Archetypes of integrated care

Abstract

Purpose

A synthesis of integrated care models classified by their aims and central characteristics does not yet exist. We present a collection of five “archetypes” of integrated care, defined by their aims, to facilitate model comparison and dialogue.

Design/methodology/approach

We used a purposive literature search and expert consultation strategy to generate five archetypes. Data were extracted from included articles to describe the characteristics and defining features of integrated care models.

Findings

A total of 25 examples of integrated care models (41 papers) were included to generate five archetypes of integrated care. The five archetypes defined include: (1) whole population models, (2) life stage models, (3) disease-focused models, (4) identity group-based models and (5) equity-focused models.

Research limitations/implications

The five presented archetypes offer a conceptual framework for academics, health system decision makers and patients, families, and communities seeking to develop, adapt, investigate or evaluate models of integrated care.

Originality/value

Two cross-cutting themes were identified, including (1) minimal reporting of patient, caregiver and community engagement efforts in integrated care development, implementation and evaluation, and (2) the nuanced emphasis and implementation of electronic data sharing methods across archetypes, and the need for further definition of the role of these data sharing methods.

Citation

Bird, M., Shaw, J., Brinton, C.D., Wright, V. and Steele Gray, C. (2024), "Archetypes of integrated care", Journal of Integrated Care, Vol. 32 No. 4, pp. 422-443. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICA-04-2024-0019