TY - JOUR AB - Purpose This study aims to include two major objectives. Firstly, Frederick’s leadership is explored and characterized. Secondly, it is examined as to why a leader may (or may not) adopt servant leadership behavior in the case of Frederick II, King of Prussia.Design/methodology/approach The applied methodology is a historical examination of Frederick II’s leadership, an eighteenth-century’s monarch who has the reputation of being the “first servant of the state.” The analysis is conducted from the perspective of modern servant leadership research.Findings This study shows Frederick remains a rather non-transparent person of contradictions. The authors identified multiple reasons which explain why a leader may adopt servant leadership. Frederick’s motives to adopt a certain leadership behavior appear timeless and, thus, he most likely shares the same antecedents with today’s top executives.Research limitations/implications The authors identified various antecedents of individual servant leadership dimensions, an under-research area to date.Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to look at Frederick's leadership style through the lens of modern servant leadership. VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 1751-1348 DO - 10.1108/JMH-05-2019-0034 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/JMH-05-2019-0034 AU - Langhof Jan G. AU - Güldenberg Stefan PY - 2019 Y1 - 2019/01/01 TI - King Frederick the Great – Anti-Machiavellian and Servant Leader? T2 - Journal of Management History PB - Emerald Publishing Limited SP - 137 EP - 164 Y2 - 2024/04/25 ER -