Index
ISBN: 978-1-78714-542-9, eISBN: 978-1-78714-541-2
ISSN: 0573-8555
Publication date: 30 May 2018
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2018), "Index", Health Econometrics (Contributions to Economic Analysis, Vol. 294), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 381-391. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0573-855520180000294020
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Accident insurance
, 68
ADF test
, 331, 332
Administrative data
, 285–300
ex-ante assessments
, 288
ex-post assessments
, 288–292
health care services, assessment of
, 286–288
hospital efficiency measurement, methods of
, 292–294
relative efficiency assessment, methods of
, 294–297
Adopted children, effect of health endowment at birth of
, 183
Adverse selection
, 23–25, 34, 47, 48, 51
Affordable Care Act
, 65
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
, 290, 292, 293
Agglomeration
, 318–320
Aikaike information criterion (AIC)
, 90, 368
Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC)
, 312, 319
Anchoring vignettes
, 145–166, 169–174
data
, 151–157
objective measures of mobility
, 153–154
self-reported mobility
, 152–153
socio-demographic variables
, 154–155
study design
, 155–157
non-parametric estimation
, 148–150
parametric estimation
, 150–151
results
, 157–164, 169–174
Antibiotic consumption
, 314–315
Artefactual field experiments
, 4
Assortative matching
, 181
Atomistic fallacy
, 296
Attribute non-attendance (ANA)
, 93–96
Average treatment effect (ATE)
, 2, 61
Bayesian information criterion (BIC)
, 90, 368
Bayesian methods
, 89, 314, 318
Behavioral data linking
, 5
Behavioral econometrics
, 3, 8
applications to health
, 14–15
choice under risk
, 11
econometrics
, 12–14
experimental design and tests
, 12
general framework
, 10
identification problem
, 10
individual discounting
, 11–12
Behavioral experiments in health
, 3–6
Behavioral insights teams
, 2
Belief elicitation
, 27–28
Benefit package
, 27
Body mass index (BMI)
, 108, 313–314
Bootstrapping
, 121
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
, 68
Canadian Institute for Health information (CIHI)
, 290, 293, 299
Canadian Patient Experiences Survey
, 292
Caps on contingency fees
, 242
Caps on damages
, 242
Causal effects
, 57
Certainty equivalent (CE) method
, 8
Certificate of merit
, 242
Child’s health endowment at birth, parental investments to
, 175–193, 197–199
conceptual framework
, 178–179
data and sample selection
, 184–185
econometric strategy
, 179–183
estimation results
, 186–193
Chilling effect
, 109
Choice architecture
, 2
Choice under risk
, 11
Clinical governance
, 290
Cobb Douglas production function
, 293
Column-by-column approach
, 364–365
Commission for Health Improvement (CHI)
, 290
Common Correlated Effects (CCE)
, 312, 315, 334
Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCE MG) estimator
, 316
Common Correlated Effects Pooled (CCEP) estimation
, 315–316
Compound hierarchical ordered probit model. See Hierarchical ordered probit (HOPIT) model
Conditional autoregressive (CAR) model
, 360, 362
Contagious presenteeism
, 67
Conventional lab experiments
, 4
Corrected ordinary least squares (COLS)
, 292
Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA)
, 6, 119–141
case study
, 130–140
incremental cost-effectiveness ratio
, 120–122
incremental net benefit
, 122–123
net benefit regression framework
, 124–141
seemingly unrelated regression, critique of
, 126–127
Cost-utility analysis (CUA)
, 6
Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) model
, 208–211
Cross-country comparison
anchoring vignettes
, 151–164, 169–174
healthcare expenditures
, 327–344, 349–358
Cross-sectional dependence of healthcare expenditures
, 331–334, 341–343
Cross-sectionally augmented distributed lag (CS-DL)
, 334
Cross-Validation (CV)
, 368–369
Cultural assimilation
, 107–109
Database of State Tort Law Reforms (DSTLR)
, 249–251
Data envelopment analysis (DEA)
, 292
Defensive medicine
empirical analysis
, 244–247
liability pressure and
, 253–254
negative
, 236–237
positive
, 236
Delta method
, 122
Demand of health care services, immigration and
, 110–111
Diagnosis-related groups (DRG)
, 263–267, 274–275, 278, 289, 291, 299
Difference-in-Difference-in-Difference (DDD)
, 59, 65
Disability insurance (DI)
, 69–70
Discrete choice methods, in health economics
, 85–96
attribute non-attendance
, 93–96
multinomial logit and mixed logit models
, 86–91
scale heterogeneity
, 91–92
willingness to pay space, in estimation of
, 92–93
Domain-Specific Risk-Taking scale (DOSPERT)
, 7
Drug expenditure, insurance coverage on
, 202
Drug innovation
, 203, 205
Duration models
, 201–228
Ecological fallacy
, 296
Econometric strategy
parental investments to child’s health endowment at birth
, 179–183
Effectiveness
, 289
Efficiency
, 289
hospital
, 292–294
relative
, 294–297
Emergency department (ED) visits, geographical accessibility to
, 318
Empirical models of hospital competition
, 267–271
Endogeneity
of child health
, 176, 177, 179, 180, 188, 192, 193
hospital’s quality competition
, 267–271
immigration and health
, 113
Endogenous attribute attendance (EAA) model
, 94–95
mixed
, 95–96
English Care Quality Commission
, 292
Enterprise liability
, 237
Episode splitting
, 209
Equality-constrained latent class (EC-LC) model
, 94, 95
Equation-by-equation estimation
, 134–136
Ethiopia
subjective expectations of medical expenditures and insurance
, 23–52
Évaluation des pratiques (EPP)
, 290
Ex-ante assessments
, 288
Expectation-Maximisation (EM) algorithm
, 90, 370, 371
Expectations, of medical expenditures and insurance
, 23–52
Expected Utility Theory (EUT)
, 8–9
Expenditure externality hypothesis
, 317
Experimental design
, 12
Experimental tests
, 12
Experimenter demand effects
, 4
Ex-post assessments
, 288–292
Extended Bayesian Information Criterion (EBIC)
, 368
Extended Cox Model
, 209
Face validity
, 35–42
Failure of R&D process
, 204–210
estimation strategy
, 208–209
hazard function
, 205–208
time-varying characteristics and effects
, 209–210
Father’s birth endowment
, 181
FMOLS (Fully Modified OLS) estimation
, 339–341
Forecast expenditure
, 24
Framed field experiments
, 4
Gamble tradeoff (GTO) method
, 8
Gamma Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (GPML)
, 26, 42, 44
Gauss–Hermite quadrature
, 370, 371
Gaussian graphical models
, 360, 361–362
Generalised Linear Model (GLM)
, 26, 42, 311
Generalised-multinomial logit model (G-MNL)
, 91, 92
Generalized Cross-Validation
, 368
Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)
, 127–129, 140–141, 306, 321
relationship with SUR and OLS
, 129–130
German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP)
, 111, 112
Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes (GBE)
, 290
Gibbs sampling
, 371
Granger causality test
, 340
Graphical discrete choice models
, 370–371
Graphical LASSO (GLASSO)
, 321, 360, 366, 367, 372
Graphical modeling, for large network inference
, 359–373
applications of
, 371–373
discrete random variables
graphical discrete choice models
, 370–371
Ising graphical model
, 369–370
estimation
, 363–369
column-by-column approach
, 364–365
model selection
, 367–369
penalized log-likelihood approach
, 365–367
Gaussian graphical models
, 361–362
in spatial econometrics
, 362–363
Great Migration
, 106
Hansen–Sargan test
, 178
Hausman’s test
, 311
Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS)
, 290
Hawthorne effects
, 4
Hazard function, of R&D process
, 205–208
Health, defined
, 61
Healthcare Costs and Utilization Project (HCUP)
, 290
Healthcare expenditures (HCE), cross-country modeling of
, 315–318, 327–344, 349–358
data and variables
, 334–335
panel ARDL modeling studies
, 327–329, 331, 335–339, 349–351
study methodology
, 331–334
technology effects on
, 329–330
unit root tests
, 335–339
Healthcare services, assessment of
, 286–288
Health insurance. See Insurance
Health of migrants
, 101–114
Health outcomes
, 285–300
Health resources, allocation of
, 315–318
Health selectivity
, 107
Healthy immigrant effect
, 103, 110
Heart attack survival rate and expenditure
, 313
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI)
, 268–271, 319
Heteroskedasticity-autocorrelation consistent (HAC) estimator
, 313
Hierarchical ordered probit (HOPIT) model
, 146–148, 154, 157, 165
cross-country comparison
, 158, 163, 164, 169–170
health equation
, 151
reporting behavior
, 150–151, 156
HIV prevalence
, 314
Hospital competition on quality
, 263–279, 318–320
DRG tariffs and
, 274–275
empirical models of
, 267–271
non-profit hospitals
, 275–278
spatial approach to
, 271–273
Hospital discharge chart (HDC)
, 286
Hospital efficiency measurement, methods of
, 292–294
Hospital mergers
, 273–274
Identification problem
, 10
Immigration and health
, 101–114
administrative records
, 104–105
cultural assimilation and language skills
, 107–109
demand of health care services
, 110–111
health insurance coverage
, 109
health of those left behind
, 113
health selectivity
, 107
healthy immigrant effect
, 103, 110
immigration policy
, 107
natural and quasi-natural experiments
, 105–107
selection and regression toward the mean, modeling
, 104
supply of health care services
, 112
visa status
, 107
working conditions and work-related risks
, 111–112
Immigration and Refugee Protection Act of 2002
, 107
Immigration policy
, 107
Immunisation decisions
, 183
Incentive-compatible (IC) tests
, 8
Income elasticity
, 329, 335, 339
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)
, 120–122, 123
Incremental net benefit (INB)
, 122–123, 140–141
Individual discounting
, 11–12
Information technology
, 330
Inpatient hospital admissions
, 312–313
Institutional accreditation
, 287
Instrumental variables (IV)
, 60, 176, 178, 180, 183, 242, 248, 269, 277, 306, 311
Insurance
accident
, 68
coverage
on drug expenditure
, 202
for immigrants
, 109
disability
, 69–70
health, subjective expectations of
, 23–52
long-term care
, 70–71
sick leave
, 66–67
statutory pension
, 71–72
unemployment
, 71
Insurance market choices
, 7
Intent-to-treat (ITT)
, 60
Interactive fixed effects estimator (IFE)
, 334
Intergenerational mobility
, 178, 181
Intrahousehold resource allocation
, 178
Irrelevant alternatives (IIA) property
, 88, 89
Ising graphical model
, 369–370
ISO-9000 certification
, 288
John Henry effects
, 5
Joint and several liability (JSL) rule
, 242, 249, 250
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
, 287
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals
, 287
Key performance indicators (KPI)
, 289
Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test
, 155–156
Kulback–Leibler divergence
, 368
Lab-field experiments
, 5
Labor market, immigration effect on
, 111
Language skills
, 107–109
Large network inference, graphical modeling techniques for
, 359–373
applications of
, 371–373
discrete random variables
graphical discrete choice models
, 370–371
Ising graphical model
, 369–370
estimation
, 363–369
column-by-column approach
, 364–365
model selection
, 367–369
penalized log-likelihood approach
, 365–367
Gaussian graphical models
, 361–362
in spatial econometrics
, 362–363
Latent class (LC) model
, 89, 90
Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)
, 321, 360, 364, 365, 372
Liability and medical decisions
, 236–241, 249, 251, 255
empirical analysis
, 240–241, 244–247
existing evidence and limitations
, 242–252
future research
, 255–257
liability pressure
, 252–255
theoretical expectations
, 238–240
Likert scale
, 7
Lind, James
, 3
Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE)
, 59, 61, 72
Long-term care insurance
, 70–71
Market structure, impact on price reaction function
, 318–319
Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm
, 366
Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE)
, 8, 306, 311, 321
Mean group (MG) estimator
, 332–333
Medicaid
, 64–66, 109
Medical expenditure
, 23–52
Medical malpractice
, 235–257
empirical analysis
, 240–241, 244–247
existing evidence and limitations
, 242–252
future research
, 255–257
liability pressure
, 252–255
theoretical expectations
, 238–240
Medicare
, 65, 274
Part B program
, 106
Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey
, 70
Mental health expenditures
, 316–317
Mental health outcomes
, 314
Metropolis-Hastings algorithm
, 371
Microeconometrics
, 59, 60
“Minimum Standards for Hospitals” program
, 287
Mixed EAA (MEAA) model
, 95–96
Mixed logit (MXT) model
, 88–91, 92
Mixed proportional hazard (MPH) model
, 207–208, 209
Monte Carlo integration
, 370, 371
Moral hazard
, 24, 46, 57
Mortality of deprivation
, 313
Mother’s labour supply, effect of child health at birth on
, 176, 178, 180–181
Multicollinearity
, 86
Multinomial logit (MNT) model
, 86–88
generalised
, 91, 92
hospital’s quality competition
, 268
Multiple price list (MPL) method
, 8, 9
National Health Interview Survey
, 107–109
National Health Service (NHS)
, 2, 110, 290
Natural field experiments
, 4, 5
Neighbourhood, effect on health
, 313–314
Net benefit regression framework (NBRF)
to cost-effectiveness analysis
, 124–141
criticisms of
, 125–126
New Chemical Entities (NCEs)
, 202
Newton–Raphson algorithm
, 370
No fault system
, 237
Non-parametric estimation
anchoring vignettes
, 148–150
R&D hazard function
, 207
Non-profit hospitals, quality of
, 275–278
Objective health measures
, 62–63
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
, 68
OECD countries, healthcare expenditures in
, 327–344, 349–358
Offset effects
, 65
Ontario Hospital Association
, 290
Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation
, 125, 126, 144, 186–190, 192, 193, 272, 292, 309, 313
FMOLS (Fully Modified OLS) estimation
, 339
relationship with SUR and GMM
, 129–130
Oregon Health Insurance Experiment
, 64–65
ORYX program
, 290
Out-of-pocket (OOP) payments
, 46, 47
Outpatient expenditure
, 28
Outpatient hospital admissions
, 312–313
Overuse of treatments
, 237, 238, 240–241
Pain and suffering (P&S)
, 242, 249–251
Panel ARDL modeling
, 327–329, 331, 349–351
long-and short-run estimation of healthcare expenditure with
, 335–339, 352–357
Panel cointegration tests
, 339, 341–354, 358
Parametric estimation
anchoring vignettes
, 150–151
Parental investments to child’s health endowment at birth
, 175–193, 197–199
conceptual framework
, 178–179
data and sample selection
, 184–185
econometric strategy
, 179–183
estimation results
, 186–193
Partial Likelihood method
, 209, 210
Patents
, 329–330
Patient satisfaction
, 289–290
Peer review
, 290
Penalized log-likelihood approach
, 365–367
computational costs of
, 367
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
, 109
Pharmaceutical R&D
, 201–228
determinants of
, 214–225
failure
, 204–210
estimation strategy
, 208–209
hazard function
, 205–208
time-varying characteristics and effects
, 209–210
measures of innovation
, 223–225
nature of
, 203–204
productivity
, 202
successful transition to next stage
, 210–225
control
, 212–213
estimation strategy
, 212
Phillips-Perron (PP) test
, 331, 332, 335
Piano nazionale esiti (PNE)
, 291
Pooled mean group (PMG) estimator
, 333
Predictive value of expectations
, 42–46
Pretrial screening
, 242
Probability equivalent (PE) method
, 8
Program in Assertive Community Treatment
, 130–140
background of data
, 131–132
background of study
, 130–131
characterizing uncertainty
, 138–140
equation-by-equation estimation
, 134–136
estimation strategies
, 132–134
simultaneous equations estimation
, 137–138
Prospective payment systems (PPS)
, 291, 299
Public Health England
, 2
Public health expenditures
, 316, 317
Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY)
, 6
Quality-related life measures
, 63
Quasi difference-in-difference (DiD) model
, 269–270
Quasi-experimental design
, 147
Quasi-maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE)
, 334
QUIC algorithm
, 367
RAND Health Insurance Experiment (RAND HIE)
, 63–64
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
, 1–6
bias in
, 5
types of
, 4–5
Random utility models
, 87
Reduced-form methods
, 59–61, 69, 71
Regional malpractice liability funds
, 237
Regression analysis
, 306
Regression Discontinuity (RD)
, 59
Regression Kink (RK)
, 59
Rehabilitation
, 66–67
Relative efficiency assessment, methods of
, 294–297
Reporting heterogeneity
, 146–148, 156, 165
Research and development (R&D)
expenditure
, 330
in pharmaceutical industry
, 201–228
control
, 212–213
determinants of
, 214–222
estimation strategy
, 212
failure
, 204–210
measures of innovation
, 223–225
nature of
, 203–204
productivity
, 202
successful transition to next stage
, 210–225
Response consistency
, 147
Revealed preference (RP) data
, 86
Reverse causality
, 273
Risk adjustment
, 290, 295, 298
Risk aversion
, 47
Risk preferences
, 6–7
Risk-taking measurement
, 7–9
SARAR model
, 306, 315
SARMA (spatial lag and moving average model) model
, 317
SAR-Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model
, 312, 317, 320
Scale-based self-assessed approach
, 7–8
Scale heterogeneity
, 91–92
Scale of reference bias
, 62
Schedules damages
, 252
Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR)
critique in cost-effectiveness analysis
, 126–127
relationship with GMM and OLS
, 129–130
Self-reported mobility (SRM), empirical assessment of
, 145–166, 169–174
SEM-GMM model
, 313
Semi-parametric models
R&D hazard function
, 207–208
SEM-SUR panel model
, 312
SF-12
, 298
SF-36
, 298
Sick leave insurance
, 66–67
Simultaneous equations estimation
, 137–138
Smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty
, 366, 368
Social insurance
, 57–73
accident insurance (workers compensation)
, 68
disability insurance
, 69–70
health econometric evidence
empirical methods
, 59–61
objective health measures
, 62–63
quality-related life measures
, 63
subjective self-reported health measures
, 62
long-term care insurance
, 70–71
Oregon health insurance experiment
, 64–65
RAND Health Insurance Experiment (RAND HIE)
, 63–64
sick leave insurance and rehabilitation
, 66–67
statutory pension insurance
, 71–72
unemployment insurance
, 71
Social Security Administration
, 106
Social Services Performance Rating (SSPR)
, 317
Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP)
, 63, 70
Spatial approach to hospital competition
, 271–273
Spatial autoregressive model
, 360
Spatial dependence
, 305–307, 311, 314, 316–318
Spatial Durbin lag model
, 306, 317, 320
Spatial econometrics, graphical models in
, 362–363
Spatial error model (SEM)
, 306, 310, 314, 316
Spatial health econometrics (SHE)
, 305–322
health care expenditures
, 315–318
health needs
, 314
health outcomes, risk factors and health needs
, 312–315
health resources, allocation of
, 315–318
hospital competition and agglomeration
, 318–320
risk factors
, 313
spatial models
, 309–312
spatial weights
, 307–309
Spatial lag autoregressive model (SAR)
, 306, 310–314, 316, 319, 362
Spatial lag operator
, 309
Spatial models
, 309–312
Spatial panel data model
, 310–311, 316
Spatial weight matrix
, 307, 308
Spatial weights
, 307–309
Standard Gamble (SG) method
, 6
Standardization
, 295
State dependent reporting bias
, 62
Status of limitations
, 242
Statutory pension insurance
, 71–72
Stochastic dominance
, 156, 158–160, 170–174
Stochastic frontier approach (SFA)
, 292, 293
Structural methods
, 60, 61, 67, 70
Subjective probability, of medical expenditures and insurance
, 23–52
belief elicitation
, 27–28
expectations influence on insurance decision
, 46–50
face validity and formation of expectations
household-specific mean, predictors of
, 35–41
revisions to expectations
, 41–42
forecasts and realizations, comparison of
expected and realized expenditures, correlation between
, 34–35
forecast medical expenditure distributions, moments of
, 32–34
medical expenditure data
, 28–29
predictive value of expectations
, 42–46
sampling design
, 26–27
validity of
distribution of responses
, 31–32
illogical responses
, 30–31
response rates
, 29–30
Subjective self-reported health measures
, 62
Supply of health care services, immigration and
, 112
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
, 145, 148, 151, 153, 154, 165
Synthetic Control Group Method (SCGM)
, 59, 60
Tariffs, effect on quality
, 274–275
Taylor approximation
, 122
Technology, effects on healthcare expenditures
, 329–330
Temporary Disability Insurance
, 67
TIGER
, 369
Time preferences
, 6–7
measurement of
, 9–10
Time Trade Off (TTO) method
, 6
Tort reforms
, 242, 243, 248
Trade-off approach
, 8
Transportation costs
, 265, 266
Treatment selection, medical liability effects on
, 241
Truncated Normal distribution
, 371
Truven Health Analytics
, 290
Two-stage least square estimation (2SLS)
, 186–193
Ufficio federale per la sanità pubblica (UFSP)
, 290
Underuse of treatments
, 237, 238, 240–241
Unemployment insurance (UI)
, 71
UNI-EN-ISO-9000 certification
, 288
United Kingdom (UK)
Cabinet Office
, 3
Nudge Unit
, 2
Department of Health
, 2
Labor Force Survey
, 112
United States (US)
Earned Income Credit
, 59
Health and Retirement Survey
, 8
Social Security Notch
, 59
Unit root tests
, 335–339
Vignette equivalence
, 147
Virtual experiments
, 5
Visa status
, 107
VISION-2000 version
, 288
Westerlund ECM test, for panel cointegration
, 341–343
Willingness to pay (WTP)
, 87–88
space, in estimation of
, 91–93
Workers compensation (WC)
, 68
Workhorse models
, 86–91
Working conditions, immigration effect on
, 111–112
Work-related risks, immigration effect on
, 111–112
- Prelims
- CHAPTER 1 Experimental Methods and Behavioral Insights in Health Economics: Estimating Risk and Time Preferences in Health
- CHAPTER 2 Subjective Expectations of Medical Expenditures and Insurance in Rural Ethiopia
- CHAPTER 3 Social Insurance and Health
- CHAPTER 4 Discrete Choice Methods in Health Economics
- CHAPTER 5 Migration, Health, and Well-being: Models and Methods
- CHAPTER 6 Econometric Considerations When Using the Net Benefit Regression Framework to Conduct Cost-effectiveness Analysis
- CHAPTER 7 Anchoring Vignettes and Cross-country Comparability: An Empirical Assessment of Self-reported Mobility
- CHAPTER 8 Response of Parental Investments to Child’s Health Endowment at Birth
- CHAPTER 9 R&D Success in Pharmaceutical Markets: A Duration Model Approach
- CHAPTER 10 Medical Malpractice: How Legal Liability Affects Medical Decisions
- CHAPTER 11 Hospital Economics: The Effect of Competition, Tariffs and Non-profit Status on Quality
- CHAPTER 12 Administrative Data and Health Outcome Assessment: Methodology and Application
- CHAPTER 13 Spatial Health Econometrics
- CHAPTER 14 Cross-country Medical Expenditure Modeling Using OECD Panel Data and ARDL Approach: Investigating GDP, Technology, and Aging Effects
- CHAPTER 15 Large Network Inference: New Insights in Health Economics
- About the Volume Editors
- Index