The effect of the Mongol invasion on the townscape of Iranian cities

Abstract

Purpose

The Mongol invasion caused widespread destruction in many cities; this research studies the destruction course of cities after the Mongol invasion and their reconstruction during the reform period, the change that it brought to the cityscapes of Iranian cities and the difference between the urbanscape of the cities that flourished or were re-established after these destructions with the cities prior to them.

Design/methodology/approach

The method of research used is historical interpretation/analysis. The historical texts of pre-Mongolian Persia and texts from the Ilkhanid era are studied, references to the shapes and appearances of Iranian cityscapes are classified, and with the help of contemporary interpretations and existing physical evidence, the urbanscape of these two periods are redrawn and compared to each other.

Findings

The selection of scenic meadows to build the city, the presence of many gardens in the urban patterns and the construction of satellite towns around large cities have been the effects of the Mongol tradition of (Yurt) tent-dwelling on Iranian cities during the reforms. The declining population and the massive migration of artists together with the rethinking of the rulers made the existence of dense cities with multi-storey houses less likely. The tradition of pre-designing the city and buildings and designing open and right-angled pathways continued after the Mongol invasion.

Originality/value

The prevailing belief is that during the Mongol era, only the destruction of cities took place and the Mongols did not create any cities and had no influence on urban development. This research aims to challenge that.

Citation

Khademzade, M.H., Tasdiqi, S., Mottaki, Z. and Hosseini, A. (2023), "The effect of the Mongol invasion on the townscape of Iranian cities", Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 872-886. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-07-2021-0134