Index
Energy Security in Times of Economic Transition: Lessons from China
ISBN: 978-1-83982-465-4, eISBN: 978-1-83982-464-7
Publication date: 20 January 2021
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Lixia, Y. (2021), "Index", Energy Security in Times of Economic Transition: Lessons from China, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-464-720201010
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Index
Acceptability (AC)
data
, 57
indicators
, 49–52
Adequacy
, 19, 34
Administrative Measures for the Coal Production License
, 85
Affordability (AF)
, 20
data
, 57–58
indicators
, 52–53
Aggregated energy security indicators
, 34–36
Air pollutant emissions
, 49
Air pollution control during reform period
, 96–101
Air Pollution Prevention Law
, 98
Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP)
, 7, 27
Analytical robustness
, 41
Applicability (AP)
data
, 55–57
indicators
, 44–48
4-As evolution
, 59
AC trend
, 69–71
AF trend
, 71–72
AP trend
, 68–69
AV trend
, 66–67
Asian Financial Crisis
, 140
Availability
, 20
Availability indicators (AV)
data
, 54–55
indicators
, 42–44
Availability of resource, applicability of technology, acceptability by society framework (3-A framework)
, 22–23, 31
Availability of resources, applicability of technologies, acceptability by society, affordability of prices framework (4-As framework)
, 11–12
Average thermal efficiency of power plants
, 47
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
, 5, 10, 151–152, 161
projects in world’s energy sector
, 152–158
BP Statistical Review of World Energy
, 54
Brightness Program and Ride the Wind Program
, 70
Brightness Project Implementation Planning
, 103
Carbon
factor
, 51n14
intensity
, 50n12
Carbon capture and storage technology (CCS technology)
, 101n21
Carbonisation index (see Carbon factor)
Central Asia, BRI projects in
, 152–154
CFC-Free Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project
, 93
China Energy Conservation Investment Corporation (CECIC)
, 132
China Energy Statistical Yearbook
, 54
China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC)
, 135
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)
, 129, 152
China Petrochemical Corporation
, 129
China Statistical Yearbook (CSY)
, 54
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
, 154–155
China’s Agenda 21
, 70, 97
China’s CO2 emissions
, 49–50
China’s coal reserves
, 54–55
China’s economic reform and energy security
, 148–149
China’s electricity generation
, 88–90
China’s Energy in Fifty Years
, 7
China’s energy policy
, 5–9
importance of analysing
, 4–5
China’s energy security
, 5–9
under BRI
, 170
frameworks evaluating
, 27–28
China’s Medium and Long Term Energy Conservation Plan
, 93
China’s new energy and renewable energy development outline
, 102
China’s oil and gas industry
, 87
China’s oil balance
, 87–88
natural gas development in China
, 88
China’s SO2 emissions
, 50
Chinese economy
, 167
Chinese tax system
, 130–131
Climate change
, 20
Coal
, 49, 52, 68
coal-electricity price linkage mechanism
, 146
coal-sector reform
, 117–118
pricing
, 137–139
Coal Industry Policy
, 96
Coal price
policies on
, 106–107
volatility
, 58
Coal production during reform period
adjustment of coal industry distribution and development
, 82–84
contribution of China’s TVCMs to coal production
, 84–87
Coal reserve-to-production ratio (Coal R/P ratio)
, 42
Coalbed methane (CBM)
, 84
Command
, 4–5
Compatible macro-policy environment
, 169
Competitive price
, 3n2
Contract responsibility system (CRS)
, 115
Crisis capability index (CC index)
, 37
Critical geopolitics
, 2
Crude oil distillation capacity
, 47
‘Cultural revolution’, energy policies during
, 81–82
Data coding
, 58–59
Decision about Investment Regime Reform
, 69
Decision of the State Council on further Strengthening the Work of Environmental Protection
, 97
Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Energy Conservation Work
, 94
Demand-side management
, 20
Direct indicators
, 41
Diversification of Primary Energy Demand (DoPED)
, 35
Diversity index
, 34–35
Domestic SOEs
, 103
Driving force SIs
, 37
Driving force–state–response model (DSR model)
, 37–38
Earth Summit (1992)
, 32
Ecological diversity
, 35
Economic dimension
, 20
Economic factor
, 37
Electric Power Law of the People’s Republic of China (1996)
, 108–109
Electric Power Sector Reform Plan
, 144
Electricity
, 44, 46
policies on electricity price
, 107–109
prices
, 52
supply
, 44
Eleventh Five-Year Plan of Renewable Energy Development
, 90
Energy
, 1
advancement of energy technologies
, 95–96
conservation
, 62, 90–95
consumption per capita
, 53
efficiency indicators
, 20, 45
energy–environment indicators
, 33n11
factor
, 37
price volatility
, 34
pricing
, 52
self-sufficiency rate
, 34
technology
, 45
Energy import
dependence ratio
, 43
dependency
, 34
Energy indicators for sustainable development (EISD)
, 38, 42–43
Energy industry
reform
, 8
technical updating and transformation investment/investment
, 48
Energy intensity
, 34, 45–46, 90–95
Energy Leading Group (ELG)
, 147
Energy policy
, 1–4, 17–18, 75
during ‘cultural revolution’
, 81–82
of AC dimension
, 96–106
of AF dimension
, 106–110
of AP dimension
, 90–96
of AV dimension
, 82–90
effects
, 77
Great Leap Forward Period
, 77–80
investment
, 76
reform of energy enterprises
, 76–77
for third front construction
, 80
Energy sector reform
, 115, 142
adjustment and recovering of economy
, 124–126
adjustment of economy
, 116
coal-sector reform
, 117–118
economic reform
, 141–142
government restructuring
, 127–128
HRS
, 117–118
initial period
, 116–119
market
, 118–119
from rural to urban
, 119–124
Energy security
, 1–4, 17
analytical framework
, 12–15
assessment frameworks for
, 22–28
need for holistic approach
, 28–32
quantification
, 32–38
research methodology
, 15
research questions and key findings
, 5
spectrum
, 24
study value and contributions to knowledge
, 9–10
views on
, 17–28
Energy Security physical availability indicator (ESIvolume)
, 35
Energy Security price indicator (ESIprice)
, 35
Environmental dimension
, 20
Environmental protection, increasing attention to
, 147–148
Environmental Protection Law
, 97
European Union (EU)
, 43
Financial reform and energy sector
, 131–133
Fiscal reform
, 167
and energy sector
, 130–131
Five-dimensional framework
, 25–26
Five-Year Plan period (FYP period)
, 8, 39, 76, 113, 164
Fossil fuels
, 1
Four-dimensional frameworks
, 23–25
Frontier Works Organisation (FWO)
, 154
Fuel mix in electricity generation
, 51
General Contract Program
, 83
Geopolitical ideology
, 2
Geopolitics
, 2
Gezhouba project
, 81
Global Terrorism Index (GTI)
, 155
Globalisation
, 2
Government restructuring
, 127–128
energy sector under
, 128–130
Great Leap Forward Period
, 77
adjustment of investments in energy industry
, 79
of coal industry
, 77–78
on energy industry
, 79
energy policies in
, 77
of power and oil industries
, 78–79
Gross generation efficiency of fossil fuel-fired power plants
, 46–47
Group Company System (GCS)
, 133
HELIO International
, 33n13
High-in policy
, 108
High-out policy
, 108
Household Responsibility System (HRS)
, 12, 114, 117–118, 162
‘Hydropower-based’ development approach
, 78
Imbalance index
, 62–63
Import dependence ratio
, 43
Independent energy security measurement systems
, 36
CC index
, 37
DSR model
, 37–38
S/D index
, 36
Independent power producers (IPPs)
, 108
Indicators for Sustainable Energy Development (ISED)
, 37–38
Indicators identification
, 32–38
Indirect indicators
, 41
Initial public offering (IPO)
, 156
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
, 37
International Energy Agency (IEA)
, 15, 33n10
Investment
, 76
Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
, 45
Kazakhstan
, 153
Kuomintang government (KMT government)
, 76
Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Coal Industry
, 86
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
, 54
Long-term energy security
, 19
Macro economy-driven energy security mechanism
, 12, 14–15, 161–162, 169 (see also Independent energy security measurement systems)
Management Regulations of Township and Village Coalmines
, 85
Market
, 5, 118–119
reforms
, 134
Marketisation
, 145–147
Measurability
, 41
Medium and Long-term Renewable Energy Development Plan
, 90
Middle East, BRI projects in
, 156–158
Middle East Oil Import Dependency (MEOID)
, 35–36
Military factor
, 37
Ministry of Coal Industry
, 78, 85, 129–130
Ministry of Electrical Power (MEP)
, 134
Ministry of Fuel Industry
, 75
Mitigation Assessment (MA)
, 37
Modern Enterprise System (MES)
, 133
Multi-fossil-fuels approach
, 35
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)
, 47
National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)
, 71, 93, 141
National Economic Commission
, 91
National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA)
, 95, 129
National oil companies (NOCs)
, 133, 153
and oil price liberalisation
, 136–137
National People’s Congress (NPC)
, 84
National Plan for Medium-to Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development
, 96
Natural gas
development in China
, 88
reserve-to-consumption ratio
, 44
Net Energy Import Dependency (NEID)
, 35–36
Net Oil Import Dependency (NOID)
, 35–36
New Plant, New Price policy
, 108
Ninth Five-Year Plan of Industrialization of New and Renewable Energy
, 70
Non-Carbon-based Fuel Portfolio (NCFP)
, 35–36
Not in my backyard (NIMBY)
, 21
Notice on Issues of Further Support for Renewable Energy Development
, 103
Nuclear energy
, 71
Nuclear power
, 105–106 (see also Power)
Oil import dependence ratio
, 42–43
Oil price
liberalisation
, 136–137
policies on
, 109–110
Oil supply crisis
, 19
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 25
Particular matter concentration level emissions (PM10 emissions)
, 50n13
Patents
, 48
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
, 4, 75
Performance scoring
, 59
Persuasion
, 5
Plans on Medium-and Long-term Development of Renewable Energy Resources
, 71
Policy relevance
, 41
Political factor
, 37
Power
plants and grids
, 67
power-sector reform
, 120–121
shortages
, 147
Price reform and ‘cross the price hurdle’
, 122–124
Pricing liberalisation
, 72
Production Lump Sum Policy
, 109
Property rights
, 13
Provisional Regulations Regarding Energy Conservation Management
, 91
Qualitative methodology
, 165–170
Quantitative analysis of energy security in China
, 39
4-As evolution
, 59–72
data
, 54–58
data coding
, 58–59
formulation of indicators
, 39–53
performance scoring
, 59
Quantitative methodology
, 163–165
Reasonable price
, 3n2, 20, 34
Reform of energy enterprises
, 76–77
Regulation on Management of Grid-connected Wind Farms (1994)
, 102
Reliability
, 19, 34
Renewable energies
, 101–105
Renewable Energy Law
, 71, 90, 104–105
Renewable Energy Promotion Law
, 70
Renewable energy share in energy and electricity
, 51
Research Report on China’s Energy Policy
, 7
Response SIs
, 37
Retail electricity prices
, 52n16
Retail gasoline/petrol prices
, 52n16
Ride the Wind Program
, 102
Risk Assessment (RA)
, 37
Rural biogas
, 103
‘Scientific Outlook on Development’
, 143
Selection difficulty
, 40
Self-sufficiency
, 43n5
Sending Electricity to Townships
, 103
Shannon-Wiener index
, 35–36
Short-term energy security
, 19
Simple energy security indicators
, 34
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
, 80
‘Socialism with Chinese characteristics’
, 119–120
‘Socialist planned commodity economy’
, 119–120
Soot emissions, volume of
, 50–52
South Asia, BRI projects in
, 154–155
Southeast Asia, BRI projects in
, 158–159
Spatial scale
, 39
Stability of electricity prices
, 53n17
State Administration for Coal Industry
, 128
State coalmines
, 137–139
State Development and Planning Commission (SDPC)
, 102, 128
State Economic and Trade Commission (SETC)
, 70, 98, 127–128
State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC)
, 144
State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)
, 98, 129
State Petrochemical Industry Bureau (SPIB)
, 128
State Planning Commission (SPC)
, 81
State Power Corporation of China (SPCC)
, 14, 133
State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC)
, 158
State SIs
, 37
State-owned enterprises (SOEs)
, 13, 89, 95, 114, 162
energy sector under
, 144–145
reform
, 132–133, 143–145
reform in coal sector
, 137
reform in oil sector
, 135–136
reform in power sector
, 134–135
Steel Industry Development Policy
, 94
Supply of energy
, 31
Supply/Demand Index (S/D Index)
, 36
Surety, survivability, supply, sufficiency, and sustainability (‘five Ss’)
, 22
Sustainability indicators (SIs)
, 37, 40
Sustainable development factor
, 37
Sustainable energy development
, 163
Sustainable Energy Programs under Agenda 21
, 97
Sustainable Energy Watch reports (SEW reports)
, 33n13
Tariff Reform Plan
, 109
Technology
, 20, 31, 46
innovation
, 20
Tentative Provisions on Pollution Charge
, 96
Tenth Five-Year Plan for New and Renewable Energy Commercialization Development
, 70
‘Third Front’ of China’s industrial distribution
, 80
Time scale
, 39
Top 1
, 000 Enterprises Energy Conservation Action Implementation Plan, 94
Total Load Control
, 99n20
Total primary energy supply (TPES)
, 35, 43, 51
Town and village coalmines (TVCMs)
, 12–13, 66, 83–85, 117, 137–139
Township and village enterprises (TVEs)
, 97, 116, 117n5, 166
Traditional geopolitics
, 2
Transmission and distribution (T&D)
, 135
Transport factor
, 37
Turkmenistan
, 153
Two-cent policy
, 108
Two-tier pricing system
, 12–13, 121–122
U. S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
, 54
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DSD)
, 33n12
United Nations Development Programme
, 21
United Nations Work Programme on Indicators of Sustainable Development (WPISD)
, 37
User utility
, 41
Volatility of coal prices
, 53
Western development strategy and impact on energy sector
, 139
China’s regional disparities and
, 139–140
energy sector under
, 140–141
World Energy Council (WEC)
, 54
World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002)
, 45
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Into the Landscapes
- Chapter 2: Energy Security: Concepts, Frameworks and Indicators
- Chapter 3: Quantitative Analysis of Energy Security in China
- Chapter 4: Energy Policy in China Since its Reform and Opening Up
- Chapter 5: The Impact of Economic Reforms on the Energy Sector and Energy Security
- Chapter 6: Belt and Road Initiative and China’s Energy Security: Can China be More Energy Secured?
- Chapter 7: Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index