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Raw and cooked aqueous and methanol extracts of Vigna unguiculata (black-eyed bean) enhances renal function in experimental Wister rats

Alexandra Idoko (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria)
Ernest Mbamalu Ezeh (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria)
Obiechinne Chigbue Philip (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria)
Onubuiwe Nelson Nwali (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria)
Patrick Okechukwu Ugwudike (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria)
Peter Chinedu Agu (Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Biochemistry Option, Osisatech Polytechnic, Enugu, Nigeria)
Tadese Adediura Ayomide (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria)
Anne Nebeolisa Onyinye (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria)
Nneoma Okoroha Blessing (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria)

Nutrition & Food Science

ISSN: 0034-6659

Article publication date: 3 March 2023

Issue publication date: 18 October 2023

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examined the health effects of raw and cooked aqueous and methanol extracts of Vigna unguiculata on kidney function in Wistar rats.

Design/methodology/approach

Thirty-six Wistar rats (weighing 160 ± 10 g) were randomly assigned into nine (9) groups (n = 4). Group I (control): no extract. Groups II and III (aqueous extract of the cooked 350 mg/kg and 550 mg/kg). Groups IV and V (methanol extracts of cooked 350 mg/kg and 550 mg/kg). Groups VI and VII (methanol extracts of raw 350 mg/kg and 550 mg/kg). Groups VIII and IX (aqueous extract of raw 350 mg/kg and 550 mg/kg). After the seventh day of the trial, the rats were euthanized with chloroform, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis.

Findings

Results showed that the doses applied for cooked and raw V. unguiculata significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced kidney functions by increasing the body weight, glucose level, concentration of serum urea, creatinine, total protein, potassium and chloride in test groups compared with control. The packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations of raw aqueous extract at 550 mg/kg (36.5 ± 5.1; 12.3 ± 2.8) were significantly (p = 0.001) higher (29.8 ± 11.8; 10.3 ± 3.9) than the 350 mg/kg dose of the same extract, and cooked aqueous extract at 350 mg/kg dose was significantly (p = 0.001) higher (28.0 ± 10.1; 9.3 ± 3.4) than that of 550 mg/kg (25.8 ± 4.9; 8.8 ± 3.9) dose of the extracts.

Originality/value

The nutritional content of V. unguiculata potentially can augment the nutritional content of a diet and to a large extent, the regular consumers’ health. Essentially, V. unguiculata is composed of both macro and micronutrients capable of promoting normal kidney function.

Keywords

Acknowledgements

Authors’ contributions: All authors collaborated to achieve this study. The study was designed by AI, POC, BNO, ATA and OAN. AI and POC performed the statistical analysis. AI, POC ATA, APC, BNO and OAN wrote the protocol and the first draft of the manuscript. NON, EEM and UPO participated in the manuscript processing. The final manuscript was read and approved by all authors.

Availability of data and materials: The authors declare that data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

Funding: Not applicable.

Declarations.

Competing interests: There is no competing interest among authors.

Plant authentication: Fresh V. Unguiculata bean seeds used in this study were identified and authenticated. A voucher number of UNH no 452, was allocated.

Citation

Idoko, A., Ezeh, E.M., Philip, O.C., Nwali, O.N., Ugwudike, P.O., Agu, P.C., Ayomide, T.A., Onyinye, A.N. and Blessing, N.O. (2023), "Raw and cooked aqueous and methanol extracts of Vigna unguiculata (black-eyed bean) enhances renal function in experimental Wister rats", Nutrition & Food Science, Vol. 53 No. 7, pp. 1147-1165. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-07-2022-0221

Publisher

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited

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