Index
The Emerald Guide to Talcott Parsons
ISBN: 978-1-83982-657-3, eISBN: 978-1-83982-654-2
Publication date: 27 August 2020
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Citation
(2020), "Index", Scott, J. (Ed.) The Emerald Guide to Talcott Parsons (Emerald Guides to Social Thought), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-654-220201014
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020 John Scott
INDEX
Index
Aberle, David Friend
, 12
abstraction. See analytical realism
action frame of reference
, 33, 34ff., 43, 53, 55, 71, 79, 107, 125, 175, 184
action system
, 51, 73–79
activation of commitments. See commitments
Actor, Situation and Normative Pattern 49ff.
adaptation (A function)
, 60, 77, 90, 105–106, 108ff., 113, 119, 125, 129, 132, 133, 136, 141, 169, 171, 176, 179
See also allocation, situational need
affective orientation. See cathectic orientation
affectivity-neutrality
, 65, 87–90, 97, 98, 107ff., 113, 142
allocation
, 77–78, 106
See also adaptation
Allport, Gordon W.
, 14
American Society
, 20, 158
analysis. See analytical realism
analytical elements
, 44–45, 50, 52, 112, 140, 148, 184
analytical realism
, 33
analytical theory
, 46, 49, 52, 53, 104, 118, 148
ancient Israel
, 162
anomie
, 41, 43, 62, 95, 96
Arabia
, 161
archaic societies
, 160–161
Arunta society 159
ascription-achievement. See quality-performance
associational forum
, 144, 171–172, 173
associational relations and collectivities
, 128, 142, 144
Assyria
, 161
attitude set of pattern variables
, 87ff., 107
authority
, 27, 40, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 83, 85, 139, 150, 171
Ayers, Clarence
, 6
Babylon
, 161
Bales, Robert Freed
, 103, 105, 109, 111, 118
Barber, Bernard
, 16
behavioural system (biological organism)
, 80, 125–127, 145, 176, 178–179
Bellah, Robert
, 16, 157, 158, 181
Bernard, Claude
, 121
Bierstedt, Robert
, 9
biological organism. See behavioural system
boundary maintenance
, 51, 76, 95, 124
bourgeoisie
, 164, 165
Brentano, Lujo
, 7
bureaucracy
, 27, 139, 160
Byzantium
, 164
Cannon, Walter
, 51, 57, 60, 121
capitalism
, 24ff., 165, 185
Capitalism According to Sombart and Max Weber
, 24
cathectic orientation
, 56, 80, 87, 116, 145
See also modes of expression, telic orientation
charisma
, 152
chiefdoms
, 160
China
, 101, 161
Christianity
, 163
citizenship
, 166, 170, 172, 173
civil religion
, 147, 167–168, 173
civil society. See associational forum
coercion
, 40, 41, 47, 58, 139, 149
cognitive orientation
, 56, 80, 87, 116, 145, 176
See also rational action
Cohen, Albert K.
, 16, 168
collective consumption
, 144
collectivity
, 84, 94, 127, 128, 139
commitments
, 19, 93, 128, 130, 131, 140, 142, 144, 146, 149, 150, 152, 153, 155, 169
common ends
, 41
Commons, John
, 6
communal relations and collectivities
, 128, 142, 144
communicative relations, nexus of
, 173
Comte, Auguste
, 4, 181
conceptual scheme
, 32, 51
conceptual scheme of action. See action frame of reference
contract, institution of
, 135, 137, 171
Cooley, Charles Horton
, 4, 6, 115, 185
cultural institutions
, 85
cultural system
, 47, 75, 122, 125–127, 145, 147, 175–177
culture. See cultural system
cybernetics
, 19, 121, 126, 147, 179
Davis, Kingsley
, 9, 12
democratic revolution
, 165–166
descriptive frame of reference
, 32
See also descriptive generalisations
descriptive generalisations
, 44, 52, 158, 184
See also analytical theory
deviance amplification
, 94
Dubin, Robert
, 118, 176
Durkheim, Emile
, 7, 29, 35, 42, 115, 142, 159, 185
economic aspect of action
, 39, 45, 57, 60, 129, 172
economic system. See economy
economy
, 26, 83, 91, 129, 132, 133ff., 140, 148, 155, 171
Economy and Society
, 19, 133, 185
educational revolution
, 168–169
ego 116–117
, 178
See also cognitive orientation
Egypt
, 161
Eisenstadt, Shmuel
, 158
element abstraction
, 44, 45
See also analytical elements, part abstraction
Ellwood, Charles
, 4
emergent properties
, 44, 45
empirical generalisations. See descriptive generalisations
energy
, 126, 141, 180
England (Britain)
, 164, 165, 169
environment, physical
, 179–181
See also adaptation
equilibrium
, 51, 76, 93, 106, 115, 123
ethnicity
, 172–173
evaluative orientation
, 81, 116
See also teleological orientation
Evans-Pritchard, Sir Edward
, 7, 160
evolutionary theory
, 158
expressive orientation and action
, 81–2, 83, 107, 109, 176
See also modes of expression
fact
, 32
fallacy of misplaced concreteness
, 33
Family, Socialization, and Interaction Process
, 19
fascism. See National Socialism
fiduciary
, 130, 131, 140, 145ff., 155, 168, 169
Firth, Raymond
, 7
Fox Renée
, 16
France
, 164, 165
Freud, Sigmund, and Freudian theory
, 15, 56, 59, 62, 79, 93, 104, 115, 117, 178, 185
Friedan, Betty
, 20
Fromm, Erich
, 115
function
, 53–4, 60
See also functional imperative, system needs
functional imperative
, 76–77, 96, 103, 105, 118, 124, 129, 132, 176
functional primacy
, 131, 169
functional problem. See functional imperative
Garfinkel, Harold
, 16
Gay, Edwin
, 8
Gemeinschaft complex
, 143, 172
generalised media. See symbolic media
Gesselschaft complex
, 143
Giddings, Franklin
, 4
Ginsberg, Morris
, 7
goal attainment (G function)
, 107, 108ff., 119, 125, 129, 132, 136, 138, 141, 171, 176, 179
Gould, Mark
, 157
Greece
, 162–163
Hamilton, Walton
, 6
Harvard, Department of Social Relations
, 14, 17
influential researchers at
, 4, 30, 51, 126
health
, 97
Hegel, Georg W. F.
, 25
Henderson, Lawrence J.
, 8, 9, 30–31, 32, 50
historic intermediate empires
, 161–162
Hobbes, Thomas
, 40, 138
Hobhouse, Leonard Trelawny
, 6–7
Holy Roman Empire
, 164
Homans, George Caspar
, 9
homeostasis. See self-regulation
Horney, Karen
, 55, 62, 115
human condition
, 118, 175ff.
id
, 116–117, 178
See also cathectic orientation
idealism
, 34
identity
, 178
identification
, 93, 117
illness
, 97
India
, 161
inducement
, 149, 153
industrial revolution
, 165–166
influence
, 13, 19, 58, 61, 150, 151–152, 153, 155
information
, 126, 141, 149, 159
Inkeles, Alex
, 16
institutional individualism
, 171, 172
institutionalisation
, 26, 78, 147
institutions
, 42, 43, 47, 59, 61, 62–63, 64, 67, 78, 83, 127, 131, 133, 150
See also cultural institutions norms and normative order, regulative institutions, relational institutions
instrumental activism
, 167, 168, 169
instrumental complex
, 83, 96
See also intermediate complex
instrumental orientation and action
, 81–82, 83, 107, 109, 133
integration (I function)
, 60, 62, 77–78, 90, 105–106, 108ff., 119, 125, 130, 132, 136, 141, 142, 169, 171, 176, 179
integrative need
, 54, 62–63
See also integration
intermediate complex of action
, 39, 41, 47, 133, 138
intermediate societies
, 160
internalisation
, 78, 115, 128, 147
intrinsic effectiveness of control
, 149
Islam
, 162, 163, 164
Italy
, 164
Johnson, Harry Morton
, 16
Keynes, (John) Maynard
, 138
kinship
, 50, 65, 83, 91, 100, 134, 143, 159, 170
Kluckhohn, Clyde
, 9, 13–14
Lacan, Jacques
, 20
Laski, Harold J.
, 7
latency 76
, 109, 119, 126, 131, 147, 168, 169, 176
See also pattern maintenance and tension management
law and legal regulation
, 59, 141, 143, 165
legitimation
, 59, 83, 140, 151, 155, 161, 169
Lévi-Strauss, Claude
, 20, 159
Levy, Marion
, 16
Lidz, Victor
, 157, 176, 178
Linton, Ralph
, 84
MacIver, Robert Morrison
, 5
Malinowski, Bronisław
, 7
market relations
, 40, 91, 134, 137, 161, 165, 169, 170
Marshall Lectures at Cambridge (UK)
, 18, 133
Marshall, Alfred
, 8, 29, 35
Marshall, Thomas Humphrey
, 171
Marx, Karl
, 7, 23, 25
Mayhew, Leon
, 157
Mayo, Elton
, 9, 10, 15
Mead, George Herbert
, 4, 115
mechanical solidarity
, 142, 143, 170
membership, in a societal community
, 142, 151
meme. See symbol
Merton, Robert King
, 9, 12, 17
Mesopotamia
, 161
modernity and modern societies
, 158, 163, 166
modes of expression
, 38, 43, 56, 81
money
, 19, 92, 137–8, 150, 153, 154, 155, 161, 169
Moore, Wilbert
, 9
moral leadership
, 152
moral norms and moral order
, 41–42, 67, 81, 174
moral orientation and action
, 81–82, 83, 145, 177
See also ritual action
motivational orientation
, 50, 54, 79, 95, 115, 132, 134
Murngin society
, 159
Myrdal, Gunnar
, 173
Nadel, Siegfried F.
, 160
National Socialism, Parsons’s views on
, 12, 50, 138
Netherlands
, 165
norms and normative order
, 36, 37, 43, 55, 57, 59, 61, 67, 74, 127, 142, 150, 162, 168, 170
See also institutions
object set of pattern variables
, 87ff., 99, 107
organic solidarity
, 142, 143
Pareto, Vilfredo
, 9, 29, 31, 35, 50
Parsons Anne
, 11, 20, 29
Parsons, Talcott
advice given on Durkheim
, 7, 10
at Harvard
, 8ff., 105, 111
critics of
, 1, 183
death
, 21, 176
Department of Social Relations
, 14, 71
discovery of Weber
, 7
doctoral dissertation
, 23–24
FBI investigation
, 17–18
influence on sociology at Cambridge (UK)
, 18
life and character
, 2–3, 5ff.
medical interests
, 6, 14–15, 17, 96ff.
on soft power
, 13
political views
, 17
psychoanalytical training
, 15, 115
relations with Sorokin
, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18
studies at Heidelberg
, 7–8, 21, 23
studies at LSE
, 6–7
use of diagrams
, 112–113
war-time activities
, 12–13
work on American society
, 20, 127, 157–158, 167
writing style
, 3, 17, 71–72, 183–184, 186
part abstraction
, 44, 45, 53, 104
See also element abstraction
particularistic-achievement pattern
, 101
particularistic-ascription pattern
, 102–103
pattern maintenance and tension management (L function)
, 108ff., 119, 130, 131, 132, 137, 141, 145, 147, 176
See also latency
pattern variables
, 16, 50, 54, 64, 86ff., 97, 103, 104, 106, 107, 112, 113, 121, 130, 131, 133, 134, 145, 147, 168, 176
personality system
, 56, 74, 79, 103, 115, 122, 125–127, 145, 168, 175–177
persuasion
, 58, 59, 61, 149
phase structure of action
, 110–111, 114
Piaget, Jean
, 178
Platt, Gerald
, 145
political aspect of action
, 40, 45, 60, 129, 138, 171, 172
political support system
, 155
polity
, 129, 132, 133, 138ff., 148, 155, 166, 169, 170
positivism
, 34, 40
power, political
, 13, 19, 40, 47, 67, 92, 139, 148, 150–151, 153, 154, 155, 160, 161, 165, 170
prerequisite, system. See functional imperative
prestige
, 67, 83, 151, 154, 172, 173
primitive societies
, 134, 137, 143, 158–160
problem of order
, 40, 58, 78
professionalism
, 16, 50, 63–65, 97, 152, 169
property
, 84, 135, 159, 168, 171
Psychoanalysis and Social Structure,
, 104
psychoanalysis. See Freud and Freudian theory, Karen Horney
psychology as a science
, 47, 79
quality-performance (ascription-achievement)
, 68–69, 88–90, 97, 99, 107ff., 113, 134, 138, 142, 168, 169, 172
Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald
, 10
rational action
, 37–38, 56, 81
rationality
, 25, 45–46, 64, 169
Reformation
, 164
regulative institutions
, 85
relational institutions
, 84
religion and religious orientations
, 42, 57, 60, 91, 92, 126, 134, 147, 160, 161, 162, 167, 173, 177
religious pluralism
, 164, 166, 167
Renaissance
, 164
resource mobilisation system
, 155
ritual action
, 37–38, 42, 56, 81
roles
, 59, 60, 84, 89, 127
Rome
, 161, 162, 163
Ross, Edward
, 4
Russell, Bertrand
, 30
Russia
, 166
Salin, Edgar
, 23
Schmoller, Gustav
, 8
Schumpeter, Joseph
, 8, 11, 138
Schutz, Alfred
, 11
seed-bed societies
, 162
self-regulation
, 51–52, 57, 61, 121, 122
sex-role differentiation
, 65–66, 84, 91, 100, 116–117
Shilluk society
, 160
Shils, Edward
, 16, 71, 109, 170
sick role
, 17, 97–98
Simmel, Georg
, 4
situational need
, 54, 62–63, 149
See also adaptation
Small, Albion
, 4
Smelser, Neil J.
, 16, 19, 133, 138
social capital
, 144
social control
, 48, 61, 78, 92–95, 132, 134
social system
, 56, 74, 122, 125–127, 145, 175–177
socialisation
, 48, 61, 78, 92–95, 127, 132, 134
societal community
, 130, 132, 135, 140, 141ff., 151, 155, 162, 163, 164, 166, 170, 171
Societies. Evolutionary and Comparative Perspectives
, 20, 158ff., 182
sociology
American
, 3ff.
as a science
, 47
solidarity
, 83, 94, 109, 130, 135, 142, 143, 144, 145, 162, 170, 172, 185
Sombart, Werner
, 7, 8, 24, 26–27, 35
Sorokin, Pitirim
, 8, 76
specificity-diffuseness
, 64, 87–90, 97, 98, 108ff., 113, 142
Spencer, Herbert
, 4, 29, 181, 182, 185
states
, 139
status
, 66
Stouffer, Samuel
, 15
stratification
, 50, 59, 60, 61, 63, 66–69, 83, 85, 91, 144, 151, 154, 162, 172
structural differentiation
, 128, 129, 133, 139, 141, 143, 150, 160, 166
structural functional theory
, 16, 49ff., 71, 76ff., 118, 122, 128, 158, 185
structure
, 44, 53, 59, 77, 104, 127, 184
subjective orientation
, 54, 174, 184
subsystems
, 19, 113, 118, 121, 124, 132, 155, 168, 182
Sumeria
, 161
Sumner, William Graham
, 4, 6
superego
, 116, 178
See also evaluative orientation
symbol, as equivalent to meme
, 159
symbolic interchanges
, 114, 148, 155
symbolic media
, 19, 59, 149, 150, 155, 182
system needs (system problems)
, 54, 60, 111
system theory
, 19, 51, 76, 121
Taussig, Frank
, 8
Tawney, (Richard) Henry
, 7
teleological orientation
, 56
See also evaluative orientation, ritual action
telic orientation
, 145, 146, 181, 182
See also cathectic orientation
The American University
, 20, 145
The Social System
, 19, 55, 71ff., 103, 104, 109, 142, 176
The Structure of Social Action
, 10, 11, 14, 16, 29ff., 49, 51, 55, 57, 60, 72, 78, 82, 107, 138, 142, 181, 182, 185
The System of Modern Societies
, 20, 158ff.
theory and theoretical system
, 32, 52
Tillich, Paul
, 126
Tolman, Edward
, 16
Tönnies, Ferdinand
, 16, 50, 54, 86, 142
totemism
, 159
Towards a General Theory of Action
, 16, 71–72, 89
traditionalism
, 42, 57, 101
ultimate reality
, 126, 147, 179, 181
ultimate values
, 36, 37–38, 43, 47, 181
unit act
, 35
United States
, 166, 167ff.
universalism-particularism
, 64, 88–90, 97, 98, 99, 108ff., 113, 134, 138, 142
universalistic-achievement pattern
, 100
universalistic-ascription pattern
, 101
value commitments. See commitments
value patterns. See pattern variables
value relevance
, 32
values and value integration
, 41, 45, 91, 127
See also ultimate values
Values in American Society
, 157
variables
, 45, 154–155
See also pattern variables
Veblen, Thorstein
, 5, 6
voluntarism and voluntaristic theory of action
, 30, 35, 123, 125
Warner, (William) Lloyd
, 10, 159
wealth
, 40, 67
Weber, Alfred
, 8
Weber, Max
, 7, 24, 26–27, 29, 35, 39, 68, 96, 134, 158, 162, 165, 185
White, Winston
, 157
Whitehead, Alfred North
, 30, 33, 52
Whyte, William Foote
, 9, 168
Williams, Robin
, 9, 16
Working Papers in the Theory of Action
, 19, 104ff., 121, 129, 176
youth culture
, 65
zone of interpenetration
, 145
Zulu society
, 160
- Prelims
- 1: Talcott Parsons and American Sociology
- 2: Parsons, Economics, and Sociology
- 3: The Sociology is About to Begin!
- 4: Outlines of a Sociological Theory
- 5: A Theory of the Social System
- 6: Refining the Functional Basis
- 7: A Revised Theory of the Social System
- 8: Evolution, Modernity, and American Society
- 9: Action, Society, and the Human Condition
- 10: Parsons: Looking Forward
- Appendix 1
- Appendix 2
- Index