Living Lab as knowledge system: an actual approach for managing urban service projects?

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to explore Living Labs (LL) as knowledge systems for urban service projects. This empirical study aims to identify and characterize knowledge in LL dedicated to urban service projects. It also aims to understand how through knowledge path, LL redefine the management of projects. First, the praxeologic and academic context underlining the main challenges associated to urban service projects is presented. It mainly concerns the growth of the cities (Haouès-Jouve, 2013), the problematic of social acceptability (Savard, 2013) as well as the normative approaches to manage projects (Kerzner, 2010). Second, a literature review on co-innovation and Livings Labs is presented. (Chesbrough, 2004; Gaglio, 2011). This paper also presents the concept of knowledge applied in an LL system (Sanders and Stappers, 2008). Here, knowledge refers to dynamic knowledge, as suggested by Argyris (1995).

Design/methodology/approach

In the third part, the goals of this study as well as the abductive and “partnership” qualitative methodology that was used are explained (Fontan and René, 2014). The constitutive and the operational definitions on knowledge that have been mobilized are detailed (Piaget, 1974; Gadille, 2012). A special focus is made, here, on distributed knowledge (Nowotny et al., 2002; Trepos, 1996), on “users” as “experts of uses” (Chen et al., 2010). Then, the sample and the four cases of LL that were explored are described.

Findings

Finally, the findings are presented. This paper exposed how knowledge lying in the loops of the LL system was characterized and how knowledge is mobilized in an LL. This paper also draws a theoretical model of project management referring to knowledge, LL and co-innovation approach.

Research limitations/implications

To conclude, several implications in project management research and urban studies are presented.

Practical implications

Several implications concern the current practices of project management. Due to some new societal challenges, it is considered that a new professional posture is required.

Social implications

Several implications concern citizens as users and stakeholders of urban projects.

Originality/value

The originality of the study lies in its content and its format. A specific participative approach was used to explore LL. This paper investigated knowledge in LL, which are new entities dedicated to very actual projects, where users are co-managers.

Citation

Lehmann, V., Frangioni, M. and Dubé, P. (2015), "Living Lab as knowledge system: an actual approach for managing urban service projects?", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 19 No. 5, pp. 1087-1107. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-02-2015-0058