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A comparative analysis of sports gambling in the United States

Brendan Dwyer (Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA)
Ted Hayduk III (New York University, New York, New York, USA)
Joris Drayer (Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA)

International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship

ISSN: 1464-6668

Article publication date: 6 December 2021

Issue publication date: 19 August 2022

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to explore differences in demographic, self-concept and fan behavior factors that predict sports fans who bet and those who do not in legal and illegal gambling jurisdictions in the United States (US).

Design/methodology/approach

Seven hundred and eighty-nine sports fans and bettors from 47 states were surveyed through a partnership with a major media provider in the US. A number of demographic items, theoretically defined factors and fan behaviors were measured, and several two-way MANOVAs with interaction effects were conducted to determine differences between those who gamble and those who do not in legal and illegal jurisdictions.

Findings

Statistically significant differences between those who bet and those who do not were found. Bettors look different and come from different backgrounds and locations. Psychographically, they were clearly more narcissistic. They also indicated a higher social identity and self-worth, yet perceived themselves as less worthy members of important social institutions. In general, sports bettors out consumed non-bettors as it relates sports spectatorship. In terms of differences between the groups across legal and illegal states, only a few factors were impacted. Self-worth and personal identity were factors that were found to be different between groups and jurisdictions as well as DFS participation.

Originality/value

The US sports gambling market is expected to grow US$6.5 billion in the next five years, yet very little is known, psychographically, about the US sports bettor. Sports gambling research, especially from a marketing perspective, has primarily been limited to Australia and the United Kingdom. This paper contributes to what we know about sports gambling and the emerging US market. In particular, the results uncovered fundamental trait, demographic and behavioral differences between US sports fans and sports bettors. The findings also provide similar foundational differences and similarities between those who bet in states with legal and illegal gambling.

Keywords

Citation

Dwyer, B., Hayduk, T. and Drayer, J. (2022), "A comparative analysis of sports gambling in the United States", International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 684-706. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-03-2021-0074

Publisher

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited

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