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Board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility in an international setting

Muhammad Kamran (School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia)
Hadrian Geri Djajadikerta (School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia)
Saiyidi Mat Roni (School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia)
Erwei Xiang (Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK)
Pakeezah Butt (School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia)

Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies

ISSN: 2042-1168

Article publication date: 22 April 2022

Issue publication date: 28 March 2023

810

Abstract

Purpose

This study examines how board gender diversity (BGD) interacts with the “tough vs tender” trait in country cultures in influencing firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Design/methodology/approach

An extensive set of environmental, social and governance (ESG) data of 5,748 firms from 70 countries were collected from Bloomberg terminal, and national-level data on “tough vs tender” societies were collected from the official website of Hofstede. The data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) and bootstrapping estimation techniques.

Findings

The findings show that BGD increases the extent of firms' CSR, with a more pronounced relationship in the tender than in the tough societies. Results are consistent in traditional (p-value based HMR) and robust (confidence intervals reliant bootstrapping) estimation techniques.

Originality/value

This study provides empirical evidence on tough vs tender societies' moderating role in the relationship between BGD and CSR from a rounded international setting. It also raises interesting insights about the dynamics in boards' responses to institutional forces as an avenue for future research.

Keywords

Citation

Kamran, M., Djajadikerta, H.G., Mat Roni, S., Xiang, E. and Butt, P. (2023), "Board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility in an international setting", Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 240-275. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-05-2021-0140

Publisher

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited

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