Accelerated weathering

, 135

Accessibility

, 265

Advanced clean energy technologies

, 134

Afforestation

, 129

Agriculture

, 131

Air pollution by efficient transportation system, reduction of

, 170

Air quality improvement

, 131

Air quality index (AQR)

, 165

Akaike Information Criteria (AIC)

, 242

Alternating current (AC)

, 181

AMP Robotics

, 90

Amsterdam, Netherlands

, 65

Amsterdam Circular Challenge

, 29

Amsterdam Circular Innovation Programme

, 29

‘Amsterdam City Doughnut’ initiative

, 28–29

Amsterdam’s Circular Buiksloterham project

, 45

Amsterdam’s circular construction practices

, 30

Analytic approach

, 34

Artificial intelligence (AI)

, 2, 10, 50, 52, 68, 72, 84, 98, 100, 140–141, 148–150, 216–217

AI-based data services

, 54

AI-driven data collection and analysis

, 87–88

AI-driven sorting systems

, 87

AI-enabled predictive analytics

, 86

AI-enhanced waste management and recycling

, 90

background and context of CE in smart cities

, 84–85

behavioural insights and citizen engagement

, 91–92

benefits and challenges of AI-enhanced CE in smart cities

, 93

call for collaborative efforts

, 93

case study

, 228–229

citizen engagement and behaviour analysis

, 87

complex data handling and analysis

, 86

efficiency in circular supply chains

, 86

enhanced waste management

, 87

explanation of IoT sensors and data collection mechanisms

, 88

future potential

, 93

literature review

, 216–219

policy effectiveness and adaptation

, 87

predictive analytics for CE planning

, 88–89

predictive capabilities for optimization

, 86

in processing and analysing vast datasets

, 88

product design and lifecycle analysis

, 91

rationale for integrating AI technologies into CE practices

, 86–87

regulatory compliance and policy adaptation

, 92

research objectives

, 85

research scope

, 86

resource tracking and circular supply chain optimization

, 89

scope and future work

, 230

sustainable product design

, 87

use of AI

, 219–228

ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)

, 40–41

Assessment process

, 30

Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

, 37, 238–239

Economic Community

, 44

Augmented reality (AR)

, 267

Automated driving systems

, 199

Automation

, 2, 17–18

Autonomous vehicles revolutionizing urban mobility

, 202–203

Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)

, 236–237, 239, 241

Bounds Approach

, 242

Avatars

, 271

Balance of Plant (BoP)

, 181

Barriers and challenges

circular economy in smart cities with available

, 139–140

content analysis

, 147–150

descriptive analysis

, 142–147

limitations and scope for future research

, 154–155

methodology

, 141–142

practical implications

, 154

results

, 142–150

theoretical implication

, 154

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs)

, 183

Behaviour analysis

, 87

Behavioural change

, 135

Bibliometric analysis (see also Content analysis)

, 10, 18–19, 141–142, 152, 154

data analysis and result

, 11–16

data collection

, 10–11

future work

, 20

identification of research gaps

, 11

limitations

, 19

methodology

, 10–11

results

, 17

theoretical implementations

, 18–19

top co-authorship analysis

, 14–16

top journals, authors and countries

, 11–13

top key areas of smart cities and CE

, 14

Bibliometric data

, 12–13

Big data

, 68, 72

analysis techniques

, 227

analytics

, 10

Bio economy (BE)

, 50–52

Biodiversity conservation

, 130

Blockchain technology

, 61, 109–110, 153

Blue economy

, 27

Breusch–Godfrey LM test

, 242

Brightfiber Textiles

, 28–29

Building Circularity Index (BCI)

, 30

Bus Rapid Transit systems (BRT systems)

, 198

Business model

, 26–27

Business organizations

, 120–121

California, HFCVs

, 187

Capital accumulation

, 248, 253

Car-sharing, FCVs

, 188

Carbon capture and removal technologies

, 135

Carbon capture and storage (CCS)

, 177

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

, 126

Carbon footprints via green initiatives, reduction in

, 170–171

Carbon removal and capture

, 132

Carbon sequestration process

, 132

Causality

, 243

analysis

, 248–253

China, HFCVs

, 187

Circular Buiksloterham project

, 29

Circular business models

, 80

Circular construction practices

, 29–30

Circular economy (CE)

, 10, 24, 50, 52–53, 59–61, 72, 84, 127, 139–140, 215–216

Amsterdam, Netherlands

, 28, 65

Amsterdam Circular Innovation Programme

, 29

background and context of CE in smart cities

, 84–85

behavioural change

, 128–129

case studies and comparative analysis

, 75–76

case studies around world

, 28, 33, 64, 66

CE–IoT architecture for smart city

, 55–56

challenges in achieving

, 127–129

challenges in implementation

, 73

circular construction practices

, 29–30

circular textile industry

, 28–29

Columbian waste management system

, 65–66

comparative insights

, 76

conceptual framework for CE in smart cities

, 74

cross-sector collaboration

, 78

data analysis procedure

, 34

design

, 33

different phases of industrial revolution

, 60–63

economic implications

, 127–128

emergence and evolution of concepts

, 72

emerging trends in smart city technologies and CE principles

, 79–80

enhancing CE infrastructure

, 77–78

equity, constitution justice

, 129

European context

, 75–76

future directions and research opportunities

, 79–80

global perspectives

, 76

industrial transformation

, 128

industry 4.0 scenario in

, 55

integration of

, 72

legal frameworks for circular economy initiatives

, 63–64

leveraging digital platforms

, 78

methodology

, 33–34

natural carbon removal

, 129

overcoming barriers

, 73

paradigm

, 10

policy implications

, 42–45

policy recommendations

, 77

PPP model in Suzhou, China

, 67–68

product design

, 66

rationale for integrating AI technologies into

, 86–87

remanufacturing

, 66–67

research scope and contributions

, 73

sample

, 33

Seoul, South Korea

, 30–33

smart city technologies and CE implementation

, 73–75

stakeholder engagement and community involvement

, 78–79

strategies for overcoming barriers

, 77–78

Strategy for HCMC

, 39

SWOT analysis of HCMC in implementing CE

, 34–42

symbiosis between IoT and

, 53–55

technological innovations

, 77, 127

theoretical framework on

, 26–28

top key areas of

, 14

unexplored areas in smart cities and CEs

, 79

in urban context

, 74

Circular economy practices (CEP)

, 126

advanced clean energy technologies

, 134

carbon capture and removal technologies

, 135

case studies

, 133–134

challenges in achieving CE

, 127–129

commitment to net-zero emissions

, 134

contributions

, 126–127

Energiewende

, 133–134

environmental and equity justice

, 135

future research trends and recommendations

, 134–135

grid integration and energy storage

, 134–135

opportunities for ecological sustainability

, 129–131

renewable energy success

, 134

social and behavioural change

, 135

structure

, 127

sustainable materials

, 135

wind power and energy transition

, 133

Circular Innovation District

, 73

Circular supply chains

efficiency in

, 86

optimization

, 89

Circular textile industry

, 28–29

Circularity index

, 30

Citizen engagement

, 87, 198

Climate change

, 177

mitigation

, 131

Closed Substance Cycle and Waste Management Act (1996)

, 28

Closed-circuit television (CCTV)

, 54

Cloud analysis

, 147–148

Co-authorship analysis

, 14–16

Cobb–Douglas production function

, 240

Coding process

, 34

Cointegration analysis

, 236–237, 247

Columbian waste management system

, 65–66

Commercialization

, 179

Community

, 130

community-based approaches

, 79

involvement

, 78–79

Commuters

, 271

Comparative analysis

, 76

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific (CPTPP)

, 40–41

Conceptualization

, 178

Conference of Parties 26 (COP 26)

, 176

Connected vehicles

, 267

Constitution justice

, 129

Consumer behavior, impact of ESG reporting on

, 112–113

Content analysis

, 147–150

countries collaborations world map

, 150

keyword analysis

, 147–149

thematic analysis

, 149–150

Control systems

, 181

Conventional combustion vehicles

, 176

Corporate equity

, 130

Corporate ESG reporting, importance of

, 110–113

Corporate responsibility, disclosure of ESG performance as

, 113–116

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

, 62

function

, 108

and profitability as business objectives

, 113–114

promotion of diversity and inclusion as

, 114–115

Corporate sustainability reporting, challenges for

, 116–117

Cradle-to-cradle

, 27

Cumulative sum (CUSUM)

, 242

Customer relationship management (CRM)

, 53–54

Customers

, 112

Cutting-edge technologies

, 10

Cyber physical systems (CPS)

, 50–52

Data analysis

, 54

procedure

, 34

Data analytics

, 98, 100

Data collection mechanisms, explanation of

, 88

Data-driven decision-making

, 261–262

Database management systems (DBMS)

, 53–54

Decision–makers

, 6

Deep learning technologies

, 140

Delhi Metro

, 161, 169–171

electric mobility

, 171

fulfilment of energy needs through renewal energy

, 169–170

reduction in carbon footprints via green initiatives

, 170–171

reduction of air pollution by efficient transportation system

, 170

save energy in natural ways

, 170

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC)

, 170

Descriptive analysis

, 142–147

main information

, 142–143

most cited and relevant sources and citations

, 144–146

relevant affiliations and countries

, 146–147

scientific annual production and average total citation per year

, 144

Developing economies

, 198

Digital age, ergonomic workspaces in

, 3–4

Digital city

, 28

Digital platforms

, 78

Digital twins

, 265–266

Digitalization

, 61–62, 80, 147–148

Direct air collection

, 135

Diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI)

, 112

Diversity as CSR, promotion of

, 114–115

Dynamic OLS (DOLS)

, 240

E-business system

, 61

E-governance

, 198

Eco-industrial parks (EIPs)

, 32

Ecological sustainability

air quality improvement

, 131

biodiversity conservation

, 130

carbon removal and capture

, 132

conservation of natural habitats

, 132

energy independence

, 130

enhanced ecosystem resilience

, 133

enhanced resilience

, 130

global leadership and cooperation

, 133

good health and well-being benefits

, 129–130

impact in environmental context

, 131–133

mitigating climate change

, 131

opportunities for

, 129–131

promotion

, 132

renewable energy expansion

, 132

social and corporate equity

, 130

sustainable agriculture practices

, 132–133

sustainable and precision agriculture

, 131

sustainable transportation

, 130

Economic barriers

, 184

Economic growth

, 236–237

Economy, smart city technologies in developing

, 198–199

Ecosystems

, 130

of smart city

, 100

Electric cars

, 185, 196

Electric mobility

, 171

Electric motor

, 181

Electric vehicles (EVs)

, 162, 176, 195–196, 201–202

Electrolyte membrane

, 180

Embodiment

, 265

Emerging markets

, 229

Emissions reduction strategies

, 126–127

Employees in Industry 4.0

, 4–5

Energiewende programme

, 133–134

Energy efficiency

, 182–183, 227

Energy independence

, 130

Energy management

, 227

Energy storage

, 134–135

Energy transition

, 133

Engagement

, 2–3

Enhanced ecosystem resilience

, 133

Enhanced resilience

, 130

Enhanced waste management

, 87

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

, 53–54

Entrepreneurial ventures

, 117–118

Environment

, 169

Environment, Social and Governance (ESG)

, 61

Environmental, Social and Governance reporting (ESG reporting)

, 108, 110

benefits of good ESG performance

, 111–112

CSR and profitability as business objectives

, 113–114

determinants of ESG disclosure

, 115–116

disclosure of ESG performance as corporate responsibility

, 113–116

impact of ESG reporting on consumer behavior

, 112–113

performance

, 110–111

promotion of diversity and inclusion as CSR

, 114–115

Environmental barriers

, 185

Environmental issues

, 228

Environmental justice

, 135

Environmental sustainability

, 80

Equity

, 129

Equity justice

, 135

Ergonomic workspaces in digital age

, 3–4

profound impact on well-being and productivity

, 3–4

Europe, HFCVs

, 187–188

European context

, 75–76

European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

, 40–41

Extant literature

, 161

Extended producer responsibility (EPR)

, 63

Fairphone (Amsterdam-based smartphone manufacturing company)

, 229

Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) II scheme

, 201

Feasibility

, 189

Financial constraints

, 75

Financial Fund for Urban Development, The

, 65

Financial ramifications

, 128

Firms

, 117–118

Fuel cell

, 176

stack

, 180

Fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV)

, 179

Fuel cell vehicle (FCV)

, 176

Geographic information system (GIS)

, 265

Global E-Waste Monitor white

, 229

Global economy

, 215–216

Global initiatives

, 110

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

, 116

Global temperatures

, 131

Global urbanization

, 10

Google

, 134

Granger non-causality, Toda–Yamamoto approach to

, 243

Green and Blue Infrastructure (GBI)

, 153

Green economy (GE)

, 50–52

Green initiatives, reduction in carbon footprints via

, 170–171

Green technologies

, 80

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

, 126, 161, 196

Grid integration

, 134–135

Helsinki’s MaaS system

, 196

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)

, 24–25, 37–38, 40–42, 44

diversified economic sectors

, 36

SWOT analysis of HCMC in implementing CE

, 34–42

Honda

, 179

Human–centred workplace in Industry 4.0

autonomy and collaboration

, 4–5

background and context

, 2

case studies and practical implementations

, 5–6

ergonomic workspaces in digital age

, 3–4

purpose and scope of conceptual paper

, 3

Siemens’ factory of future

, 5–6

significance of human-centred workplaces in Industry 4.0

, 2–3

Spotify’s agile squads

, 5

strategies

, 6

Hydrogen (H₂)

, 176–177, 179

fuel cells

, 176–177

storage

, 180

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs)

, 176

benefits

, 181–183

brief overview of

, 176

California

, 187

case studies

, 186–189

18th century beginnings

, 177

challenges and barriers to HCFV’s successful deployment

, 183–185

China

, 187

commercialization

, 179

conceptualization

, 178

early 19th century

, 178

economic barriers

, 184

energy efficient

, 182–183

environmental barriers

, 185

environmental benefits

, 182

Europe

, 187–188

examples of successful HFCV deployments

, 186–188

expanding infrastructure

, 179

explanation of basic principles of hydrogen fuel cells

, 179–180

first commercial deployment

, 178–179

government initiatives

, 188–189

historical context of hydrogen fuel cell technology

, 177–178

historical development

, 177–179

hydrogen fuel cells work

, 179–181

importance of hydrogen as clean energy source

, 176–177

Japan

, 187

key components of hydrogen fuel cell system

, 180–181

legal barriers

, 185

milestones in development of

, 178–179

political barriers

, 183

range and refuelling advantages

, 183

real-world applications for net-zero future

, 188

research and development

, 179

social barriers

, 184

South Korea

, 187

space race and NASA

, 178

suggestions

, 189–190

technical and infrastructure barriers

, 184–185

Hyundai

, 179

Immersion

, 264–265

Immersive virtual experiences

, 261–262

Inclusion as CSR, promotion of

, 114–115

Indian Ministry of Transport, The

, 201

Industrial revolution, different phases of

, 60–63

Industrial Symbiosis (IS)

, 32–33

Industrial transformation

, 128

Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs)

, 205–206

Industries

, 128

Industry 4.0

, 2–3

empowering employees in

, 4–5

scenario in CE

, 55

significance of human-centred workplaces in

, 2–3

Information and communication technology (ICT)

, 72, 99, 162, 194, 262–263

Infrastructure barriers

, 184–185

Integrated smart transportation technologies

, 199

Integrated transportation systems

, 200–201

Intelligent garbage classification technology

, 227

Intelligent traffic management systems

, 227

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)

, 168–169, 197, 267

WSNs for

, 205–206

Interactivity

, 265

Interdisciplinary research

, 10, 14

International data corporation report

, 55–56

International Energy Agency (IEA)

, 186

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 2, 10, 17–18, 50, 72, 98, 147–150, 218, 228

CE–IoT architecture for smart City

, 55–56

industry 4.0 scenario in CE

, 55

linear economy vs. CE

, 52–53

opportunities and challenges in implementing IoT–CE infrastructure

, 56–57

protocols

, 206–207

sensors

, 88

symbiosis between IoT and CE

, 53–55

Intrusion detection system (IDS)

, 205–206

Japan, HFCVs

, 187

Jarque–Bera statistics (JB statistics)

, 242

Keyword co-occurrence analysis

, 148–149

Korean Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI)

, 45

Kozaza (home-sharing platform)

, 32

Kyoto Protocol

, 126

Law on Environmental Protection (2020)

, 40

Legal barriers

, 185

Legal frameworks for circular economy initiatives

, 63–64

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

, 90

Lifecycle analysis

, 91

Linear ‘take, make, dispose’ model

, 72, 84–85

Linear economy

, 52–53, 60

Long-run results

, 247–248

Machine learning (ML)

, 50, 52, 68, 104, 140

Mental health

, 3

Metaverse

, 261–262

potential to smart city planning

, 265–266

smart technology of

, 264–265

Metaverse-driven mobility

, 262, 266, 272

challenges and alternative remedies

, 272–274

smart city and

, 262–266

Metro cities

, 164–165

Micro-mobility, solutions for

, 203–204

Ministry of Construction, The

, 255–256

Mixed reality (MR)

, 265–266

Mobility

, 266–272

comparing urban and virtual

, 269–272

urban

, 267–268

virtual

, 268–269

Mobility as a Service (MaaS)

, 195–196, 204–205

Monetization

, 265

Multiple Country Publication (MCP)

, 146–147

Municipal solid waste (MSW)

, 34–35

Nanum Car

, 31–32

National Action Plan on Green Growth

, 39

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

, 178

Natural carbon removal

, 129

Natural habitats, conservation of

, 132

Natural processes

, 129

Net-zero economy

, 132

Net-zero emissions, commitment to

, 134

Net-zero future, real-world applications for

, 188

Netherlands, best practices of smart mobility in

, 197

Network analysis metrics

, 18–19

Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

, 131

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

, 31, 64

Ontologies

, 200

Ordinary least squares (OLS)

, 240

Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)

, 66–67

Oxygen supply

, 180

Oyster card system

, 200

Paris Climate Agreement (PCA)

, 176

People, place and technology (PPT)

, 262–263

Personal mobility

, 188

Personalized learning

, 3

Planet, approach to

, 119–120

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)

, 201

Policy and regulatory frameworks

, 75

Policy changes

, 129

Policy effectiveness and adaptation

, 87

Power electronics

, 181

Precision agriculture

, 131

Predictive analytics for CE planning

, 88–89

Process management

, 224

Process optimization

, 221

Product design process

, 66, 91

Product lifecycle (PLC)

, 55

Product lifecycle management (PLM)

, 53–54

Product-as-a-service

, 36

Productivity

, 3–4

Profitability

, 115, 120

CSR and profitability as business objectives

, 113–114

Public procurement process

, 65

Public transport electrification

, 199

Public–private partnership (PPP)

, 64

model in Suzhou, China

, 67–68

Qualitative content analysis methodology

, 34

Qualitative measures

, 19

Qualitative research

, 33

Quality of life

, 160

Quantum key distribution (QKD)

, 206–207

Rail-based MRTS

, 169

Real-time traffic management

, 199

Recycle and reduced waste management

, 225–226

Recycling

, 24

Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R)

, 100–101

Reforestation

, 129

Regenerative design

, 27

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

, 44

Regression techniques

, 239

Remanufacturing

, 66–67

Renewable energy

, 80

sources

, 132

success

, 134

Renewal energy, fulfilment of energy needs through

, 169–170

Research methods

, 101

Resource availability optimization

, 219

Resource efficiency

, 100–101

Resource management

, 73

Resource optimization

, 75, 85, 140

Resource tracking

, 89

Resource usage optimization

, 219

Responsible consumption and production

, 78

Reuse, reduce, recycle and reuse framework (4R framework)

, 118

Ridesharing platforms

, 199

Scopus database

, 19, 155

Self-driving cars

, 208

Seoul, South Korea

, 30–33

industrial symbiosis

, 32–33

sharing economy in

, 31–32

Zero Waste and Resource Circulation Plan

, 31

Seoul Sharing City project

, 31

Sharing Economy initiative, The

, 31

Short-run results

, 247–248

Singapore Green Label certification

, 45

Single Country Publication (SCP)

, 146–147

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

, 75–76

‘Smart Bins’ project

, 88

Smart circular cities

, 80

Smart cities

, 10, 57, 72, 85, 98–100, 140, 149, 160, 194–195, 216, 262, 266

analysis

, 101–103

architecture

, 99

background and context of CE in

, 84–85

benefits and challenges of AI-enhanced CE in

, 93

CE–IoT architecture for

, 55–56

challenges of urban mobility

, 162–165

and components

, 262–263

data analytic and AI

, 100

Delhi Metro

, 169–171

implementation in

, 75–76

implications and scope for future work

, 104

integration of

, 72

ITS

, 168–169

literature review

, 99, 101, 161, 165

Metaverse’s potential to smart city planning

, 265–266

paradigm

, 140

practical implications

, 171–172

rail-based MRTS

, 169

real case studies

, 164–165

research methodology

, 165–166

research methods

, 101

resource efficiency

, 100–101

results

, 166–171

smart cities

, 162

smart energy

, 102–103

smart health

, 102

smart safety

, 103

smart technology and smart mobility

, 166–168

smart technology of metaverse

, 264–265

smart transportation

, 101–102

smart urban mobility

, 162

top key areas of

, 14

unexplored areas in

, 79

Smart Cities Mission (SCM)

, 198, 201–202

Smart city technologies (SCTs)

, 195, 199

and CE implementation

, 73–75

autonomous vehicles revolutionizing urban mobility

, 202–203

barriers and challenges to implementation

, 74–75

best practices of smart mobility in Netherlands

, 197

CE in urban context

, 74

challenges facing in sustainable urban mobility

, 207–208

conceptual framework for CE in smart cities

, 74

emerging trends in smart city technologies and CE principles

, 79–80

EVs

, 201–202

in developing economy

, 198–199

integrated transportation systems

, 200–201

key initiatives of smart city technologies for sustainable urban mobility

, 199

MaaS

, 204–205

merits of sustainable urban mobility in smart city

, 197–198

smart cities and sustainable urban mobility

, 195–197

smart transportation communication protocols

, 206–207

solutions for micro-mobility

, 203–204

WSNs for ITS

, 205–206

Smart education

, 161

Smart energy

, 102–103

‘Smart everything’ model

, 140

Smart health

, 102

Smart mobility

, 196, 262–263

best practices of smart mobility in Netherlands

, 197

indicators

, 197

Smart parking systems

, 203

Smart safety

, 103

‘Smart Street Bin’ project

, 87–88

Smart technology

, 153, 197, 263

integration

, 147–148

of metaverse

, 264–265

and smart mobility

, 166–168

Smart towns

, 140–141

Smart traffic management systems

, 196, 203–204

Smart transportation

, 101–102

Social barriers

, 184

Social change

, 135

Social equity

, 130

Solid waste management–based process optimization

, 219–220

Solow framework

, 236–237

South Korea, HFCVs

, 187

Space race

, 178

Special purpose vehicle (SPV)

, 67

Spotify’s agile squads

, 5

Stakeholder engagement

, 78–79

Structural break tests

, 245–247

Sulphur dioxide (SO₂)

, 131

Supply chain–related process optimization

, 221

Sustainability

, 20, 50, 52, 85, 108, 119–120, 147–148, 199

goals

, 197–198

triple bottom line approach to

, 118–120

Sustainable agriculture

, 131

practices

, 132–133

Sustainable CE

, 35

Sustainable cities and communities

, 194

Sustainable city

, 194

Sustainable consumption

, 118

Sustainable design

, 224–225

Sustainable development

, 50

accomplishing SDGs as entrepreneurial objectives

, 117–118

benefits of good ESG performance

, 111–112

challenges for corporate sustainability reporting

, 116–117

disclosure of ESG performance as corporate responsibility

, 113–116

ESG performance

, 110–111

importance of corporate ESG reporting

, 110–113

initiatives taken by global firms for sustainable development

, 116–118

research gap and relevance of study

, 108–110

sustainable consumption and 4R

, 118

triple bottom line approach to sustainability

, 118–120

Sustainable energy technologies

, 127

Sustainable hydrogen production methods

, 185

Sustainable materials

, 135

Sustainable mobility

challenges of urban mobility

, 162–165

Delhi Metro

, 169–171

ITS

, 168–169

literature review

, 161–165

practical implications

, 171–172

rail-based MRTS

, 169

real case studies

, 164–165

research methodology

, 165–166

results

, 166–171

smart cities

, 162

smart technology and smart mobility

, 166–168

smart urban mobility

, 162

Sustainable outcome

, 61

Sustainable product design

, 87

Sustainable transportation

, 130, 188, 274

Sustainable urban development project

, 29

Sustainable urban mobility

, 195–197

challenges facing in

, 207–208

initiatives

, 208

key initiatives of smart city technologies for

, 199

merits of sustainable urban mobility in smart city

, 197–198

Sustainable urban transportation

, 208

Suzhou, China, PPP model in

, 67–68

SWOT analysis

, 42

of HCMC in implementing CE

, 34–42

opportunity

, 39–41

strength

, 34–37

threats

, 41–42

weaknesses

, 37–39

Take-back programs

, 36

‘Take-make-dispose’ model

, 59–60

Technical barriers

, 184–185

Technological innovations

, 77

Technological revolution

, 2–3

Technology

, 99

Teleportation

, 261–262

Thematic analysis

, 149–150

Thematic map

, 153

Toda-Yamamoto method

, 239

to Granger non-causality

, 243

Tomra Systems

, 90

Tourism sector

, 37

Toyota

, 179

Transport

, 171

Transportation networks

, 85

Transportation system

, 206–207

reduction of air pollution by efficient

, 170

Triple bottom line theory

, 120

approach to people

, 118–119

approach to planet

, 119–120

approach to profit

, 120

to sustainability

, 118–120

UN environment programme

, 165

Unit root

, 245–247

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

, 50

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

, 126

United Nations’ Principles of Responsible Investment (UNPRI)

, 115

United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs)

, 18–19, 50, 109, 194

as entrepreneurial objectives

, 117–118

Urban context, CE in

, 74

Urban development

, 255

Urban energy management

, 227

Urban environment

, 139–140

‘Urban Mining’ programme

, 30

Urban mobility

, 170–171, 267–268

autonomous vehicles revolutionizing

, 202–203

challenges of

, 162–165

Urban planning

, 265

Urbanization

, 152, 162–163, 236–237

Value added tax (VAT)

, 222–223

Value creation

, 24–25

Vector autoregressive model (VAR model)

, 242

Vehicle-to-everything communications (V2X communications)

, 206–207

Vietnam

, 236

ARDL bounds approach

, 242

causality analysis

, 248–253

cointegration analysis

, 247

data

, 243–244

estimations

, 243–253

literature review

, 237–240

long-run and short-run results

, 247–248

methodology

, 240–243

model

, 240–243

policy implications

, 255–256

Toda–Yamamoto approach to Granger non-causality

, 243

unit root and structural break tests

, 245–247

Vietnamese government

, 39–40

Virtual mobility(see also Urban mobility)

, 268–269

Virtual reality (VR)

, 265

Waste management

, 194–195

Waste reduction

, 84, 87

strategies

, 84

Well–being

, 2–3

profound impact on

, 3–4

Wind power

, 133

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

, 200

for ITS

, 205–206

Zen Robotics

, 90, 216

‘ZenRobotics Recycler’ project

, 87–88

Zero Waste

, 11–12

Zero Waste and Resource Circulation Plan

, 25–26, 31