3D printed polyurethane exhibits isotropic elastic behavior despite its anisotropic surface
Abstract
Purpose
Mechanical properties testing of the hyperelastic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) produced by the continuous digital light processing (CDLP) method of additive manufacturing. Primarily, this paper aims to verify that 3D printed TPU still satisfies commonly assumed volumetric incompressibility and material isotropy in elastic range. The secondary aim is to investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of the CDLP method.
Design/methodology/approach
Cylindrical samples were printed and subjected to a volumetric compression test to reveal their bulk modulus K and maximal theoretical porosity (MTP). Dog bone specimens were oriented along different axes and printed. Their dimensions were measured, and they were subjected to cyclic uniaxial tests up to 100% strain to reveal the level of stress softening and possible anisotropy. The hyperelastic Yeoh model was fitted to the mean response.
Findings
The authors measured the bulk modulus of K = 1851 ± 184 MPa. The mean MTP was 0.9 ± 0.5%. The mean response was identical in both directions and the data could be fitted by the isotropic third order Yeoh function with R^2 = 0.996. The dimensions measurement revealed the largest error (above 5%) in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the digital light projection while the dimensions in other two dimensions were much more accurate (0.75 and 1%, respectively).
Practical implications
The TPU printed by CDLP can be considered and modelled as isotropic and practically volumetrically incompressible. The parts in the printing chamber should be positioned in a way that the important dimensions are not parallel to the direction of the digital light projection.
Originality/value
The authors experimentally confirmed the volumetric incompressibility and mechanical isotropy of the TPU printed using the CDLP method.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
This paper has been completed in connection with project Innovative and additive manufacturing technology – new technological solutions for 3D printing of metals and composite materials, reg. no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008407 financed by Structural Funds of European Union and project. Finally, the authors thank Barbora Prokopova for the help with the uniaxial tensile test.
Citation
Pagac, M., Schwarz, D., Petru, J. and Polzer, S. (2020), "3D printed polyurethane exhibits isotropic elastic behavior despite its anisotropic surface", Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 26 No. 8, pp. 1371-1378. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-02-2019-0027
Download as .RISPublisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited