Physical properties and organoleptic evaluation of gluten-free bread from proso millet
ISSN: 0007-070X
Article publication date: 2 December 2019
Issue publication date: 9 January 2020
Abstract
Purpose
Gluten-free (GF) foods have gained momentum among consumers due to an increase in incidence and awareness of gluten sensitivity and intolerance. Millet is a GF grain with nutritive qualities comparable to other cereals. However, it was not clear how millet-based GF products would be accepted, leading to the goal of this research. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of formulation on physical properties and consumer preference of millet-based GF bread.
Design/methodology/approach
Three bread formulations were used: proso millet flour (100 percent), proso millet flour–corn starch (1:1), and proso millet flour–potato starch (1:1). Physical and sensory properties were statistically evaluated.
Findings
Starch addition to the bread formulation had a significant influence on bread volume, color and firmness. A consumer’s age, gluten intolerance and familiarity with millet products did influence the frequency of consumption of GF products. Gluten-intolerant panelists consumed GF products more often than others who are not. Older panelists reported consuming more GF products than younger panelists. Gender also had a significant effect on consumers’ preference for overall acceptability and crumb aroma. The formulation had a significant effect on consumers’ preference of crust color and crumb aroma.
Practical implications
The paper presents an understanding of how starch addition modulates bread properties for the GF market.
Originality/value
In this paper, the authors explored a novel approach to use different starches and proso millet for making GF bread and determined sensory responses based on demographics like age, celiac diagnosis and familiarity with GF foods. This vital information will help processors to determine the portion of the market to target and the formulation to explore further.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
The information reported in this paper is a project of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and it was supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch- Multistate project No. 1007893. The authors also recognize the funding support of the University of Kentucky Food Connection Student Opportunity Grants program.
Citation
Woomer, J., Singh, M., Vijayakumar, P.P. and Adedeji, A. (2020), "Physical properties and organoleptic evaluation of gluten-free bread from proso millet", British Food Journal, Vol. 122 No. 2, pp. 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-07-2019-0555
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited