Index

Gendering Struggles against Informal and Precarious Work

ISBN: 978-1-78769-368-5, eISBN: 978-1-78769-367-8

ISSN: 0198-8719

Publication date: 10 December 2018

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2018), "Index", Gendering Struggles against Informal and Precarious Work (Political Power and Social Theory, Vol. 35), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 169-177. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0198-871920180000035009

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Act of Equal Employment and Support for Work-Family Reconciliation
, 165n4

Act on Protection of Fixed-Term and Part-Time Employees
, 165n4

Action Center for Women’s Unemployment
, 154

AFSCME
, 73n5, 133

AIDWA
, 41

AITUC
, 52–53

AKKKU
, 39–40, 47

Alt-labor movement
, 2, 64

gender, immigration, and women’s leadership
, 65–69

Ambassadors Program
, 72

American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)
, 21, 64, 70

Asian Financial Crisis
, 153

BC Federation of Labour (BCFED)
, 118n1

BC Government and Employees Union (BCGEU)
, 118n1

Black women worker’s identity
, 132–133

Bracero Program
, 96n9

“Breadwinner reproductive bargain”
, 150

British Columbia, organizing domestic workers in
, 102–103

British Columbia Supreme Court (BCSC)
, 102

“Bronx Slave Market”
, 61–62

Building recognition and reversing shame
, 40–45

Building Service Employees International Union (SEIU)
, 130, 133

CACEH/SINACTRAHO
, 135, 142n5

Canada

collective organizing without collective workplace
, 109–112

domestic workers
, 18

domestic workers and/or domestic work
, 114–116

Employment Equity Act
, 117

female domestic workers
, 18

Filipino domestic workers in
, 16

gender, stepwise migration, and mobilization
, 112–114

LCP in
, 104, 106–107

organizing domestic workers in
, 102

regulatory environment for FDM
, 105–109

Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)
, 108

Canadian Labour Congress (CLC)
, 118n1

Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE)
, 118n1

Capital
, 150

development scripts on
, 37–39

Capitalism
, 21–22, 30–31

“dual systems” approach to
, 32

dualist vs. unitary system of
, 32–34

market-based or neoliberal
, 8

neoliberal
, 8

Caregiver Program (see Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP))

Casual workers (see “Sub-contracted” workers)

Catholic Worker Youth movement (JOC movement)
, 131

Center for Support and Training of Household Employees (CACEH)
, 13, 131–132, 138

Child Labour Act
, 39

Child Welfare Committee
, 39

CIVIC
, 46, 48

Civil Rights Act
, 62

Classification struggles
, 124

Collective action

gender as organizing principle of
, 11–14

gender effects on workers’
, 4

Collective efforts to challenge precarity and informality
, 2

Collective of Indigenous Women Domestic Household Workers (COLMITH)
, 131–132, 136–137

Collective of Indigenous Women Household Workers
, 125

Collective organizing without collective workplace
, 109–112

Committee for Domestic Workers and Caregiver Rights (CDWCR)
, 118n1

Communist Party of India (CPI)
, 53

Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPM)
, 41

CONLACTRAHO
, 132

Consciousness-raising approach
, 159–160

Construction work
, 34, 36

dualist model of
, 45–48

Construction workers’ struggles, gender in
, 14–15

Containers
, 92

Crisis, The
, 61

Cultural activities
, 110

“Cunning of history”
, 38

“Dangerous liaison” with neoliberal states
, 149–151

Data triangulation
, 83

Day labor
, 61–63

new forms of organizing
, 63–65

Day laborers
, 60, 63–64

gendered patterns of organizing among
, 69–72

organizing demands
, 60

Decommodification struggles
, 150

gendered politics of
, 153–155

Deep systemic transformation
, 116

Delhi Garelu Kamgar Sangathan (DGKS)
, 42–44, 50

Delhi Shramik Sangatan
, 50

Development scripts
, 37

and feminist opportunities
, 39–40

on gender and capital
, 37–39

Dismantling of wage standards
, 8

Domestic helpers
, 151, 159

Domestic work
, 26n4, 34–35, 61–63, 114–116, 151

and feminist NGOs as livelihood strategy
, 155–158

in India
, 50–51

in Mexico and US
, 125–128

new forms of organizing
, 63–65

unitary model of
, 40–45

Domestic workers
, 42, 60–61, 63–64, 114–116

activism of
, 128–129

activists
, 142n2

gender in domestic workers’ struggles
, 12–14

gendered patterns of organizing among
, 69–72

in India
, 35

interviews with
, 34–35

in Mexico and US
, 127–128

mobilizations
, 11

movement
, 72, 123

organizations
, 13, 40

practical difficulties of organizing
, 161–162

Domestic Workers United (DWU)
, 133

Domestic Workers’ Forum (DWF)
, 41

Double bind of manhood
, 85–86

masculine differences
, 86–89

Double movement
, 150

“Dual systems” approach
, 14–15, 32–33

Dualist

model of construction
, 45–48

of patriarchy and capitalism
, 32–34

Economic “self-reliance”
, 149

Elite feminists and unions
, 128–130

Emancipatory movements
, 150

Embodiment
, 48

Employment Insurance Act
, 165n4

Employment Retirement Benefit Security Act
, 165n4

Employment Security Act
, 164n4

Employment Standards Act
, 106

Empowerment
, 149

Encampment, masculinity in
, 90–94

Entrepreneurial activity
, 69

Entrepreneurialism
, 21, 70–71

Equal Remuneration Act
, 46

Equal Right Equal Pay
, 46

Exclusionary axis, gender as
, 50–51

Fair Labor Standards Act
, 61

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) (FLSA)
, 130

Federation of Women Workers Trade Unions (FWTU)
, 154, 165n12

FEDINA
, 47

Female-dominated leadership and membership
, 23

Female/feminist (see also Masculinities)

consciousness
, 67

female-dominated occupations
, 17

female-headed households
, 44

immigrants
, 67

opportunities
, 39–40

scholars
, 81

theory
, 53

Feminist NGOs
, 148

and domestic work as livelihood strategy
, 155–158

South Korean feminist
, 149–151

Filipino community in Vancouver
, 115

Filipino domestic workers
, 103–104, 107

collective organizing without collective workplace
, 109–112

gender, stepwise migration, and mobilization
, 112–114

Foreign Domestic Workers (FDM)
, 105

regulatory environment for
, 105–109

Formal work (see also Informal work)
, 8

Frame alignment
, 13, 124

Frame bridging
, 13, 124

Framework Act on Social Security
, 165n9

Gender
, 2, 3, 80–82, 112–114, 122

of alt-labor movement
, 65–69

as connector across social institutions
, 51–52

in construction workers’ struggles
, 14–15

development scripts on
, 37–39

effectiveness
, 23–24

effects on workers’ collective action
, 4

equality
, 65

as exclusionary axis
, 50–51

beyond gendered division of labor
, 15–17

as hindrance to labor organizing
, 49–50

informal workers’ reformist politics
, 21–23

interests
, 124

as necessary
, 52–53

as organizing principle of collective action
, 11–14

relations
, 66

relationship with other identities
, 19–21

scripts
, 104

theory research in masculinity area
, 80

women’s leadership and membership
, 17–19

“Gender and development” scholars (GAD scholars)
, 37–38

“Gender-specific experiences of low-wage immigrant workers”
, 11

Gendered labor subjects re-constitution
, 37

development scripts and feminist opportunities
, 39–40

development scripts on gender and capital
, 37–39

dualist model of construction
, 45–48

embodiment
, 48

unitary model of domestic work
, 40–45

Gendered labor subjects re-shaping labor organizing
, 49

exclusionary axis, gender as
, 50–51

gender as necessary
, 52–53

labor organizing, gender as hindrance to
, 49–50

social institutions, gender as connector across
, 51–52

Gendered politics of decommodification struggles
, 153–155

Gendered status
, 82

Geographies of organizing
, 111–112

Ghar Kamgar Sangathana
, 51

Gharelu Kamgaar Sangh (GKS)
, 40

Gharkamgar Molkarni Sanghatana
, 52

Globalization
, 80–81

Grassroots priorities
, 158–161

Great Compression
, 61

Great Depression
, 62

Guest worker

across history and geography
, 83–85

labor camps
, 90

Gulf Cooperative Countries (GCC)
, 84, 96n5, 96n6

Health Employees Union (HEU)
, 118n1

Hegemonic masculinities
, 80–82

construction
, 89–94

Hegemonic masculinities (see also Masculinities)
, 80–82

construction
, 89–94

Hegemony
, 89

Heteronormativity
, 89

Home-based workers
, 142n3

Homecare-worker unions
, 133

House managers
, 159

Household-worker mobilization in US
, 130

Housework
, 151

Identity claims
, 124

“Identity-based movements”
, 3

Immigrant organizing

gendered patterns among day laborers and domestic workers
, 69–72

new forms of
, 63–65

Immigration of alt-labor movement
, 65–69

India

connecting theory to praxis
, 32–34

construction work
, 34, 36

domestic work in
, 34–35, 50–51

domestic workers in
, 18, 35

domestic workers’ organizations in
, 17, 40

female domestic workers
, 18

gendered labor subjects re-constitution
, 37–48

gendered labor subjects re-shape labor organizing
, 49–53

informal worker organizations in
, 13–14

marginal workers
, 19

NGOs and community-based groups
, 12

patriarchy–capitalism relationship
, 30–32

Indian labor unions
, 40

Indian manufacturing
, 54n1

India–NAWA Oil Industry Migratory Circuit
, 84–85

India–NAWA–US migratory pathway
, 84

Individualistic orientation of day laborers
, 70

Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act
, 165n4

Informal labor
, 30–31

Informal work
, 2, 8, 141n1

conceptualization through gendered lens
, 7–11

gender as organizing principle of collective action
, 11–14

Informal workers
, 2–5, 10, 23, 30–31, 122

collective action strategies
, 11–12

female leadership and membership
, 18–19

movements
, 7, 12, 31

organizations
, 7, 23, 31

organizations in India
, 13–14

reformist politics
, 21–23

struggles
, 30–35

women leaders
, 18

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
, 129

International Domestic Workers Federation (IDWF)
, 132, 149

International Labour Organisation (ILO)
, 17, 37

International Migrants Alliance (IMA)
, 118n1

International Monetary Fund (IMF)
, 153

Intersectional forms of subordinated masculinity
, 80

Intersectional histories (see also Overdetermined fortunes)
, 122–123, 128

elite feminists and unions
, 128–130

literature on
, 123–125

new social movements
, 130–134

Intersectional identities
, 124

Intersectionality
, 32–33

Intimate labor
, 71

“Intra-country migrant” identity
, 138–139

INTUC
, 45

Job segregation
, 69

Karnataka State Construction Workers Central Union (KSCWCU)
, 48

Korean Chinese migrant women
, 152–153

Korean Women Workers Association (KWWA)
, 13, 149–151, 154–155, 157, 164n2, 165n10

NHMC
, 156

Self-sufficiency Promotion Center
, 158–159

Korean Women’s Development Institute
, 164n3

Korean Women’s Trade Union (KWTU)
, 154, 156–157

Labor brokerage firms
, 96n6

Labor movements
, 3

Labor organizing/organizers

gender as hindrance to
, 49–50

re-constituting gendered labor subjects
, 37–48

Labor rights
, 3, 10

Labor Standards Act (1953)
, 164n4

Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA)
, 109

Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP)
, 104, 106–107, 109, 114

“Live-in” domestic workers
, 35

“Live-out” domestic workers
, 35

Low Skill Pilot Program
, 103

Low-skill TFW programs
, 108

Low-wage immigrant workers
, 60, 65

Male-breadwinner reproductive bargain
, 153

Marginalized women workers
, 137–138

Marginalized workers
, 134

“Market-based” capitalism
, 8

Marxist feminist
, 33

Masculine differences
, 86–89

Masculine vulnerabilities
, 80

double bind of manhood
, 85–89

hegemonic masculinity construction
, 89–94

migration, gender, and masculinity studies
, 80–82

multisite ethnography
, 82–83

Masculinities (see also Female/feminist; Hegemonic masculinities)
, 80

in encampment
, 90–94

exploitation
, 82

gender theory research in
, 80

guest workers across history and geography
, 83–85

studies
, 80–82

Mexican National Network of Domestic Workers
, 131

Mexican Telephone Workers’ Union (STRM)
, 132

Mexico

domestic work
, 125–128

domestic workers’ organizations
, 17

domestic-worker activism in
, 129

domestic-worker organizing
, 122

female domestic workers
, 18

intersectional histories
, 128–134

marginal workers
, 19

overdetermined fortunes
, 134–140

worker’s methodology
, 125

Migrant Workers’ Centre (see West Coast Domestic Workers’ Association (WCDWA))

Migrante BC
, 5, 11, 13, 16–18, 102–103, 105, 110, 116, 117–118n1

Migrante organizers
, 103–104

Migrante’s approach
, 104–105

Migration
, 80–82

Minimum Wage Act
, 164n4

Ministry of Employment and Labor
, 165n6

Ministry of Gender Equality and Family
, 165n5

Mobilization
, 112–114

MORENA
, 138

Mujeres Unidas y Activas (MUA)
, 133

Multicultural working women’s identity
, 133

Multisite ethnography
, 82–83

Mutually constitutive identities
, 3

Nari Shakti Manch
, 39

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
, 61

National Association of Domestic Workers (ANTD)
, 129–130

National Committee on Household Employment (NCHE)
, 130

National Day Laborer Organizing Network (NDLON)
, 64, 70

National Domestic Workers Alliance (NDWA)
, 64, 71, 125, 134–135

National House Managers Cooperative (NHMC)
, 16, 149–151, 156–157, 159, 162, 164n2, 166n19

consciousness-raising approach
, 159–160

Organizational Development
, 156

pressure campaign
, 162

National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
, 61, 130

National Network
, 135

National Sample Survey (NSS)
, 35, 54n2

National Statistics Office
, 151

National Union of Men and Women Domestic Workers (SINACTRAHO)
, 23–24, 132, 138

NDWM-Delhi
, 49–50

Neoliberal

capitalism
, 8

forces
, 38

powers
, 38–39

Network of Women Household Workers of Guerrero State (RMEHO)
, 131–132, 136

New Deal law
, 61–62, 130

New international division of labor
, 81

New social movements
, 3, 130–134

New York City “slave market”
, 65

New York City-based Domestic Workers Union
, 130

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
, 148, 155

role in welfare provision
, 165n13

Noncitizenship
, 116

North Africa and West Asia (NAWA)
, 78–79, 95–96n1, 96n2

Northern California Coalition for Immigrant Rights
, 133

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
, 165n5

Overcrowded trailers
, 92

Overdetermined fortunes (see also Intersectional histories)
, 122–123, 134–135

COLMITH and RMEHO
, 136–137

contemporary US domestic-worker organizations
, 137

“intra-country migrant” identity
, 138–139

literature on
, 123–125

marginalized women workers
, 137–138

NDWA
, 135–136

sympathy without solidarity
, 139

US domestic-worker movement
, 139–140

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)
, 115

Paid domestic workforce in South Korea
, 151–153

Paid women workers
, 125–126

Patriarchy
, 30–31

“dual systems” approach to
, 32

dualist vs. unitary system of
, 32–34

Patriarchy–capitalism relationship
, 30–32

“Pink-collar jobs”
, 17

Political opportunity structure
, 123

Political process theory of social movements
, 123

“Politics of recognition” of feminized occupations
, 42

Precarious work
, 2, 8–9

conceptualization through gendered lens
, 7–11

gender as organizing principle of collective action
, 11–14

Precarious workers
, 2–5, 10

Precarity
, 8

Productive welfarism
, 155

Professionalism
, 21, 160

Public-sector unionism
, 65

Pune Zila Ghar Kamgar Sangathana
, 41

Racialized minorities
, 134

Radcliffe seminar
, 4–5

Ranchero masculinity
, 69

“Recognition”
, 42

Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs)
, 39

Resource mobilization theory
, 123

“Respectable femininities”
, 43

Rhetoric of hegemonic masculinity
, 91

Salaried Domestic Workers’ Support Center (CATDA)
, 131, 136

“Self-employed” workers
, 35

Self-sufficiency Promotion Centers
, 155

Seoul Women Workers Trade Union (SWTU)
, 154, 165n12

Sexual Harassment Committee
, 45–46

Shramik Mahila Morcha
, 41

Social institutions, gender as connector across
, 51–52

Social relationship
, 10

Social reproduction
, 33–34, 104, 115–116

Social Security Act
, 61

Socialist feminist
, 33

South Korea

domestic workers’ organizations
, 17, 22

female domestic workers
, 18

feminist labor NGOs in
, 17

gendered politics of decommodification struggles
, 153–155

grassroots priorities, harsh realities
, 158–161

NGOs in
, 23

paid domestic workforce
, 151–153

practical difficulties of organizing domestic workers
, 161–162

South Korean feminist labor NGOs
, 149–151

workers’ identity
, 21

Sponsoring employers
, 78–79, 82–83, 86, 90, 93

Standard employment relationship (SER)
, 9–10, 26n3, 30–31

“Standing claims”
, 124

State regulation
, 30

Statistics Korea
, 165n5

Stepwise migration in Canada
, 112–114

Stereotypes of feminine docility
, 13

Strategy-Organizing-Leadership (SOL)
, 135

“Sub-contracted” workers
, 36

Subordinated masculinities
, 81

Suburban Sweatshops (Gordon)
, 64

Sympathy without solidarity
, 134, 139

Tactical subjectivities
, 13

Tally’s Corner (Liebow)
, 62

Temporary foreign worker program (TFW program)
, 103, 108

Temporary workers
, 90

industries
, 78

programs
, 82, 85–86

Theory to praxis
, 32–34

Trabajo doméstico
, 151

“Tragic linearity”
, 117

UNIFOR
, 118n1

Unitary model

of domestic work
, 40–45

of exploitation
, 32

of patriarchy and capitalism
, 32–34

United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW)
, 118n1

United States (US)

day labor
, 61–63

domestic work
, 61–63, 125–128

domestic-worker activism in
, 129

domestic-worker organizing
, 122

female domestic workers
, 18

gendered patterns of organizing
, 69–72

Guest Worker Program
, 78–80, 83–85

intersectional histories
, 128–134

male and female immigrants
, 60

migrant labor camps
, 78

new forms of organizing
, 63–65

oil industry
, 96n3

overdetermined fortunes
, 134–140

professionalism and entrepreneurialism
, 21

race and ethnicity of US domestic workers
, 127

worker’s methodology
, 125

workers’ identity
, 20

United Steelworkers (USW)
, 118n1

Vancouver and District Labour Council (VDLC)
, 118n1

Wage Claim Guarantee Act
, 164–165n4

Wage Theft in America (Bobo)
, 64

West Coast Domestic Worker Association (WCDWA)
, 108–109, 117–118n1

“Women in development” scholars (WID scholars)
, 37–38

Women in Informal Employment Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO)
, 164n1

Women workers
, 128, 138

marginalized
, 137–138

Women’s leadership

of alt-labor movement
, 65–69

and membership
, 17–19

Word Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (2012)
, 38

Worker centers
, 60, 64–66

movement
, 64–65

Workers Action Center (WAC)
, 118n1

Working women
, 122–123

World Bank
, 37

Worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment (WUNC)
, 124

YWCA
, 130, 152, 164n2, 166n14, 166n17