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Preliminary dielectrophoresis study: Manipulation of protein albumin and electrical quantification by using cyclic voltammetry technique

Nur Shahira Abdul Nasir (Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)
Revathy Deivasigamani (Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)
Muhammad Khairulanwar Abdul Rahim (Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)
Siti Nur Ashakirin Mohd Nashruddin (Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)
Azrul Azlan Hamzah (Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)
M. Farhanulhakim M. Razip Wee (Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)
Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong (Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

Microelectronics International

ISSN: 1356-5362

Article publication date: 5 September 2021

Issue publication date: 27 October 2021

81

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to visualize protein manipulation using dielectrophoresis (DEP) as a substantial perspective on being an effective protein analysis and biosensor method as DEP is able to be used as a means for manipulation, fractionation, pre-concentration and separation. This research aims to quantify DEP using an electrochemical technique known as cyclic voltammetry (CV), as albumin is non-visible without any fluorescent probe or dye.

Design/methodology/approach

The principles of DEP were generated by an electric field on tapered DEP microelectrodes. The principle of CV was analysed using different concentrations of albumin on a screen-printed carbon electrode. Using preliminary data from both DEP and CV methods as a future prospect for the integration of both techniques to do electrical quantification of DEP forces.

Findings

The size of the albumin is known to be 0.027 µm. Engineered polystyrene particle of size 0.05 µm was selected to mimic the DEP actuation of albumin. Positive DEP of the sample engineered polystyrene particle was able to be visualized clearly at 10 MHz supplied with 20 Vpp. However, negative DEP was not able to be visualized because of the limitation of the apparatus. However, albumin was not able to be visualized under the fluorescent microscope because of its translucent properties. Thus, a method of electrical quantification known as the CV technique is used. The detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using the CV method is successful. As the concentration of BSA increases, the peak current obtained from the voltammogram decreases. The peak current can be an indicator of DEP response as it correlates to the adsorption of the protein onto the electrodes. The importance of the results from both CV and DEP shows that the integration of both techniques is possible.

Originality/value

The integration of both methods could give rise to a new technique with precision to be implemented into the dialyzers used in renal haemodialysis treatment for manipulation and sensing of protein albumin.

Keywords

Acknowledgements

Funding: The authors would like to acknowledge with gratitude the sponsor of the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2017/TK04/UKM/02/14) grant funded by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) as a Research University and AKU254: HICOE (FASA2) Artificial Kidney research fund from the Ministry of Higher Education.

Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Citation

Abdul Nasir, N.S., Deivasigamani, R., Abdul Rahim, M.K., Mohd Nashruddin, S.N.A., Hamzah, A.A., M. Razip Wee, M.F. and Buyong, M.R. (2021), "Preliminary dielectrophoresis study: Manipulation of protein albumin and electrical quantification by using cyclic voltammetry technique", Microelectronics International, Vol. 38 No. 4, pp. 162-171. https://doi.org/10.1108/MI-02-2021-0026

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited

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