Accountability principle

, 183

Age, demographics effect

, 130–132

Anonymous interaction, grid and group for behavior in

, 96

Anthropology

, 13, 66

cultural

, 91

Apartheid laws

, 230

Archetypal analysis (AA)

, 65, 69, 73

advantages and limitations in comparison with methods

, 72–73

algorithm

, 70–71

associating individual cases with archetypes

, 71

comparison of AA with methods

, 71–72

determining number of archetypes

, 71

measurement of Schwartz values

, 74–76

Schwartz values model

, 74

World Values Survey (WVS)

, 73

Archetypes

, 14, 68

culture

, 65, 68–69

from data

, 69–73

distribution of archetypal cases

, 80–81

for Japan and United States

, 82

for Jordan, France, and South Korea

, 82

multiple

, 69

Archival social history

, 28, 37

Backlash-aversion/social capital investment function

, 210

Beliefs

, 4–5, 30

on luck

, 177–180, 201

variable

, 173

Blameworthiness

, 208

Bonus framing effects

, 220–221

Capital, cultural

, 28, 30

Capitalism

, 41

Case studies, in-depth

, 28, 37

Catholic

, 34

Chat communications

, 57

Citizenship

demographics effect

, 130–132

experimental participants by

, 108–109

Cluster analysis

, 72

Collectivism

, 4, 30–31, 91–92

Collectivist culture

, 2

Collectivists, cultural type

, 97

Computer program matching algorithm

, 254

Conceptualization of culture

, 29, 38–40

as form of capital

, 30–33

Configuration of values, culture as

archetypes from data

, 69–73

culture archetypes

, 68–69

five global archetype profiles

, 77–78

global archetypes

, 65

homogenous group

, 66–67

illustration of archetypal analysis

, 73–76

Contemporary social anthropology

, 90–91

Content analysis

, 58

Convex ultimatum game

, 100, 116–119, 126–127, 163–164

effects of grid and group alternate measures on behavior

, 134–135

one-role treatment

, 152–153

two-role treatment

, 158–159

Coordinated social interaction

, 74

Corporate culture

, 46

Cross-cultural

difference

, 169, 182–184

experimental studies

, 37

experiments

, 170

psychology approach

, 91, 137

studies

, 10

Cross-ethnic difference

, 90

Cross-national analysis

, 5

Cross-national difference

, 90

Cultural capital, intangible

, 27–28

Culture

patterns

, 67

static

, 35–36

Culture-related economics literature

, 64

Decision-making

, 228

heuristics

, 3

processes

, 64

Decontextualized experiments

, 216

Delegated decision-making

, 228, 230

Demographics

, 241

effect

, 130–132

by race group

, 254

Desert preferences

, 207

Desert-utility function

, 209, 210

Dictator game

, 8–9, 14, 16, 43, 90–91, 100, 102, 124, 163, 185n11, 207, 212, 216, 242

age effect in meta-analysis

, 132

anonymous dictator-game experiment

, 210

donations in

, 125, 131–132, 140n28

effects of grid and group alternate measures on behavior

, 134–135

experimental design

, 101

hypothesis

, 54, 102, 105–106

modified

, 185

one-role treatment

, 150–151

regression estimation of decisions

, 114–115

two-person

, 175, 183

two-role treatment

, 156–157

Differences, cultural

, 206

Discrete uniform distribution

, 171

Distribution of cultural types

, 107–108, 110–111

Distributionists, cultural type

, 97

Diverse societies, experiments across

, 8–10

Dividing Rule

, 152

Dominance hierarchies

, 209

Econometric

approaches

, 27

studies

, 26

Economic(s)

, 91–93

culture

, 6–13, 33, 40, 43

decisions

, 206

economists

, 3, 64

experimental economists

experimentalists

, 42–44

phenomena

, 40, 64

scenarios

, 26–27

theory

, 59

See also Experimental economics

Egalitarianism, strict

, 183

Enculturation process

, 26

“Envelope drop” game

, 12

Epidemiological approach

, 5

Equity

, 239

Ethnicity

, 229

group

, 5–6

Ethnographies

, 28, 37

European Social Survey

, 4

European Values Study (EVS)

, 4

European Values Systems Study Group

, 4

Experimental economics

, 232–233

classification of natural messages

, 57–58

conducting qualitative post-experiment interview

, 56–57

language as data

, 57

post-experiment interview

, 54–56

qualitative methods in

, 53–54

Experimental economists

, 28–29

Experimentalists

, 42–44

Exploratory cluster analysis

, 14

Eye-tracking method

, 54

Fairness

ideals

, 183

models

, 209–210

Family

, 5

Femininity

, 91–92

Frame

, 54, 57

bonus framing effects

culture

, 27

Frameworks, cultural

, 91–93

Games and hypotheses

, 100, 105–106

dictator game. See Dictator game

trust games. See Trust games

ultimatum game. See Ultimatum game

Geertz, Clifford

, 25, 46

Geertzian notion of culture

, 32

General Social Survey (GSS)

, 4, 12, 98–99

Generalized morality

, 4–5

Generalized trust

, 4

Generosity

, 102

Germany’s Protestant culture

, 34

Gift-exchange game

, 229–230

Global archetypes

, 65

Globalization role in culture

, 10–11

GLOBE study

, 64

“Grid-group attributes and behavior in two-person games”

, 107–108, 111–130

Grid-group cultural theory. See Grid-group model

Grid-group model

, 91, 93

alternate grid/group questions

, 165

cognitive/motivational characteristic

, 94

cultural frameworks and economics

, 91–93

culturally driven behavior

, 95

demographic questions

, 165–166

effect of demographics

, 130–132

distribution of cultural types

, 110–111

experimental participants by citizenship and citizenship clusters

, 108–109

games and hypotheses

, 100, 102–106

grid/group survey questions

, 147–149

operationalizing grid and group

, 96–99

procedures

, 104, 107

results

, 107

robustness check

, 132–134

Group identity in intermediated interactions

amounts returned by receivers

, 243–245

demographics

, 241, 254

experiment protocol

, 232–236

hypotheses

, 237

literature

, 228–230

modified trust game

, 231

results

, 241, 248

return decision by receiver

, 237–238

screenshots of decisions in delegation game

, 260–264

sender appointment by owner

, 239–241

sender selection

, 246–247

sender transfers

, 245–246

transfer decision by sender

, 239

treatment factors

, 232

trust and race in South Africa

, 242–243

Groups

in culture

, 5–6

smooth functioning and survival

, 74

Hawthorne effects

, 55

High-grid individual

, 97

High-group individual

, 97

Homogenous culture

, 34–35

Homogenous group

, 66–67

Human economic behavior

, 64–65

Human rights

, 223

Hypothetical individual

, 68

Identity

, 232

Image tagging

, 216

In-depth case studies

, 28, 37

In-group bias

, 229

Income

, 168–169, 172

additional analysis

, 199–203

beliefs about luck

, 177–180

determinants of giving

, 175–177

European governments

, 167–168

experimental design and procedures

, 170–171

and giving

, 183–184

income-generating process

, 184

individual giving

, 172–175

inequality

, 168, 183

literature

, 169–170

personal characteristics and values

, 180–182

questionnaire

, 196–198

Individual

giving

, 172–175

making decisions

, 206

reference-dependent utilities

, 210

Individualism

, 4, 30–31, 91–92

Individualist

cultural type

, 97

culture

, 2

type

, 139

Inductive approach

, 90

Inglehart, R.

, 45n2, 83

traditional vs. secular-rational orientation

, 92, 137n5

factor analysis

, 18n2

value orientations

, 92

Institutional culture

, 18

Interviews

, 39–40

guide

, 56

open-ended

, 28, 37, 41

post-experimental

, 54–56, 59

postgame

, 43

Knowledge

, 232

Lab-in-field experiments

, 12

Language as data

, 57

Latent class analysis

, 72

Learning from Strangers (Weiss)

, 56

Liberal egalitarianism

, 183

Libertarianism

, 183

Market as cultural phenomenon

, 40–41

Masculinity

, 91–92

Materialism, cultural

, 64

Matrix algebra

, 65

Meaning, pattern of

, 38–39, 44–45

Mental models

, 1, 7

Messages

, 43

pay-off relevant

, 58

Migration role in culture

, 10

Model culture

, 27

Modernization theory

, 90

Modified dictator games

, 185

Moral blame

, 208

Moral dilemmas

, 208–209

MTurk

, 208

Multistage experiment

, 208

Nash equilibrium

, 103

“Nation-neutral” effects

, 36

Nationality group

, 5–6

Natural experiments

, 12

Natural messages

, 57–58

Nonparametric tests

, 172

Norm-consistent behavior

, 104

One-role treatment

, 150

convex ultimatum game

, 152–153

dictator game

, 150–151

regular trust game

, 154–155

send-all-or-nothing trust game

, 153–154

standard ultimatum game

, 151–152

See also Two-role treatment

One-shot trust game

, 231

Open-ended interviews

, 28, 37, 41

Operationalizing grid and group

, 96

grid and group for behavior in anonymous interaction

, 96

measuring grid and group via polythetic scale

, 96–99

Own-group bias

, 230

Owner

, 237

business

, 28

capital

, 15, 231

expectations

, 245

sender appointment by

, 239–241

Patterns, culture

, 67

Pay-off relevant messages

, 58

Penalty

, 220–221

Personal characteristics and values

, 180–182, 202–203

Placation

, 217

preferences

, 207

Polythetic scale, measuring grid and group via

, 96–99

Post-experiment interview

, 54–56, 59

“Post-materialistic” values

, 92

Postgame interviews

, 43

Poverty

, 168, 184

Power distance

, 91–92

Pre-game

exercises

, 163–164

testers

, 107

Preferences

for desert

, 207

for placation

, 207

Price theory

, 45

Priming studies

, 11–12

Profession group

, 5–6

Proposer

, 151

reference point manipulation

, 217–220

“Protestant Ethic”

, 40

Psychology approach, cultural

, 137

Qualitative methods

, 29, 53–54

benefits to the study of culture

, 37–44

classification of natural messages

, 57–58

conceptualize culture as form of capital

, 30–33

conducting qualitative post-experiment interview

, 56–57

culture

, 25–26

drawbacks to getting at culture

, 29

experimental economists

, 28–29

experimental techniques

, 26–27

importance of culture

, 36–37

isolating culture

, 33–34

language as data

, 57

post-experiment interview

, 54–56

treating culture as homogenous

, 34–35

treating culture as static

, 35–36

Quantitative approaches

, 28

drawbacks of quantitative approaches to getting at culture

, 29–37

Race in South Africa

, 242–243

Random shock

, 171, 175

Reasoning

, 206

Receiver

, 237

reference point manipulation

, 217

return decision by

, 237–238

Reciprocity

, 229

Reference point-dependent model of social preferences

, 207–208

desert

, 210–211, 217–220

expectations

, 205–206

experimental design and results

, 216–217

experimental games

, 206–207

fear of retaliation

, 211–212

moral dilemmas

, 208–209

penalty vs. bonus framing effects

, 220–221

placation

, 217

subject motivation

, 221–222

Reference-dependent fairness model

, 210

Reference-dependent utilities

, 209–211

Regressions, OLS

, 172, 173

Regression estimation

of amount divided by player 2 conditional on percentage

, 116–119

of amount returned by player 2 in regular trust game

, 122–123

of dictator and ultimatum game decisions

, 114–115

of trust games decisions

, 120–121

Regular trust game

, 100, 122–123, 128–130, 164

effects of grid and group alternate measures on behavior

, 134–135

one-role treatment

, 154–155

two-role treatment

, 160–162

Religion

demographics effect

, 130–132

group

, 5–6

Repugnance markets

, 7

Reviewers, independent

, 58

Ritualists, cultural type

, 97

Schwartz values

, 20n22, 64–65, 69, 71, 84

archetype A4

, 83

model

, 65, 68, 73–74

ten motivational values

, 75

transnational homogeneity

, 81

in World Values Survey Wave Five

, 73–79, 81

Scree plots

, 71

Self-expression value

, 92

Self-interested payoff maximizers

, 103

Self-transcendence/conservation

, 68

Send-all-or-nothing trust game

, 100, 127–129

effects of grid and group alternate measures on behavior

, 134–135

one-role treatment

, 153–154

two-role treatment

, 160

Sender

, 237

appointment by owner

, 239–241

selection

, 246–247

transfer decision by

, 239

transfers

, 245–246

Shareholder

, 229–230

Social

animals

, 209

anthropology

, 90–91

capital

, 30

capital theory

, 90

conventions

, 3

incorporation

, 93

norms

, 207

preferences

, 206, 207

Socialization

horizontal

, 35–36

vertical

, 36

Societies

, 64, 84–85, 93

experiments across

, 8–10

large-scale

, 9, 13

small-scale

, 6, 8

Sociology

, 90

South Africa, trust and race in

, 242–243

“Spirit of Junkanoo”

, 35

“Spirit of Rabbyism”

, 35

Standard ultimatum game

, 100, 124–126

one-role treatment

, 151–152

two-role treatment

, 157–158

Subjectivism

, 37

Survival value

, 92

Tautological theory

, 207

Team culture

, 46

Theory-derived value function

, 211

Tit-for-tat strategy

, 212

Triangulations of experimental evidence and surveys

, 12–13

Trust

, 30, 229

in South Africa

, 242–243

Trust games

, 20n26, 26, 43, 90–91, 103–104

decisions

, 120–121

experimental design

, 101

hypothesis

, 103–106

modified

, 231, 232

one-shot

, 231

regression estimation of trust games decisions

, 120–121

regular

, 100, 122–123, 128–130, 154–155, 160–162, 164

send-all-or-nothing

, 100, 127–129, 134–135, 153–154, 160

one-role treatment

, 153–154

two-role treatment

, 160

Two-person dictator game

, 183

Two-person games

, 100

behavior across four cultural types

, 112–113

convex ultimatum game

, 126–127

grid-group attributes and behavior in

, 111

send-all-or-nothing trust game

, 127–128, 129

standard ultimatum game

, 124–126

Two-role treatment

, 156

convex ultimatum game

, 158–159

dictator game

, 156–157

send-all-or-nothing trust game

, 160

standard trust game

, 160–162

standard ultimatum game

, 157–158

See also One-role treatment

Type I thinking

, 222

Type II thinking

, 222–223

Ultimatum games

, 8–9, 12, 16, 19n11, 20n26, 27, 36–37, 90–91, 102–103, 163, 212

behavior

, 8

convex

, 100, 126–127, 131–133, 140n28

convex, one-role treatment

, 152–153

convex, two-role treatment

, 158–159

delegation in

, 228

effects of grid and group alternate measures on behavior

, 134–135

experimental design

, 101

experimental studies in culture

, 36–37

hypothesis

, 102–103, 105–106

meta-analysis

, 92

regression estimation of decisions

, 114–115

standard

, 100, 124–126, 131–133, 140n28, 151–152, 157–158

Uncertainty avoidance

, 91–92

Understanding the Culture of Markets (Storr)

, 27

Values

, 4–5

cultural

, 30

orientations

, 92

system

, 67

See also Configuration of values, culture as

Western Educated Industrial Rich Democracies (WEIRD)

, 6

World Giving Index

, 184

World Values Survey (WVS)

, 29, 34, 45, 65, 73, 92, 169, 183

Wave Five data

, 65–66

Worldly asceticism

, 46