Improving Resident Outcomes in State Medicaid Nursing Facility Long-Term Care Programs: Augmenting CMS Surveys with Modest Changes to a Few State Program Features

Abstract

Purpose

Federal and state governments collaborate on state Medicaid nursing facility long-term care (SMNF-LTC) programs. These programs are increasingly expensive as the baby-boomers retire. Yet serious resident outcome problems continue in spite of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) extensive process-focused regulatory efforts. This study identifies a promising and simpler auxiliary path for improving resident outcomes.

Methodology/approach

Drawing on a longitudinal (1997–2005), 48-state data set and panel-corrected, time-series regression, we compare the effects on resident outcomes of CMS process-focused surveys and four minimally regulated program structural features on which the states vary considerably.

Findings

We find that each of these four structural features exerts a greater effect on resident outcomes than process quality.

Research limitations/implications

We suggest augmenting current process-focused regulation with a less arduous approach of more extensive regulation of these program features.

Originality/values of chapter

To date SMNF-LTC program regulation has focused largely on member facility processes. While regulating processes is appropriate, we show that regulating program structural features directly, an arguably easier task, might well produce considerable improvement in the quality of resident outcomes.

Citation

Lockhart, C., Klopfenstein, K., Giles-Sims, J. and Coghlan, C. (2014), "Improving Resident Outcomes in State Medicaid Nursing Facility Long-Term Care Programs: Augmenting CMS Surveys with Modest Changes to a Few State Program Features", Technology, Communication, Disparities and Government Options in Health and Health Care Services (Research in the Sociology of Health Care, Vol. 32), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 213-234. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920140000032021