Hot interpretations of difficult heritage: the Memorial Hall of the Nanjing Massacre in China
Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development
ISSN: 2044-1266
Article publication date: 22 September 2021
Issue publication date: 13 January 2022
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the construction of national heritage through the interpretation of sites and events, with a particular focus on hot interpretation at difficult heritage sites.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines the processes of difficult heritage interpretation at the Memorial Hall of the Nanjing Massacre over the past 30 years, and examines the resulting political implications.
Findings
Aligning with contemporary national social and political agendas, heritage interpretation at the Memorial Hall actively serves as an authorised educational tool. Despite the hot interpretation techniques used to stimulate the emotional impact of visitor experiences, this particular traumatic past has been utilised in nation building practices that legitimise specific histories and form a national image on an international stage.
Research limitations/implications
Heritage interpretation of difficult history will benefit from open dialogue and assessment of the past from multiple perspectives. This requires all stakeholders to work together to develop interpretation strategies that acknowledge and prioritise the needs of post-conflict societies. Without this form of open dialogue and reflection, the official claims of heritage interpretation achieving reconciliation between conflicted peoples remain superficial.
Originality/value
This study offers a novel contribution to the discussion of heritage interpretation. The results shed light on the cultural processes surrounding state interpretation of traumatic pasts for specific political uses. The study suggests ways in which heritage sectors and authorities can achieve social goals, such as public education, reconciliation and peacebuilding, through such processes of heritage interpretation.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the Australian Centre on China in the World at the ANU. An early version of the paper was presented in the workshop ‘Contested Memories’ at the Kyushu University in September 2019 and the Critical Heritage Studies Conference in August 2020. The author would like to thank William Logan, Sharon Macdonald, Hyun Kyung Lee, Edward Vickers and two reviewers for their generous comments. The author would also like to thank Patrick Baily and Brittany Burgess for their research assistance.
Citation
Zhu, Y. (2022), "Hot interpretations of difficult heritage: the Memorial Hall of the Nanjing Massacre in China", Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 32-44. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-05-2021-0085
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited