The bigger, the better? Optimal NGO size of human resources and governance quality of entrepreneurship in circular economy
ISSN: 0025-1747
Article publication date: 11 July 2023
Issue publication date: 29 August 2024
Abstract
Purpose
The paper sets out to understand the key issues that the various functions and optimal allocation of NGOs (non-governmental organizations) in the circular economy that provide public services depend not only on external quantities or densities but also on their internal size of human resources.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses different data samples and models to study the influence mechanism of optimal NGO size of human resources and its differentiated effects on governance quality of entrepreneurship.
Findings
The authors find that a reduction in transaction costs and an increase in the aggregation degree of public demand lead to increased human capital and lower financial capital intensity. In addition, the authors find that NGO size of human resources has a relationship that is approximately U-shaped (or inverse U-shaped) with the governance quality of entrepreneurship.
Practical implications
The paper discusses the implications for programs that encourage NGOs to optimally determine their internal size of human resources and further improve the governance quality of entrepreneurship in the circular economy.
Originality/value
The paper reveals the significant nonmonotonic relationship between local governance quality and NGO financial size, even after controlling for other NGO, city and provincial characteristics.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
It is supported by the Open Project Program of Shanghai Innovation Center of Reverse Logistics and Supply Chain, Shanghai Polytechnic University.
Expression of concern: The publisher of Management Decision is issuing an Expression of Concern for the following article “Luo, J., Zhuo, W. and Xu, B. (2023), “The bigger, the better? Optimal NGO size of human resources and governance quality of entrepreneurship in circular economy”, Management Decision, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2023-0325, which was submitted to the guest-edited special issue ‘Navigating the role of circular economy in entrepreneurship: Opportunities and challenges’. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles with multiple concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and reviewing, undisclosed conflicts of interest, and lack of suitability for the scope of the journal. As a result of these concerns and as trust in the content is central to the integrity of the publication process, the Editor-in-Chief and publisher have taken the decision to publish an Expression of Concern for all articles within this special issue. The journal has not been able to confirm whether the authors were aware of these concerns. An investigation is ongoing and is currently unresolved. Further information will be provided by Management Decision as it becomes available.
Citation
Luo, J., Zhuo, W. and Xu, B. (2024), "The bigger, the better? Optimal NGO size of human resources and governance quality of entrepreneurship in circular economy", Management Decision, Vol. 62 No. 8, pp. 2472-2509. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2023-0325
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
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