Index
Elites and People: Challenges to Democracy
ISBN: 978-1-83867-916-3, eISBN: 978-1-83867-915-6
ISSN: 0195-6310
Publication date: 7 October 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2019), "Index", Engelstad, F., Gulbrandsen, T., Mangset, M. and Teigen, M. (Ed.) Elites and People: Challenges to Democracy (Comparative Social Research, Vol. 34), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 223-228. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0195-631020190000034011
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Index
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” with numbers indicate notes.
African-Americans’ Narratives
, 144–148
Afro-American community
, 146
Afrobarometer survey
, 57n7
Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)
, 42
American Dream
, 142–144, 155
Anti-Arab sentiments
, 139
Anti-capitalist agitation and critiques of economic elites
, 215
Anti-elitism as defining feature of populism
, 205–206
Anti-Muslim sentiments
, 139
Arab Spring
, 3–4, 17–18
Attitudes
determinants of
, 76–81
towards European unification
, 72
polarisation of
, 79
Austerity
, 62
Banlieue environments
, 150
Bottom-up model
, 3
Brazilian Cabinet
, 174
appointments and ministry gender slant in
, 177–179
appointments and ministry prestige slant in
, 180
gender and appointment to
, 174–175
gender and total cabinet appointments in
, 175–177
Brown–Forsythe robust test
, 109n6
Cabinet diversity
, 167
Catalan nationalism
, 199
Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEE countries)
, 66, 80
Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES)
, 62, 73–74
Christian Democratic Union (CDU/CSU)
, 164–165, 167, 169–170, 174, 181
Christian Democrats (KDNP)
, 96
Chroniqueurs
, 29
Civic-inspired popular movements
, 22
Civil Rights movements
, 139
Civil society
, 3–4
Class
, 138, 140–141, 156n2
betrayal
, 140
formations
, 139
Classical conceptualisations of elite pluralism
, 208–210
Classical elite theories
, 11, 208
Coalitions
, 162–163, 182n2
governance
, 160
Cognitive mobilization theory
, 92
Colour-blindness, principle of
, 138
Comparative studies of elite and non-elite boarding schools
, 129–130
Conservative–Christian Democrats
, 96, 99
Continental populists
, 199
Critical Race Theory
, 138
Cultural elites
, 212
populist critique
, 215–217
Cultural mode of elite integration
, 218
Database
, 40
indicators
, 42–43
two MP surveys and world values survey
, 40–42
Deculturation process
, 143
Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD)
, 22–23
Democratic/democracy
, 1, 36–37, 93, 192
governance
, 3
legitimacy of European integration project
, 62
progress
, 27
quality of
, 43–45
resilience of
, 2, 4–5
support for
, 42–43, 48–51, 53
and unity of elites
, 217–218
Discriminatory practices
, 139
Distinction
acts
, 123–124
construction of
, 127
Double Absence Rhetoric
, 142–143
Double-consciousness
, 156n8
Duboisian concept of
, 144
Duboisian concept of ‘double-consciousness’
, 144
Dutch Freedom Party
, 215
Eagle Capital
, 29
Ecole Nationale d’Administration (ENA)
, 152
Economic crisis
, 4, 38–39, 61–62, 70
in young democracies
, 37–39
Economic elites
, 212
anti-capitalist agitation and critiques
, 215
populist critique
, 214–215
Economic growth, macro-indicators of
, 43–45
Economic liberalisation
, 24
Economic recession
, 41
Education (see also Elite education in Germany)
, 181n9
educational attainment
, 152
policy in Germany
, 179
Egypt
, 23
elites in
, 19
post-Arab Spring
, 25
pre-Arab Spring
, 24–25
Electoral democracy index
, 43
Electoral participation
, 22
Elhiwar Ettounsi
, 29
Elite education in Germany (see also Hungarian political elite)
, 116–117
empirical results and theoretical reflections
, 125–128
implications and perspectives
, 128–130
responsible elite on exclusive boarding schools
, 117–124
Elite pluralism
classical conceptualisations of
, 208–210
possibility of
, 210–211
Elite recruitment
, 7–9
gender disparities in
, 9–10
Elite survival
Arab Spring
, 17–18
case of Egypt
, 23–27
case of Tunisia
, 20–23
elite circulation types
, 19–20
in Tunisia and Egypt
, 18–19
two cases comparison
, 27–30
Elite(s)
, 1, 10–11, 93, 117, 190–193, 210, 212
Arab Spring
, 3–4
circulation types
, 19–20
democracy
, 1–3, 217–218
elite recruitment and social identity
, 7–9
European crisis
, 5–7
gender disparities in elite recruitment
, 9–10
groups
, 24
political elites and resilience of democracy
, 4–5
role in democratic transition and consolidation
, 37
schools
, 116
settlement
, 94, 192
theorists
, 210
theory
, 1, 192–193, 204–205, 218
trust
, 191–192
unity
, 217–218
Elite–population
gap concerning supranational trust
, 105–107
interference
, 93
Elitism
, 10–11
populism as
, 206–208
Ethno-racial discriminatory practices, chief victims of
, 139
Euroenthusiasm
, 80
European Commission (EC)
, 72, 97, 196
European Crisis
, 5–7
European elite system
, 5
European integration
, 63, 67, 69
hierarchical linear regression on individual attitudes towards
, 77
polarisation of attitudes towards further
, 79
project
, 65
European National Elites and the Crisis project (ENEC project)
, 62, 95
European socialisation effect
, 76
European Union (EU)
, 30, 61, 212
Euroscepticism
, 62, 65–67
of Hungarian population
, 105
Eurozone crisis
, 62, 70
Exclusive boarding schools
, 123–124, 128
Exclusive German boarding schools
, 128
Exclusive socialisation at boarding schools
, 126–127
Fatalism
, 144
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)
, 57n2
‘Feminine’ ministries
, 166, 170–171
Financial crisis (2008)
, 4–5, 10, 38
France’s Majority Respondents’ Narratives
, 143–144
Francisation
, 151
Free Democrats (SZDSZ)
, 95
Freedom Party in Netherlands
, 213
French Rassemblement National Party
, 215
French Revolution (1789–1799)
, 18
French RN
, 220n2
GAL/TAN parties
, 73–75, 78–80
Gender
disparities in elite recruitment
, 9–10
gender-equal attitudes and practices
, 216
General Union of Tunisian Workers (UGTT)
, 20, 23
German Academic Scholarship Foundation
, 130n4
German cabinet
appointments and ministry gender slant in Germany
, 171
appointments and ministry prestige slant in Germany
, 171–174
gender and appointment to
, 168–169
gender and total appointments to
, 169–174
German Democratic Republic
, 57n1
German secondary education
, 130n2
German system
, 164–165
GLLAMM
, 83n5
Globalisation
, 10
of labour markets
, 194
Goulash Communism
, 94
Grand coalitions
, 164–165
Grandes écoles
, 141
Grass-roots anti-racist mobilisations
, 151
Great Depression
, 4, 36, 38
Great Recession
, 36
Green/alternative/libertarian parties (GAL parties)
, 67–68
Gymnasien
, 117, 130n2, 131n11
Hierarchical ANOVA models
, 100–101
Hierarchical linear regression
on individual attitudes towards European integration
, 77
on individual preferences for supranational governance
, 78
models
, 76
Homogeneous elite
, 208
Homosocial reproduction
, 9
Hungarian Conservative–Christian Democrats
, 101
Hungarian governing elite
, 92
Hungarian political elite (see also Elite education in Germany)
, 93–94
data and comparative frame
, 95–96
distribution of national political elites
, 96
elite–population gap concerning supranational trust
, 105–107
retrospection
, 94–95
trust in European Institutions
, 103–106
trust of national political elites in European Institutions
, 96–102
Ideal–typical model of populist ideologies
, 205
Ideological differences
, 97
Imposter syndrome
, 149
Informal rules
, 161
Insecurity
, 193–196
Institutions
, 93
Integrated and United? A Quest for European Citizenship in an Ever Closer Union project (INTUNE project)
, 62, 70, 95
Integration paradox
, 72
Intermediate elites
, 212, 217
populist critique
, 213–214
Internal selection procedures
, 125–126
International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education
, 119
Intra-group differences
, 139–140
INTUNE/ENEC parties
, 73–75, 78
Left-wing Hungarians
, 101
Left-wing parties
, 162
Left-wing populism
, 214–215
Left–right self-positioning
, 100
Legitimacy
of elites
, 209
theories
, 39
Liberal democracy index
, 43
Local elites
, 191
Logic of Practice, The (Bourdieu)
, 7
Mada Masr (Egyptian online newspaper)
, 29
Male dominance
, 9
‘Masculine’ ministries
, 166, 170–171
Media
, 29
polarisation
, 29
Members of parliament (MPs)
, 37, 70, 75
economic perception effects on political legitimacy
, 45
sample size and share
, 87
Merkel’s conservative affiliation
, 180
Minority culture of mobility
, 138, 140, 148–154
Mobility experiences
, 139
from majority perspective
, 142–144
from minority perspective
, 144–154
Modern elite theory
, 217
Monists
, 210, 217–218
Moore’s hypothesis
, 145
Mosca’s theories on elite pluralism
, 209–210, 213
Multi-class identity
, 145
Multi-party systems
, 160
Multidimensional crisis
, 61
Multivariate analysis
, 51–56
National affiliation
, 97
National Democratic Party (NDP)
, 24, 26
National political elites trust
, 96–102
in European Institutions
, 98
Nessma
, 29
New intergovernmentalism
, 64
North African immigrants, descendants of
, 139
Pareto theories on elite pluralism
, 209–210
Parity cabinet
, 170
Parliamentary careers
, 166
Partisanship
, 92
Party systems
, 162
Patronage systems
, 28
Peers at boarding schools
, 127–128
Pluralists
, 210
Pluto-populism
, 198
Polarisation
, 22–23
Political
centre
, 211
parties
, 211
polarisation
, 53–54
restraint
, 191
support
, 39–40
system’s democratic performance evaluation
, 47–48
Political elites (see also Elite(s))
, 4–7, 103, 109n5, 209
critiques
, 211–212
party family
, 100
Political legitimacy development
confidence in political parties
, 45–47
database
, 40–43
democracy
, 36–37
economic perception effects of MPs on
, 45
empirical results
, 45
macro-indicators of economic growth, unemployment and quality of democracy
, 43–45
objects and types of political support
, 39–40
political system’s democratic performance evaluation
, 47–48
preliminary summary and multivariate analysis
, 51–56
support for democracy
, 48–51
in young democracies
, 37–39
Political parties, confidence in
, 42, 45–47, 53
Polyarchy
, 191
Populism
, 10–11, 204, 206, 211, 215
anti-elitism as defining feature
, 205–206
as elitism
, 206–208
Populist critique
of cultural elite
, 215–217
of economic elites
, 214–215
of intermediate elites
, 213–214
of political elite
, 212–213
Populist elite paradox
, 204–205
anti-elitism as defining feature of populism
, 205–206
classical conceptualisations of elite pluralism
, 208–210
democracy and unity of elites
, 217–218
elements
, 208
populism as elitism
, 206–208
possibility of elite pluralism
, 210–211
varieties of populist elite critiques
, 211–212
Populists
, 196–200
ideologies
, 206–208
leaders
, 199
movements
, 205
parties
, 213
rhetorical strategies
, 212
Post-industrial work forces
, 194
Poujadist movement
, 212
Power
, 2
elite
, 210
relations
, 204–205
Private boarding school in Germany
, 121–124
Proporz system for policymaking
, 192
Putnam’s theory
, 4
Quality of democracy
, 43–45
Race
, 138, 140–141
Race-conscious description
, 150
Racial discrimination
, 8
Racial socialisation
, 147
‘Reaching Back’ ideology
, 144–148
Reconciliation
, 28
law
, 23
Referenda
, 214
Refolution
, 22
Regime change
, 18–19, 22, 27
Regression analysis
, 54–55
Regression approach
, 73–76
Replacement circulation
, 19
Reproduction circulation
, 19
Resilience of democracy
, 2, 4–5
Revenu de solidarité active (RSA)
, 156n11
Revenu minimum d’insertion (RMI)
, 156n11
Revolution
, 18
Right-wing self-positioned Hungarian political elite
, 101
Rousseff’s coalition
, 165–166
Rousseff’s liberal credentials
, 181
Salaire minimum interprofessionnel de croissance (SMIC)
, 156n12
Schengen crisis
, 62
Self-proclaimed elite
, 217
Social
ascension
, 140
class
, 138
codes
, 143–144
identity
, 7–9
social–democratic partisanship
, 170
trust
, 3
Social Democratic Party (SPD)
, 164, 167, 170
Socialisation
, 80–81
Socialists (MSZP)
, 95
Socialist–Social Democrats
, 96
Spearman correlation
, 73
Spies
, 24
Stable democracy
, 190, 193
Stagflation insecurity
, 194
STATA
, 83n5
State-run boarding school in Germany
, 121–124
Supranational governance
hierarchical linear regression on individual preferences for
, 78
polarisation of attitudes
, 79
Supranational trust
, 104–106
index variable
, 109n9
Supranationalism
, 62–63
attitudes towards European unification
, 72
data and method
, 70–71
determinants of attitudes
, 76–81
dimensions
, 71–73
Euroscepticism
, 65–67
indicators, measurement and expected direction of influence
, 88–89
party families by wave
, 71
party or individual level determinants of supranational attitudes
, 67–70
preference for further integration without
, 63–65
regression approach
, 73–76
Spearman correlation
, 73
Supranationality
, 83n2
Supreme Council of Egyptian Armed Forces (SCAF)
, 24–26, 28
Swiss People’s Party
, 199
Symbolic violence
, 140
Third-Wave democracies
, 3, 39, 41
Tory Party
, 215
Traditionalist/authoritarian/nationalist parties (TAN parties)
, 63, 67–68
‘Transgenerational’ aspect of American Dream
, 143
Trust
, 92
in EU Institutions by Hungarian Elite Group
, 103
in EU Institutions in Hungary and in other eight countries
, 99
in European Institutions
, 103–105
of national political elites in European Institutions
, 96–102
in Supranational Institutions
, 104
Tunisia
, 20
elites in
, 19
post-Arab Spring
, 21–23
pre-Arab Spring
, 20–21
security sector
, 28
Tunisian Union of Industrialists, Merchants and Artisans (UTICA)
, 20
2009–2010 Euro-crisis (see Economic crisis)
2015 migration (see Schengen crisis)
Underemployment
, 194
Unemployment
, 194
macro-indicators of
, 43–45
Upward intergenerational mobility
methodology
, 141–142
mobility experience from majority perspective
, 142–144
mobility experience from minority perspective
, 144–154
theorising experience of
, 140–141
Utilitarian theory
, 90
V-Dem data
, 57n4
Western democracies
, 196
White-Americans’ Narratives
, 140–141
Women
appointments
, 162
cabinet incorporation
, 163
empowerment in cabinet
, 168
legislative incorporation
, 162
in parliament
, 162
presidents
, 160–161
Women executives
, 159
Brazilian Cabinet
, 174–179
German cabinet
, 168–174
methodology and hypotheses
, 166–168
World Values Survey (WVS)
, 41, 43, 49
Young Democrats (FIDESZ)
, 94–95
- Prelims
- Elites and People: Challenges to Democracy
- Part I: Political Elites and Populations
- Elite Survival and the Arab Spring: The Cases of Tunisia and Egypt
- The Development of Political Legitimacy Among MPs and Citizens in Old and Young Democracies
- Unravelling Unchanged Supranational Commitment of National Political Elites During the Eurozone Crisis
- The Political Elite and Trust in EU Institutions after the Crisis. A Comparative Analysis of the Hungarian Case
- Part II: Elite Recruitment and Mobility
- The (Re-)Production of Elites in Private and Public Boarding Schools: Comparative Perspectives on Elite Education in Germany
- The Class Identity Negotiations of Upwardly Mobile Individuals Among Whites and the Racial Other: A USA–France Comparison
- Women Executives: Empowering Women Through Selection in Germany and Brazil
- Part III: Elites and Populism
- Elites, Insecurity and Populists in Western Democracies
- The Populist Elite Paradox: Using Elite Theory to Elucidate the Shapes and Stakes of Populist Elite Critiques
- Index