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Effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid: a meta-analysis

Amy K. Maslowski (Counseling Psychology and Community Services Program, College of Education and Human Development, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA)
Rick A. LaCaille (Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA)
Lara J. LaCaille (Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA)
Catherine M. Reich (Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA)
Jill Klingner (Department of Economics, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA)

Mental Health Review Journal

ISSN: 1361-9322

Publication date: 28 November 2019

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper, a meta-analysis and systematic review of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA), is to focus on studies that reported trainees’ mental health literacy, attitudes and helping-related behaviors, as well as the impact of the program for the people who came into contact with trainees (i.e. recipients).

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic search included several online databases of published studies, dissertations or theses, and journals commonly publishing research in this area. Studies were randomized or non-randomized control trials using an intervention based upon the adult or youth MHFA curriculum.

Findings

Of the 8,257 initial articles, 16 met inclusion criteria. Small-to-moderate effect sizes (Hedges’ g=0.18–0.53) were found for the primary outcomes for the trainees with effects appearing to be maintained at follow-up. Study quality was inversely associated with effect size. No evidence of investigator allegiance was detected. Few studies examined the effects for those who received aid from a MHFA trainee. Preliminary quantitative evidence appeared lacking (Hedges’ g=−0.04 to 0.12); furthermore, a qualitative review found limited positive effects.

Research limitations/implications

MHFA trainees appear to benefit from MHFA; however, objective behavioral changes are in need of greater emphasis. Additionally, considerably greater attention and effort in testing effects on distressed recipients is needed with future empirical investigations.

Originality/value

This is the first known review that includes preliminary findings on the effects of MHFA on the distressed recipients of the aid. It is anticipated that this will prompt further investigation into the impact of MHFA.

Keywords

Citation

Maslowski, A.K., LaCaille, R.A., LaCaille, L.J., Reich, C.M. and Klingner, J. (2019), "Effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid: a meta-analysis", Mental Health Review Journal, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 245-261. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHRJ-05-2019-0016

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Publisher

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited

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