedia, 278
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), 190
Sphere, 93, 104
evaluative tensions in making sense of unexpected, 98–99
prescriptions on participatory processes, 100
system, 95, 97
technical evaluation dimension, 97
Sphere Handbook, The, 93, 95
modes of evaluation within, 96
SQL, 314
Stakeholders, 342–343
Standardisation network, 197
organising transparency work as, 197–199
State ignorance, 72–74
Statistical reference areas, 50–51
Steering Committee for Humanitarian Response, 93
Store-wide information systems, 217–221
UPC-based information systems, 223
Strategic infrastructuring practices, 324
Structured dialogues, 51
Substantial benefits, 275
Supply chain, 122
Sustainable Development Goals, 154
Synthetic index of activity (ISA), 76
Systemically operationalise social interaction, 294–295
Tagging activitiy, 300
Tariff system, 342–343
Tarification à l’activité (T2A), 70, 74–75
Taximeters, 279
Technological/technologies, 6
citizenship, 261
connecting service providers, 281
environment of social media, 290
user models, 294–295
Technopolitical project, 257
Technopolitics, 258–259
Terms of competition, 245
changing, 245–246
Territorial inclusion, 338
Territorialisation, 148, 165
Territorialising global needs, 154
index, 154–155
infrastructural collage, 161–163
infrastructural patchwork, 156–161
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 252n5
Text
image, 309
SMA as, 309–310
Theoretical building-blocks, 132
Thinking, 235
algorithmic infrastructures, 274
energy infrastructure for poor, 341
Thinking infrastructures (see also Identification infrastructure (IDI)), 1–3, 90–92, 170, 188, 193, 209, 235, 246, 258–259, 274, 280
as analytical vocabulary, 3–5
challenge for, 86
evaluative tensions in, 104–105
and infrastructure thinking, 282–284
from knowing devices to, 247–249
METRC as, 247–249
and opening up meaning of digital platforms, 276–278
promoting renewable energies, 260–261
relating to ongoing conversations, 5–10
resisting nuclear power, 259–260
specific features, 88
in unstable environments, 88–89
Thinking transparency in European securitisation
data collection and analysis, 190–191
information infrastructure and transparency, 185–187
information infrastructure as market infrastructure, 187
market transparency, 184–185
materialising transparency, 195–197
research findings, 191
research methods and unit of analysis, 189–190
in securitisation industry, 192–193
securitisation market infrastructure after crisis, 194–195
securitisation market infrastructure before crisis, 193–194
as socio-political issue, 191–192
transparency work, 197–200
Toilet wars, 364–365
Topology, 147
Toyota HiAce vans, 362
Traceability, 116, 308
dynamics of traceability infrastructures, 123–127
infrastructure, 118–119, 121–124
materiality of traceability infrastructures, 119–121
of money and assets, 116
politics, 122
preliminary analysis, 123
processes, 121–122
studies, 117
Tracing, 4, 121
Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS), 151
Traditional sensemaking approaches, 91
Trans-situated learning, 138
Transactions within unstable ecologies
disruption into conversion chains, electric leakages, 345–351
ecology of energy infrastructure, 337–338
eligibility of localities and willingness to pay, 343–344
fieldwork and data, 340–341
longevity and economic conversion chains, 338–340
micro-capitalist pattern, 341–343
pragmatic moral economy of public energy service for poor, 344–345
thinking energy infrastructure for poor, 341
Translations (T3 and T4), 314–316
Transorganisational traceability infrastructures, 123
Transparency (see also Thinking transparency in European securitisation), 184–185, 196–197
in financial markets, 185
II and, 185–187
organising transparency work as standardisation network, 197–199
performing transparency work as calculative agency, 199–200
in securitisation industry, 192–193
as socio-political issue, 191–192
work, 188–189, 197–198
Transparency International (TI), 91
Treasurer, 336
TripAdvisor website, 171–172, 174, 295
Trust concept, 32
Trust through quality, 49
Tyranny of transparency, 104
‘U Com-70 Model 109’ cart, 217
Uber, 241, 274, 278, 280, 294
case, 278–281
gig economy model, 278–279
Uber B.V. (UBV), 280
Ubercapital, 245
UK financial services industry, 125
UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), 162
Uncertainty, 199
Under-valuation of cystic fibrosis, 79–80
Underwriting of single loans, 192
Uniform Communication System, 218, 220
Unit of analysis, 189–190
United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals, 154
Universal communication standard (UCS), 224
Universal Product Code barcode (UPC barcode), 208, 224
developing, 210–217
UPC scanner symbols and evaluations, 215
Unstable environments, thinking infrastructures in, 88–89
User models, 295
substitute scripts, 300
User platform participation, 301
User valuations, 177–178
User-generated content (UGC), 297
unstructured nature, 298
Valuation apparatus, 171–173
Valuation practices, 171–172
Value attribution, 298–299
Valued Customer Card, 220
Valuing, 3–4
Variance, 70–71
rates as tool of government to reducing, 76–77
Vessel monitoring, 121
Virginia-based grocery retailer, 220
Visualisation, 312
Willingness to pay, 343–344
Work infrastructure 186
Workers as OCTOPI, 324–330
World Health Organisation (WHO), 150
World Trade Organisation (WTO), 151
World Wildlife Foundation (WWF), 121–122
Yammer, 308
Yuka French app, 227
Zig-zagging behaviour, 327
- Prelims
- Introduction to Thinking Infrastructures
- Part I Valuing
- Chapter 1 Assembling Calculative Infrastructures
- Chapter 2 A Calculative Infrastructure in the Making: The Emergence of a Multi-layered Complex for Governing Healthcare
- Chapter 3 Calculative Infrastructure for Hospitals: Governing Medical Practices and Health Expenditures through a Pricing Payment System
- Chapter 4 Prospective Sensemaking and Thinking Infrastructures in a Large-scale Humanitarian Crisis
- Part II Tracing
- Chapter 5 Infrastructures of Traceability
- Chapter 6 Capitalization by Certification: Creating Information-based Assets through the Establishment of an Identification Infrastructure
- Chapter 7 Indexal Thinking – Reconfiguring Global Topologies for Market-based Intervention
- Chapter 8 Performing Apparatus: Infrastructures of Valuation in Hospitality
- Part III Governing Markets
- Chapter 9 Thinking Transparency in European Securitization: Repurposing the Market’s Information Infrastructures
- Chapter 10 Thinking Market Infrastructure: Barcode Scanning in the US Grocery Retail Sector, 1967–2010
- Chapter 11 Thinking Infrastructure and the Organization of Markets: The Creation of a Legal Market for Cannabis in Colorado
- Chapter 12 Smart Grids and Smart Markets: The Promises and Politics of Intelligent Infrastructures
- Chapter 13 From Matchmaking to Boundary Making: Thinking Infrastructures and Decentring Digital Platforms in the Sharing Economy
- Part IV Infrastructuring Society
- Chapter 14 Social Media and the Infrastructuring of Sociality
- Chapter 15 A Communication Perspective on the Fabric of Thinking Infrastructure: The Case of Social Media Analytics
- Chapter 16 Infrastructuring as Bricolage: Thinking Like a Contemporary Knowledge Worker
- Chapter 17 Designing Infrastructure for the Poor: Transactions within Unstable Ecologies
- Chapter 18 Infrastructuration: On Habits, Norms and Routines as Elements of Infrastructure
- Index