Prelims

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BUREAUCRACY AND SOCIETY IN TRANSITION

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COMPARATIVE SOCIAL RESEARCH

Series Editor: Fredrik Engelstad

Recent Volumes:

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COMPARATIVE SOCIAL RESEARCH VOLUME 33

BUREAUCRACY AND SOCIETY IN TRANSITION: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES

EDITED BY

HALDOR BYRKJEFLOT

University of Oslo, Norway

FREDRIK ENGELSTAD

University of Oslo, Norway

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2018

Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78743-284-0 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-78743-283-3 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-78743-922-1 (Epub)

ISSN: 0195-6310

Editorial Board

• Fredrik Engelstad

  Institute for Social Research, Norway

• Axel West Pedersen

  Institute for Social Research, Norway

• Kristian Berg Harpviken,

  Peace Research Institute Oslo, Norway

• Marte Mangset

  Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway

• Lars Mjøset

  University of Oslo, Norway

• Kristian Stokke

  University of Oslo, Norway

• Mari Teigen

  Institute for Social Research, Norway

List of Reviewers

About the Authors

Karen Boll is Associate Professor at Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. Here she has been a Faculty Member since 2008. Her research interest lies in the area of qualitative studies of reforms within the public sector. Most of Karen’s research has focused on studying this within tax administrations. Here, her focus has been on strategies to create tax compliance and new administrative initiatives such as ‘cooperative compliance’. With regards to method, Karen uses ethnography and qualitative research interviews. Karen also undertakes teaching at Copenhagen Business School, where her main teaching topic is organisation theory and analysis.

Haldor Byrkjeflot is Professor of Sociology at University of Oslo (UiO) and Academic Director of UiO, Nordic. He is currently exploring historical-comparative research, organisation theory and the making and circulation of ideas across societies. Haldor has publications related to logics of employment systems, comparative healthcare reforms, public sector reforms as well as varieties of management systems and bureaucracy.

Thomas Carrington is Assistant Professor at Stockholm Business School, Stockholm University. His research interests span across the diverse field of audit, with a base in his PhD on audit failures in the private sector and ranging from financial audit in the private sector to public sector auditing and, more recently, audits of sustainability reports. His research in public sector auditing has been focused on the perceived performance of the performance audits among auditees in the public sector being subject to audits by a national audit office.

Johan Christensen is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Public Administration at Leiden University. His research focuses on the role of experts and expertise in public policy-making, both at the national and European levels. His first book The Power of Economists within the State (Stanford University Press, 2017) examined the influence of the economics profession on market-oriented reforms in comparative perspective. His work has appeared in journals such as Governance, Public Administration and West European Politics. Christensen received his PhD in Political and Social Sciences from the European University Institute (EUI) in Florence in 2013. He was also Postdoctoral Fellow in Sociology and Organisational Studies at Stanford University.

Fredrik Engelstad is Professor (em) in Sociology at the University of Oslo. For 20 years he served as Director of Institute for Social Research in Oslo, and he was Member of the core group of the Norwegian Power and Democracy Study 1998–2003. He is the author of several books (in Norwegian): On Power Relations in Working Life (2003), In The Business World (2003) and In Cultural Production (2010). Engelstad is also Co-Editor of Power and Democracy: Critical Interventions (Ashgate, 2004), Comparative Perspectives on Social and Political Elites (Elsevier, 2007) and Firms, Boards and Gender Quotas: Comparative Perspectives (2012). He is the main editor and co-author of three volumes on institutional change (De Gruyter, 2015-2018).

Carsten Greve is Professor of Public Management and Governance at the Department of Organization, Copenhagen Business School. His research concentrates on public–private partnerships and public management reform in an international perspective. His recent edited books include Rethinking Public-Private Partnerships. Strategies for Turbulent Times and Nordic Administrative Reforms: Lessons for Public Management.

Gerhard Hammerschmid is Professor of Public and Financial Management at the Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, Germany. His research focuses on public management reform, comparative public administration, performance management and HRM. His work has been published in leading journals in the field and he is Co-editor of Administration Reforms in Europe: The View from the Top (Edward Elgar, 2016) and The Governance of Infrastructure (Oxford University Press, 2017).

Thurid Hustedt is Guest Professor at the Otto Suhr Institute of Political Science at the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. Prior she was Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Potsdam, from which she also holds a PhD. Her research focuses on comparative public administration, politico-administrative relations, policy advisory systems and government coordination. Her research is published in journals such as Public Administration, Policy Sciences, International Review of Administrative Science and Journal of European Public Policy.

Mette Frisk Jensen is Researcher and Leader of the Danish history website danmarkshistorien.dk at the Department of Culture and Society at Aarhus University. She has worked with the history of corruption and anticorruption in Denmark in the period 1660–1900 and has especially published on corruption and the ethics of public office among Danish civil servants in the nineteenth century.

Kim Klarskov Jeppesen is Professor of Auditing and Head of the Master of Accounting and Auditing Program at Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. His research interest is in auditing in general, and he has published research on private as well as public sector auditing, internal auditing and fraud-related issues in leading accounting journals such as European Accounting Review, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Financial Accountability & Management and International Journal of Auditing.

Stephan Leixnering is Senior Scientist at the Research Institute for Urban Management and Governance at WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. He received his PhD from WU in 2010. His research focuses on the governance and organisation of the public sector. He also works on the emergence of organisational forms and ethical aspects of organisation and management. His current research covers collaborative city governance, issues of public corporate governance, resilience in a city context and joined-up government on the local level.

Thomas Lopdrup-Hjorth is Assistant Professor at the Department of Organization at Copenhagen Business School. His current research revolves around two main topics. On the one hand, he is researching the history and foundational problems of organisation theory – in particular with an emphasis on what has happened to the core object and concept of organisation theory, i.e. ‘organisation’. On the other hand, he is also involved in a research project on ‘the ethics of office’ in state service funded by the Velux Foundation in Denmark. In conjunction with this, his research explores the contemporary and historical problematisations of bureaucracy and the state. As a part of this project, he is working on a book provisionally titled For State Service together with Professor Paul du Gay.

Per Lægreid is Professor at the Department of Administration and Organization Theory, University of Bergen, Norway. His research interests include studies of public administration from an institutional perspective combining political science and organisational studies. He has conducted studies of institutional changes of central government organisations and administrative reform in a domestic and comparative perspective with a special focus on New Public Management (NPM) reforms as well as post-NPM reform initiatives. He has published extensively in international journals in public administration and public management. His recent co-edited books include The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management, Organizing for Coordination in the Public Sector, The Routledge Handbook to Accountability and Welfare State Reforms in Europe and Nordic Administrative Reforms: Lessons for Public Management.

Marte Mangset is Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Centre for Study of the Professions, Oslo Metropolitan University. She holds a joint doctoral degree from Sciences Po Paris and the University of Bergen, and the title of her thesis is ‘The Discipline of Historians: A Comparative Study of Historians’ Constructions of the Discipline of History in English, French and Norwegian Universities’. Dr Mangset specialises in international comparative studies in the sociology of expertise, education, public administration and power. She is currently working on a comparative study of the knowledge and skills which legitimises bureaucratic elite power in Britain, France and Norway. Among her latest publications are ‘Elite Circulation and the Convertibility of Knowledge: Comparing Different Types and Forms of Knowledge and Degrees of Elite Circulation in Europe’ in Journal of Education and Work and ‘The Bureaucratic Power in Note-writing: Authoritative Expertise within the State’ in the British Journal of Sociology.

Renate E. Meyer is Chair of Organization Studies at WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. She is also part-time Professor of Institutional Theory at the Department of Organization, Copenhagen Business School, and Co-Director of the Research Institute for Urban Management and Governance at WU. Her current research interests include changing organisational forms and governance, the spread of novel management ideas in public sector organisations and urban governance challenges such as open government, collaborative governance or the sharing economy.

Apostolis Papakostas is Professor of Sociology at Södertörn University, Stockholm, Sweden. He holds a PhD from the Department of Sociology, Stockholm University. He has been involved in several research projects concerning the organisational aspects of contemporary society and social change at the Stockholm Centre for Organizational Research and at Södertörn University, School for Social Sciences. He is Founder and Director of Reinvent, a newly established centre of research at the Södertörn University, that conducts research on the mechanisms of social change and urban transformation in the region of Stockholm. Professor Papakostas has published books and articles on social movements, civil society, state development, political parties, social change, corruption and political clientelism.

Kristin Reichborn-Kjennerud is Political Scientist and Sociologist from the Work Research Institute in the Oslo Metropolitan University. Kristin is an expert in evaluation, control and accountability and has published extensively in international journals on these issues. She has formal education in management and audit. In her work, she has studied governance in the public sector. Her research interests are in good governance, democracy and the organisation for co-decision-making in urban regeneration processes.

Anne Roelsgaard Obling is Assistant Professor at the Department of Organization at Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. Her research interests include charting the transformations of work, tasks and professional roles in classic bureaucracies (the hospital, the army, the central administration), which are associated with contemporary reforms and reform attempts to modernise the public sector. She is part of the VELUX project ‘Office as a Vocation’.

Lise H. Rykkja is Associate Professor at the Department of Administration and Organization Theory at the University of Bergen and Research Professor at Uni Research Rokkan Centre. Her research concentrates on the organisation and development of public administration and public policies in Europe based in a broad institutional and comparative perspective. Her recent research has focused on administrative reforms and the organising and coordinating for crisis management and public security. Dr Rykkja currently leads a Horizon 2020 TROPICO project ‘Transforming into Open, Innovative and Collaborative Governments’, which analyses collaboration in and by governments in Europe. Her recent co-edited books include Organizing for Coordination in the Public Sector and Nordic Administrative Reforms: Lessons for Public Management.

Heidi Houlberg Salomonsen is Associate Professor at Department of Management, Aarhus University, Denmark. Her main research interests include public management, strategic communication in the public sector, in particular reputation management and leadership communication, as well as relationships between top civil servants, ministers and political advisers. She has published on these topics in journals such as Public Administration, Public Administration Review, International Review of Administrative Sciences and International Journal of Strategic Communication.

Andrea Schikowitz is Postdoctoral Researcher at the Research Institute for Urban Management and Governance at WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. She completed her PhD at the Department of Science and Technology Studies (STS), University of Vienna, in 2017. Her research covers changing identities and identity work in the public sector and in inter- and transdisciplinary research collaborations. She also works on changing epistemic cultures and heterogeneous knowledge practices in and beyond science.

Külli Taro holds a PhD in Public Administration from the Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia. Her main research interests include performance measurement, management and auditing in the public sector. She worked at the National Audit Office of Estonia for many years. As a Head of the Good Governance Program at a think tank founded by the President of Estonia, she was the spokesperson for public sector reform in Estonia. Currently, Dr Taro is the Head of the Law Enforcement Affairs Department at the Office of the Estonian Chancellor of Justice.

Halvard Vike is Professor of Welfare Studies at the University College of Southeast Norway and Senior Researcher at Telemark Research Institute; he was formerly Professor of Anthropology at the University of Oslo. Based on his ethnographic work on politics in Norway, he has published extensively on political culture, power, institutions, policy, welfare states and related topics. His most recent book is Politics and Bureaucracy in the Norwegian Welfare State – An Anthropological Approach (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018).