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Hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a nonlinear permeable stretching/shrinking surface

Iskandar Waini (Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia)
Anuar Ishak (School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia)
Ioan Pop (Department of Mathematics, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow

ISSN: 0961-5539

Article publication date: 4 June 2019

Issue publication date: 11 September 2019

384

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the steady flow and heat transfer of a Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid over a nonlinear permeable stretching/shrinking surface with radiation effects. The surface velocity condition is assumed to be of the power-law form with an exponent of 1/3. The governing equations of the problem are converted into a system of similarity equations by using a similarity transformation.

Design/methodology/approach

The problem is solved numerically using the boundary value problem solver (bvp4c) in Matlab software. The results of the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number as well as the velocity and temperature profiles are presented through graphs and tables for several values of the parameters. The effects of these parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are examined and discussed.

Findings

Results found that dual solutions exist for a certain range of the stretching/shrinking and suction parameters. The increment of the skin friction coefficient and reduction of the local Nusselt number on the shrinking sheet is observed with the increasing of copper (Cu) nanoparticle volume fractions for the upper branch. The skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number increase when suction parameter is increased for the upper branch. Meanwhile, the temperature increases in the presence of the radiation parameter for both branches.

Originality/value

The problem of Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a nonlinear permeable stretching/shrinking surface with radiation effects is the important originality of the present study where the dual solutions for the flow reversals are obtained.

Keywords

Acknowledgements

The financial supports received from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Project Code: GUP-2018-153), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka and the Ministry of Education, Malaysia are gratefully acknowledged. The work of Ioan Pop was supported by the grant PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0036, UEFISCDI from the Romanian Ministry of Sciences. The authors also wish to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions.

Citation

Waini, I., Ishak, A. and Pop, I. (2019), "Hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a nonlinear permeable stretching/shrinking surface", International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, Vol. 29 No. 9, pp. 3110-3127. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-01-2019-0057

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited

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