Retraction notice: Spatial spillover effects of technological innovation on total factor energy efficiency: taking government environment regulations into account for three continents

The publishers of the Business Process Management Journal wish to retract the article Zafar, S.Z., Zhilin, Q., Malik, H., Abu-Rumman, A., Al Shraah, A., Al-Madi, F. and Alfalah, T.F. (2021), “Spatial spillover effects of technological innovation on total factor energy efficiency: taking government environment regulations into account for three continents”, Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 27 No. 6, pp. 1874–1891. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-12-2020-0550

An internal investigation into a series of submissions has uncovered evidence that the peer review process was compromised. As a result of these concerns, the findings of the article cannot be relied upon. This decision has been taken in accordance with Emerald’s publishing ethics and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The authors of this article would like to note that they do not agree with the content of this notice.

The publishers of the journal sincerely apologize to the readers.