Index

Rethinking the Colonial State

ISBN: 978-1-78714-655-6, eISBN: 978-1-78714-654-9

ISSN: 0198-8719

Publication date: 20 December 2017

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2017), "Index", Rethinking the Colonial State (Political Power and Social Theory, Vol. 33), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 227-239. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0198-871920170000033011

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Abd al-Krim
, 153, 160, 163–164, 167–169

Accord of Al-Rajima
, 161

African colonial state
, 113

African slaves
, 88

mass importation of
, 93–94

Agency
, 14–15

of subaltern
, 182–184

Agricultural production
, 73

Ahmed Bey
, 156

Akramah treaty
, 161

al-Akhdar, Jabal
, 153

Aldeamentos
, 122, 123

Algiers
, 157

Algiers, France’s occupation of
, 156

Alhucemas Bay
, 168

al-Jumhuriyya al-Riffia
, 164

al-Khattabis
, 153, 160, 163–164, 167–169

All Trinidad Sugar Estates and Factory Workers Trade Union (ATSE)
, 187–188

al-Mokhtar, Omar
, 153, 165–166, 169, 170

al-Qadir, Abd
, 156

al-Raisuli, Ahmed
, 159

al-Sanusi, Muhammad bin Ali
, 157, 161

Altmittelstand
, 134

American slave societies
, 91

Anemia
, 31

Angola
, 123

administration in
, 110–111

bureaucracy
, 110, 111–112

Cela and Matala
, 121

general census
, 111

investment
, 121

Anker, Peter
, 51, 54–55, 72–73

Apex Oilfields
, 186

Apia
, 210

municipal government
, 207–208

traders and planters
, 208

Arendt, Hannah
, 131

Army of occupation
, 115

Army of the Philippine Republic
, 28

Ashford, Bailey
, 31

Asphalt workers
, 186, 187

Assuntos ultramarinos
, 123

ATSE. See All Trinidad Sugar Estates and Factory Workers Trade Union (ATSE)

Authoritarian bio-power
, 23

Authoritarian governmentality
, 23, 25

Ayuntamiento
, 33, 44n1

Bang, Oluf L.
, 63–64

Belgium Congo
, 119

Berlin Act of 1889
, 210–211

Berlin Conference 1889
, 204, 209–211

Berlin Congress (1884-1885)
, 154, 158

Berman, Bruce
, 132

Biopolitics
, 22, 23

balance between sovereign power and
, 23

classic notion of
, 24

Philippines
, 28–30

Puerto Rico
, 30–32

Bismarck, Herbert von
, 204

Bismarck, Otto von
, 208

Blacklock, William
, 209

Board of Trade
, 57, 58, 73

Bodin, Jean
, 94

Bourdieu, Pierre
, 4–5, 16n2

Bricolage
, 113

Bringing the State Back In (Evans, Rueschemeyer, and Skocpol)
, 4

British Labor Party
, 191

British West Indies, subaltern resistance
, 184

Bureaucratic structures
, 180

Bureau of Education, Philippines
, 38–39

Burke, Edmund
, 3

Bussolini, J.
, 22

Butler, Tubal Uriah “Buzz,”
, 186, 187, 192

Cahora Bassa mega-dam, Mozambique
, 122, 123

Cedercrantz, Conrad
, 211

Cela
, 121

Center for Political and Social Studies of the Overseas Provinces Research Board
, 119

Centers for Tourism and Information (CIT)
, 119

Centralization, utility of
, 73

Chamberlain, Neville
, 191

Chambers, William L.
, 216

Chancellor, J. R.
, 188

Chatterjee, P.
, 2, 8

Christian V
, 88

Cipriani, Arthur
, 187

Clark, Victor
, 32

Cleveland, Grover
, 209

Cold War
, 118

College de France
, 85

Colonial Act of 1930
, 111, 119

Colonialism by deferral
, 15, 219–222

See also Samoa, tridominium in

Colonial political field
, 16n2

Colonial state

agency and resistance
, 14–15

attributes lacking in
, 3

autonomy
, 114

comparative analysis of
, 48–50

conceptualization
, 48

contingent accommodation
, 113

governmental rationality
, 23

metropolitan vs.
, 48–50

nationalism as threat to
, 3

overview
, 1–4

variations
, 3

violence
, 10–14

See also governmentality; police/policing; slavery; specific state

Colonizers
, 178–182

colonizer-transfer theories
, 178–179

governmentality
, 179–180

violence
, 180–182

Colonizer-transfer theories
, 178–179

Colquhoun, Patrick
, 98–99

Comaroff, John
, 3

Commandement
, 23

Congo, Belgian rule in
, 16n3

Constitutional Revision of 1951
, 112, 119

Contingent accommodation
, 113

Cooper, F.
, 8, 11, 183

Corps of Local Militia
, 120

Cyrenaica

anti-colonial mobilization
, 163–166

inter-tribal cohesion
, 158

pacification
, 159–162

precolonial political topography
, 155–158

territorialization
, 169–170

See also Libya, Italian expansion in

Danish East India Company
, 50

Danish peasantry
, 52–53

See also rural population of Denmark

Danish West India-Guinea Company
, 88, 89

Danish West Indies
, 83

British forces
, 89

as Crown colonies
, 89

domestic enemies
, 94–95

economic structure
, 88

in 18th century
, 87–89

islands of
, 83, 88

political environment of
, 95

slave laws of
, 95–101

slave population
, 83, 88–89

state as practice in
, 105–106

Dawedeit, Georg
, 137

Dean, M.
, 23, 25, 71

De Certeau, Michel
, 138

Delamare, Nicolas
, 100

Denmark

apparatus of poor-relief
, 70–71

metropolitan reformers
, 60

policy of neutrality
, 89

political modernization
, 63

See also Danish West Indies; Tranquebar, colonial state of

The Devil’s Handwriting (Steinmetz)
, 5

DHPG
, 207, 214, 217, 220

Discipline
, 23

defined
, 22

in Philippines
, 37

policing
, 24

in Puerto Rico
, 33–34

tutelary practices
, 24–25

variations of
, 24–25

Dispositif of security. See security dispositif

Droessler, Holger
, 15

Dubber, Markus
, 99–100

Educational system

in Philippines
, 32–35

Puerto Rico
, 35–37

Edwards, Zophia
, 2, 15

Egypt

Ottoman sovereignty
, 157

Sanusi administrative apparatus
, 166

Sanusis attack against British forces in
, 161

Western
, 165

Elkins, Caroline
, 16n3

Emancipation of the Serfs-Act
, 69–70

Empire of information
, 112

Encampment
, 24

Engelhardt, Henning Munch
, 60

English language in schools

Philippines
, 38–40

Puerto Rico
, 40–42

Enlightened despotism
, 94

Enlightenment
, 27

Epistemic community
, 114

Eriksen, Stein Sundstøl
, 2

Eritrea
, 158

Estado Novo
, 111, 119

Ethnic colonization
, 121

Ethnographic capital
, 51, 114

European empires expansion

fiscal-military mechanisms
, 153

interrelated factors of
, 154

second-wave historical sociology of
, 153

third-wave historical sociology of
, 153–154

war and violence in
, 153, 154

Falkner, Roland
, 34

Federated Workers Trade Union (FWTU)
, 188

Fezzan
, 157, 160, 162, 165

See also Libya, Italian expansion in

Filipinos
, 26

guerilla warfare tactics
, 28

The Filipino Teacher’s Manual
, 35–37

Fiscal pact
, 115

Five Year Plan, in Trinidad and Tobago
, 193–194

Fletcher, A. G. M.
, 188, 190, 193

Forced labor recruitment
, 113

Forster Report
, 192

Fortesque, Earl
, 192

Foucault, Michel
, 4, 54, 82–83

on governmentality
, 22–23, 24, 85

on security
, 61–62

on state
, 85–87

Founding violence
, 23

Francois, Elma
, 188

Franklin, Benjamin
, 91

FRELIMO
, 123

French colonies

absolutist nature
, 92–93

slave management
, 92–93

FWTU. See Federated Workers Trade Union (FWTU)

Galbraith, J.
, 154

Galvão, Henrique
, 110

Gardelin, Philip
, 96, 97

Genocide
, 130

German Reichstag
, 130, 208

German Samoa. See Samoa, tridominium in

German Southwest Africa
, 130–144

genocide
, 130

military outposts
, 130

normalized violent practices
, 139–144

police/policing. See Landespolizei

Germany, Samoa and
, 204

Ghachem, Malick
, 102, 105

Ghana
, 88

Giddens, Anthony
, 4

Gilson, Richard P.
, 205–206, 210

GNP
, 112, 119

Go, Julian
, 2

Gold Coast of West Africa
, 88

Gordon, Arthur
, 207

Gott, Richard
, 16n3

Goveia, Elsa
, 96, 99

Governmentality
, 179–180

analytics of
, 86

authoritarian
, 23, 25

balance/configuration of
, 23

concept of
, 22

dispositive of
, 22–25

triangle of
, 22, 23

Governmentalization
, 22–23

Grain trade, in Denmark
, 71

Graziani, Rodolfo
, 162, 169

Great Britain, Samoa and. See Samoa, tridominium in

Greater Agrarian Commission
, 63–65

Green-Pedersen, S. E.
, 106n1

Guerilla warfare tactics
, 28

Guerrilla war
, 166, 170

Guha, Ranajit
, 14

Guinea-Bissau
, 120

Guyana
, 190

Hall of justice
, 33, 44n1

Hansen, W. A.
, 65

Health care
, 71–72

Henningsen, Peter
, 53

Henrichsen, Dag
, 134

Herbst, J.
, 154

Herero
, 130

Hesselberg, Engelbreth
, 99

High Inspectorate for Native Affairs
, 111

Hochschild, Adam
, 16n3

Homo oeconomicus
, 62, 68

Hookworm parasite
, 31–32

Høst, G.
, 106n2

Hume, David
, 91

Husbond
, 66–68

Hydroelectric dams
, 122

Ide, Henry
, 217

Idris, Sayyid Muhammad
, 161

IFTU. See International Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU)

ILO. See International Labor Organization (ILO)

Ilustrados
, 26, 27

Imperialism of knowledge
, 112

Imperial Reckoning (Elkins)
, 16n3

India
, 14

Danish colonialism in
, 50

European sovereigns in
, 72–73

utilizing colonial population
, 72–74

See also Tranquebar, colonial state of

Indigenato system
, 117

Indirect rule
, 221

Industrialization
, 122

Infrastructural power
, 115–116, 178

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Smith)
, 91–92

Insular Police, Puerto Rico
, 30–31

International and State Defense Police
, 119

International Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU)
, 189–191

International Labor Organization (ILO)
, 190

International state system
, 152

Investigative modalities
, 119

Jabal Nefusa
, 157

See also Libya, Italian expansion in

Jaghbub Oasis
, 166, 170

James, C. L. R.
, 183, 194

Jbala
, 159

See also Morocco, Spanish expansion in

Jihad
, 164, 165–166, 168

Joyce, P.
, 131

Karikal, French colony of
, 74

Kelz, Wilhelm
, 142–143

Kennedy, Paul
, 206

Kenya
, 16n3

Kimberly, L. A.
, 209

Kufra
, 165, 169

Labor

in decolonization and democratization
, 184

forced recruitment
, 113

immobilization
, 69

native, exaction of
, 113

See also slavery; slaves

Labor Department, in Trinidad and Tobago
, 193

Labor movement, Trinidad and Tobago
, 185–189

colonial police force
, 188

concessions
, 192

elite response to
, 191–192

global contextual factors
, 189–191

institutional reforms and
, 192–194

international labor activity and
, 189–191

militancy of
, 188–189

multisectoral and multiracial alliances
, 187–188

oil workers. See oil workers, in Trinidad and Tobago

repression
, 191–192

solidarity of workers
, 188

strikes
, 186–187

Laissez-faire
, 62

Land Commission, Samoa
, 210

Landespolizei
, 130, 132, 133

bureaucratic reality
, 137

documentation
, 136

eigensinnig
, 136

interracial organization
, 133–134

missions
, 135–136

normalized violent practices
, 139–144

patrol
, 135, 136, 137–138

policemen
, 133–135, 137

professional culture
, 134

work/tasks/activities
, 135–139

Lange, Matthew
, 2, 182

Late colonial shift
, 116

Late colonial state

administration
, 118–119

autonomy
, 117

development regime
, 114–115

dynamics
, 116–117

emergence of
, 114

fiscal pact
, 115

infrastructural power
, 115–116

lateness of
, 114

open state
, 116

postwar efforts
, 114

repressive developmentalism
, 116–123

revenues
, 115

security apparatus
, 115

transformative process
, 113

Latin America
, 26

Laws and legislation
, 84–85

slave laws
, 95–101

tridominium in Samoa
, 212, 213

League of Nations
, 16n1

Leeward Islands
, 83, 88

See also Danish West Indies

Lefebvre, H.
, 154, 155

Legal practice, strategic formation of
, 84–85

Legg, S.
, 16n1

Liberalization of grain trade
, 71

Libya, Italian expansion in

anti-colonial mobilization
, 163–166

overview
, 152–153

pacification
, 159–162

political topography
, 157, 158

territorialization
, 166–169

Limpopo
, 121

Lindemann, Wilhelm
, 96

Livre noir de la colonialisme (Ferro)
, 16n3

Lüdtke, Alf
, 136

Luzón, Philippines
, 26

Maghrib
, 156

Mahoney, J.
, 179, 181

Malietoa Laupepa
, 210, 213–214, 215, 216–217

Malietoa Talavou
, 208, 209

Malietoa Tanu
, 217

Malthus, Thomas
, 91

Maniagars
, 52, 55–56, 57, 59, 61, 66

Manila, Philippines
, 26

Mann, Michael
, 4

Marginal groups
, 15

Marriage of slaves
, 98

Marronage. See slave marronage

Mata’afa, Iosefa
, 209, 213–214, 216, 217

Matais
, 208

Mau Mau torture hearings
, 16n3

Mbembe, A.
, 11, 12, 23

McCoy, Alfred
, 219

Melilla
, 156–157, 158, 159, 162, 167

Metropolitan vs. colonial state
, 48–50

Ministry of Colonies
, 119

Ministry of Foreign Affairs
, 119

Mission for the Promotion and the Development of the Zambezi
, 123

Mobile interventionism
, 110, 111

Moderate prices
, 73–74

Modern states

governmentalization
, 22–23

governmental techniques
, 22

Monteiro, Armindo
, 111

Montesquieu, C. S.
, 55, 59, 60, 62, 90, 91, 94

Moral corruption
, 110

Morocco, Spanish expansion in

anti-colonial mobilization
, 163–166

overview
, 152–153

pacification
, 159–162

political topography
, 156–157

Rif tribes
, 159–160

territorialization
, 166–169

Mozambique
, 120

Cahora Bassa mega-dam
, 122, 123

investment
, 121

Limpopo
, 121

Mühldorff, Mathias
, 57

Municipal Board, Samoa
, 208

Muschalek, Marie
, 13, 14

Nama
, 130

Namibia. See German Southwest Africa

National Institute of Statistics
, 111

Nationalization
, 110, 112

Nation-state
, 4

Necropolitics
, 11, 23

Necropower
, 11

Neep, Daniel
, 3, 11, 154–155

Neo-Marxist approaches
, 6

Newbury, Colin
, 221

Night-watchman State
, 113, 114

North Africa

pluralistic political order
, 159–162

precolonial political topography
, 155–158

Northern Rhodesia
, 190

Oilfield Workers Trade Union (OWTU)
, 187, 188

Oil workers, in Trinidad and Tobago
, 185–189

concerns raised by
, 186–187

forging organizational links
, 187

OWTU
, 187, 188

social movement unionism
, 186–187

strikes
, 186, 187

sugar workers and
, 187–188

TWA and
, 187

See also labor movement, Trinidad and Tobago

Ordering of resistance
, 116–123

interrelated dimensions
, 117

Organic Charter of the Empire
, 111

Ormsby-Gore, W.
, 192, 193

Ostindisk Kompagni
, 50

Ottoman Empire
, 156, 158, 160–161

Algiers
, 157

Cyrenaica. See Cyrenaica

Egypt. See Egypt

See also Libya, Italian expansion in

Overseas Administrative Reform
, 111

Overseas Organic Law
, 119

Pacification
, 110

Pacific islands

Salisbury’s proposal
, 204, 209–210

Paternalist preservationism
, 222

Patrol logs
, 136

Pensionados
, 38

Philippine-American war
, 27

Philippines

administrators and colonists
, 26

armed revolt
, 27

Christianization
, 26

English language
, 38–40

Hispanization
, 26

ilustrados
, 26, 27

local elite
, 27

monopolistic practices
, 27

pacification
, 28–29

sanitation and personal hygiene
, 29

schools and discipline in
, 32–35

secret polices forces
, 30

Spanish colony of
, 25–28

teachers’ resistance
, 38–40

transition from necropolitics to biopolitics
, 28–30

Physiocrats
, 91

Pilsach, Senfft von
, 211

Plano do Fomento of 1953
, 121

Planters

seigniorial rights of
, 94

slave and
, 94

Police/policing
, 101

colonies
, 100

justice and
, 101

slave laws and
, 99–100

See also Landespolizei

Police/policing, in Tranquebar
, 51–52, 54–61

husbond
, 66–68

maniagars
, 52, 55–56, 57, 59, 61, 66

normalizing individual
, 63–68

villeinage
, 65–66

visiadors
, 52, 55, 56–57, 59, 66

well-being
, 58–59

Poligars
, 57

Political economy
, 22

slavery and
, 91–94

Political economy of wealth
, 91

Polizeidiener
, 134

Polizei Sergeanten
, 134

Portuguese colonialism
, 109–123

bureaucratic expansion
, 119–120

economic integration
, 121

industrialization
, 122

Planos do Fomento
, 121

Psycho-Social Services
, 120

rural resettlement scheme
, 122–123

social transformation
, 120

white settlement schemes
, 121

See also late colonial state

Power

defined
, 131

technologies of
, 54

Power container
, 152

Prakash, Gyan
, 48

Privatization
, 110

The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture (Davis)
, 90

Provincial Settlement Boards (JPP)
, 122

Provisional Puerto Rican Regiment of Infantry
, 30–31

Psycho-Social Services
, 120

Public order
, 95

Public Security Polices
, 120

Puerto Rican Guards
, 30

Puerto Rico

autonomy
, 26

centralized structure
, 32

doctors
, 31–32

English language
, 40–42

hookworm campaign
, 31–32

immigrants
, 25–26

indigenous population
, 26

Insular Police
, 30–31

language
, 26

late nineteenth century
, 26

politics in
, 26

schools and discipline in
, 35–37

as settler colony
, 25–26

Spanish colony of
, 25–28

teachers’ resistance
, 40–42

transition from necropolitics to biopolitics
, 30–32

unrest and violence
, 30

Racial stratification
, 26

Rafalski, Hans
, 135

Reconcentration
, 28

Religious taxes
, 165

Repressive developmentalism
, 116–123

Reventlow, C. D.
, 66, 102–103, 104

Rienzi, Adrian Cola
, 186, 187, 188

Rif
, 153

anti-colonial mobilization
, 163–166

pacification
, 159–162

precolonial political topography
, 155–158

territorialization
, 166–169

See also Morocco, Spanish expansion in

Risks, of slavery
, 84, 89–95

Rojas, John
, 186

Rousseau
, 90, 91

Routinized subjugation
, 115

Royal Air Force
, 189

Royal Danish West India Company
, 88

Royal East India Government
, 50–51

Royal Navy
, 189

Rural economy
, 69

Rural Police-Acts of 1791
, 69

Rural population of Denmark

apparatus of poor-relief
, 70–71

Emancipation of the Serfs-Act
, 69–70

health care
, 71–72

liberalization of grain trade
, 71

movement
, 69–70

Rural resettlement scheme of Portuguese states
, 122–123

Rural schools, Porto Rico
, 34

Ryberg, Niels
, 54

Salesa, Damon
, 206, 213

Salisbury, Lord
, 204, 209–210

Salvage colonialism, policy of
, 222

Sa Malietoa
, 206

Sa Mata’afa
, 206

Samoa, tridominium in
, 15, 203–223

Berlin Conference 1889
, 204, 209–211

civil wars
, 208

collaboration
, 221

extraterritoriality
, 212, 213

features of
, 221–222

formation of
, 204

historiography
, 205–206

indirect rule
, 221

laws
, 212, 213

legal powers
, 210–211

logistical challenges
, 211–212

municipal district
, 212–213

overview
, 203–205

paternalist preservationism
, 222

policy of salvage colonialism
, 222

political instability
, 208

royal authority
, 207

sustainable arrangements
, 208–209

Tripartite Convention 1879
, 207–208

war and peace before
, 206–209

Washington Conference
, 208–209

Samoa Bill
, 208

Sanusis

attack against British forces in Egypt
, 161

autonomy
, 160, 161

Italian fascist administration and
, 162

Jabal al-Akhdar
, 157

Ottomans and Germans aid
, 161

resistance movement
, 165–166, 169

See also Libya, Italian expansion in

Sa Tupua
, 206

Sawyer, Stephen
, 86

Schimmelmann, Ernst
, 58, 102, 104

Schools

in Philippines
, 32–35

in Puerto Rico
, 35–37

Science
, 114–115

Second colonial occupation
, 115–116

Security

Foucault on
, 61–62

political modernity and
, 61–63

Security dispositif
, 102–104, 105

Self-determination
, 90

Self-willfulness
, 65, 66

Selvagem, Carlos
, 110

Semantic decolonization
, 119

Services for Centralization and Coordination of Information (SCCI)
, 119

Siam Mapped (Thongchai Winichakul)
, 155

Sidi Ifni, Morocco
, 159

Simonsen, G.
, 100–101

Singer, B.
, 55

Slaveholders
, 97

Slave laws

British system
, 96

Goveia on
, 96

police laws/power
, 99–100

Spanish system
, 96

Slave laws, Danish West Indies
, 95–101

marriage
, 98

moral activities/conduct
, 97–98

punishments
, 97, 101

regulations of 1733
, 97, 98

regulations of 1755
, 97–98

sentencing
, 101

sexual encounters
, 97–98

Slave marronage
, 97

Slave patrols
, 100

Slavery
, 82

detrimental effects
, 91

economic effect
, 91–93

laws of
, 95–101

New World
, 90

opponents of
, 90

as property
, 94

proponents of
, 90–91

public policy
, 84

reforming institution of
, 84

risks
, 84, 89–95

social corruption of
, 91

as sovereignty
, 94

strategic ethics of
, 102–104

sugar colonies
, 84

Tocqueville on
, 84, 91

See also Danish West Indies

Slaves

political technology
, 99

as property
, 98, 99

Simth on management of
, 92–93

Slave uprisings
, 84, 96

Small, Albion
, 106n5

Smith, Adam
, 91–93, 94

Social assimilation
, 112

Social corruption of slavery
, 91

Social death
, 60

Social movement unionism
, 186–187, 192

Solf, Wilhelm
, 222

Somaliland
, 158

South Asia
, 155

Sovereignty

defined
, 22

fundamental principles
, 23

slavery as risk to
, 91–95

Spanish-American War
, 25, 27, 158

Spanish colony

Morocco. See Morocco, Spanish expansion in

of Philippines
, 25–28

of Puerto Rico
, 25–28

slave laws
, 96

Spanish Creoles
, 25

The Spirit of Laws (Montesquieu)
, 90

The Spirit of the Laws (Montesquieu)
, 55

Spitzkoppe
, 142

State

Foucauldian perspective
, 85–87

monopoly of force
, 131

as ongoing process
, 87

subject and
, 87

Weber’s definition
, 153

Western model
, 178

State capacity
, 178–182

colonizer-transfer theories
, 178–179

governmentality
, 179–180

institutional reforms and
, 192–194

violence
, 180–182

State-centric approaches
, 4

State failure
, 1–2

St. Croix, island of
, 83, 88–89, 102

See also Danish West Indies

Steinmetz, George
, 5–6, 131

Stenographic designation
, 5

St. John, island of
, 83, 88

Stoler, Ann Laura
, 52, 131

Strategic ethics of slavery
, 102–104

Strategies
, 54

Strikes, in Trinidad and Tobago. See oil workers, in Trinidad and Tobago

St. Thomas, islands of
, 83, 88, 89

See also Danish West Indies

Subaltern agency
, 182–184

mobilization for change
, 183

shaping course of history
, 184

Tactics
, 54

Taft, William
, 38

Tagalog
, 39, 40

Tax-exaction
, 113

Teachers’ Manual for the Public Schools of Puerto Rico
, 32–33

Teachers’ resistance to public school system

Philippines
, 38–40

Puerto Rico
, 40–42

Technologies
, 24

Territorialization
, 110

overview
, 152–153

relational production
, 153–155

total colonial war and
, 166–170

Tetouan
, 158

Thailand
, 155

Thanjavur
, 50

Tharangampadi
, 50

Theory of state-making
, 4

Tilly, Charles
, 4, 153

Titimaea, Tamasese
, 209, 213

Tocqueville, Alexis de
, 84, 91

Tonga
, 210

Trade Union Ordinance of 1932
, 193

Traité de la police
, 100

Tranquebar, colonial state of
, 50–54

agricultural production
, 73

governance
, 50–51

governmental practices
, 57–61

moral and civil rules
, 59–60

overview
, 50–51

policing
, 51–52, 54–61

political skill
, 51

population
, 50, 72–74

race/nation in
, 52–53

racial classifications
, 51

Trans-Atlantic slave trade
, 88

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database
, 88

Treaty of Fes
, 159

Tridominium in Samoa
, 203–223

Berlin Conference 1889
, 204, 209–211

civil wars
, 208

collaboration
, 221

extraterritoriality
, 212, 213

features of
, 221–222

formation of
, 204

historiography
, 205–206

indirect rule
, 221

laws
, 212, 213

legal powers
, 210–211

logistical challenges
, 211–212

municipal district
, 212–213

overview
, 203–205

paternalist preservationism
, 222

policy of salvage colonialism
, 222

political instability
, 208

royal authority
, 207

sustainable arrangements
, 208–209

Tripartite Convention 1879
, 207–208

war and peace before
, 206–209

Washington Conference
, 208–209

Trinidad and Tobago
, 15

Five Year Plan in
, 193–194

institutional reforms and
, 192–194

labor force
, 184

labor movement. See labor movement, Trinidad and Tobago

oil exploitation
, 184, 189

as oil source
, 189

overview
, 176–178

political participation
, 194

subaltern agency
, 185–189

sugar/agricultural sector
, 184

urban workers
, 185

weak state capacity
, 185

working class
, 184

Trinidad Asphalt Company
, 186

Trinidad Leaseholds workers
, 186

Trinidad Workingmen’s Association (TWA)
, 187

Tripartite Convention 1879
, 207–208

Article VIII
, 208

Tripoli
, 157, 160, 162

See also Tripolitania

Tripolitania
, 156

administrative areas of
, 157

autonomy of
, 160

Italian intervention
, 160

local statelets
, 160

Ottomans and Germans aid to
, 161

See also Libya, Italian expansion in

Truck Ordinance of 1919
, 193

Tunisia
, 156

Turbulent frontiers
, 154

Tutelary power
, 24–25

Tutuila
, 222

TWA. See Trinidad Workingmen’s Association (TWA)

Uncertainties of bio-economic life
, 70

Unhappy Valley (Berman & Lonsdale)
, 6

United British Oilfields
, 186

United States

continental expansion
, 26

Philippines. See Philippines

Puerto Rico. See Puerto Rico

Samoa and. See Samoa, tridominium in

Tutuila
, 222

Virgin Islands
, 83, 88

Urban schools, Porto Rico
, 34

US Army

in Philippines
, 28–30

in Puerto Rico
, 30–32

Ushr
, 165

Utility of centralization
, 73

Utilizing colonial population
, 72–74

Vagt, Alfred
, 205

Villeinage, policing of
, 65–66

Violence
, 10–14, 23

Arendt on
, 131, 133

in European empires expansion
, 153, 154

normalized practices
, 139–144

power and
, 131

state capacity
, 180–182

Visiadors
, 52, 55, 56–57, 59, 66

Wachtmeister
, 134

War

in European empires expansion
, 153, 154

territorialization and
, 166–170

before tridominium in Samoa
, 206–209

Waryaghar, Ait
, 159–160

Washington, George
, 211

Weber, Max
, 131, 153

Weber, Theodor
, 207

Welfare colonialism
, 121

White settlement schemes
, 121

Wilson, J. E.
, 49

Wyrtzen, Jonathan
, 14, 16n2

Young, Crawford
, 3, 154

Young, Robert J. C.
, 14

Zakat
, 165

Zuwayya
, 165