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Identifying counterfeit brand logos: on the importance of the first and last letters of a logotype

Abhishek Pathak (School of Business, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK)
Carlos Velasco (Department of Marketing, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway)
Gemma Anne Calvert (Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore)

European Journal of Marketing

ISSN: 0309-0566

Article publication date: 19 June 2019

Issue publication date: 20 September 2019

1015

Abstract

Purpose

Counterfeiting is a menace in the emerging markets and many successful brands are falling prey to it. Counterfeit brands not only deceive consumers but also fuel a demand for lower priced replicas, both of which can devalue the bona-fide brand. But can consumers accurately identify a counterfeit logo? This paper aims to explore this question and examines the accuracy and speed with which a consumer can identify a counterfeit (vs original) logo.

Design/methodology/approach

Seven popular brand logos were altered by transposing and substituting the first and last letters of the logotypes. Consumers then classified the logos as counterfeit (vs original) across two experiments.

Findings

Participants were faster and more accurate in identifying a counterfeit logo when the first letter (vs last letter) of a logotype was manipulated, thus revealing last letter manipulations of a brand’s logotype to be more deceptive.

Research limitations/implications

This paper comments only on the manipulation of logotypes but not of logo symbols. Similarly, findings may not be generalizable across languages which are read from right to left.

Practical implications

Counterfeit trade is already a multibillion dollar industry. Understanding the key perceptual differentiators between a counterfeit (vs original) logo can be insightful for both consumers and firms alike.

Originality/value

Research available on objective measures of similarities (vs dissimilarities) between counterfeit (vs original) brand logos is limited. This paper contributes by examining the ability of consumers to discriminate between counterfeit (vs original) logos at different levels of visual similarity.

Keywords

Citation

Pathak, A., Velasco, C. and Calvert, G.A. (2019), "Identifying counterfeit brand logos: on the importance of the first and last letters of a logotype", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 53 No. 10, pp. 2109-2125. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-09-2017-0586

Publisher

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited

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