Prelims

Half Title Page

Sustainable Tourism, Part B

Editorial Advisory Board

Dr Archi Dubey, ICFAI University, Raipur

Dr Arun Bhatia, Central University of Himachal Pradesh

Dr Astha Sharma, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies

Dr Kiran Shashwat, Chandigarh University

Dr Pooja Pandey, Atal Bihari Bajpayee University Bilaspur

Dr Rekha Maitra, Hospitality and Tourism Training Professional, G.D. Goenka Public School

Dr Shilpi Gupta, Amity University Chhattisgarh

Dr Shivam Bhartiya, Jain (Deemed-to-be University)

Dr Sumona Bhhattacharya, Atal Bihari Bajpayee University Bilaspur

Dr Susobhan Maiti, Jain (Deemed-to-be University)

Dr Vaibhav Bhatt, Central University of Tamil Nadu

Dr Viana Hassan, University of Malta

Javier Martínez Falcó, University of Alicante

Mr Tinashe A Kodzanai, Department of Tourism & Hospitality Management, Harare Polytechnic

Title Page

Sustainable Tourism, Part B: A Comprehensive Multidimensional Perspective

Edited by

Disha Sharma

Amity University Chhattisgarh, India

Hamid Abdullah

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Vishwavidyalaya, India

And

Pramendra Singh

Lovely Professional University, India

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

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First edition 2024

Editorial matter and selection © 2024 Disha Sharma, Hamid Abdullah and Pramendra Singh.

Individual chapters © 2024 The authors.

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About the Editors

Dr Disha Sharma is part of the Finance Faculty, currently working as an Assistant Professor at Amity Business School, Amity University Chhattisgarh. She is a qualified UGC-NET & SET, did Master’s in three subjects and completed her PhD from Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University. She has 6 years of teaching experience. She has published 10 Scopus and four peer-reviewed papers. She has also written seven book chapters in international and Scopus-indexed books. She has successfully edited three books under reputed journals and is currently editing two books on sustainability in tourism with Emerald Publishing. She also has experience as a Co-Principal Investigator in ICSSR and UNICEF Project and is currently working on another project as the Principal Director. She has presented nine research papers at national and international conferences. She is a lifetime member of the Indian Commerce Association and Indian Accounting Association.

Dr Hamid Abdullah, an accomplished academician with over 15 years of experience in academia and industry, currently serves as an Assistant Professor and the Head of the Department of Hotel Management and Hospitality at Atal Bihari Vajpayee University Bilaspur (formerly Bilaspur University) in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. He holds a PhD from the Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management (ITHM), Bundelkhand University Jhansi, UP India, an MBA specialising in HR and Marketing from the Business School, University of Jammu, and an MTM from Indira Gandhi National Open University. Additionally, he holds a BSc in Hospitality and Hotel Administration from the Institute of Hotel Management (IHM) Srinagar. Dr Abdullah is a qualified UGC NET JRF in Tourism Administration and Management and actively contributes to academia through research papers published in national and international journals, as well as book chapters in edited books. He has also participated in various national and international conferences.

Dr Pramendra Singh completed PhD in tourism and travel management and is currently working as an Assistant Professor in School of Hotel Management and Tourism, Lovely Professional University, India. He has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience. His research area includes heritage tourism, sustainable tourism, tourism and technology and tourism education. He has published more than 25 research papers and book chapters with reputed international and Indian publishers. He is currently editing two books on sustainability in tourism with Emerald Publishing and CABI. He has also been a key resource person for many academic conferences and guest lectures.

About the Contributors

Arun Bhatia received his PhD degree in Travel and Tourism from Central University of Himachal Pradesh, India, in the year 2020. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Travel and Tourism. His research interest area is ICT and Tourism and Gender discourse in Travel and Tourism. He has published many research articles in marketing management in various national and international journals and presented research papers in national and international conferences.

Vaibhav Bhatt is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India. His research work focuses on formulating sustainable approaches to enhance the tourism sector and aims to bridge the divergence between theoretical concepts and real-world implementation. He has more than 10 years of industry, research and teaching experience and has published over 10 research articles in journals of international/national repute. He is a reviewer of many national/international journals and has also delivered lectures in academic conferences and faculty development programmes.

Kingshuk Biswas is currently employed with the Gujarat State Government, and he looks after renewable energy projects in the State. Earlier, he had an extensive two-decade background with the State Tourism Board, and thus, his passion for tourism remains. Having postgraduate degrees in Economics and Management, he is upbeat about gaining knowledge and experience in the renewable energy sector. Sustainable tourism, policymaking and destination marketing are his key areas of interest.

Farah S. Choudhary is currently working as an Assistant Professor, The Business School, University of Jammu since 2011. PhD in Digital Marketing. Having teaching and research experience of more than 10 years. Area of Interest includes management, tourism, retailing, behaviour finance, portfolio management and digital marketing. Papers published with internationally reputed publishers like Taylor & Francis, IGI Global, Edward Elgar Publishing, ABDC listed, peer-reviewed journals. Attended international/national conferences across the country.

Tsering Chusket is pursuing Master of Travel and Tourism Management (third semester) at Department of Travel and Tourism Management, University of Ladakh, India. She has been an active member of high-altitude sports organiser for 5 years. Her area of research interest is event planning, event performance measurement and event operation.

Niranjan Deo Pathak is currently an Assistant Professor at Amity Business School, Amity University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. He is pursuing his PhD (pre-submission completed) from Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand. He has completed postgraduation from Vellore Institute of Technology and graduation from Garden City College, Bangalore University. He has authored three research papers in national and international journals and attended four national and international conferences. His area of interest is in tourism, generational study and consumer decision-making.

Tarisai Gundiwa is a tourism and hospitality management principal lecturer in the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Harare Polytechnic College in Zimbabwe. Gundiwa is a holder of BSc and MSc degrees in Tourism and Hospitality Management with University of Zimbabwe. His current research interests focus on sustainable township tourism development, rural tourism development and stakeholder collaboration in sustainable tourism development. He is a member of Tourism Researchers Association of Zimbabwe (TERAZ). Gundiwa worked extensively with Higher Education Examination Council, Zimbabwe, as a tourism and hospitality module developer and a chief examiner.

Maulita Sari Hani specialises in shark and ray conservation and tourism in Indonesia. Her primary focus is on advancing sustainable and inclusive tourism. Her efforts merge scientific expertise, policy implementation and collaborative engagement with diverse stakeholders, strongly emphasising community-based management strategies. Her objective is to protect wildlife, elevating its importance for conservation while simultaneously making it a key tourist attraction, all aimed at enhancing the resilience of local livelihoods. Her research and publications are mainly on manta rays and whale shark tourism.

Anushka Lydia Issac has a background in Engineering [Hons.] and an MBA. Anushka Lydia Issac brings a unique perspective. Holding prestigious credentials such as an FHEA and a Lead IQA Certificate, she possesses the skills and knowledge to design, deliver and assess high-quality learning experiences in higher education. Her passion for understanding people and their personalities has propelled her to excel in communications and public speaking at an international level. As an Associate Faculty and Programme Leader at Westford University College, she actively contributes to the development of students. Her PhD research from the University of Plymouth, UK, focuses on flexible work arrangement.

Aruditya Jasrotia is working as an Assistant Professor in Amity Institute of Travel and Tourism, Amity University Uttar Pradesh. He completed his PhD and MPhil from Central University of Jammu. He has published 13 Scopus publications, 2 patents and 23 publications in total including research papers and book chapters. His broad research areas of interest are smart tourism, tourism marketing, sustainable tourism, tourism policy and planning, tourism products and services. He is also associated as a reviewer for various Scopus-Indexed and ABDC-listed international journals like International Journal of Tourism Cities, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, International Journal of Tourism Policy and Kybernetes. Associate Editor of ESTEEM Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities.

Shiv Swaroop Jha is currently serving as the Head of Department and Programme Coordinator in Amity College of Commerce, Amity University, Haryana. He has completed his MBA in Financial Management and International Business from Mahamaya Technical University, Noida (2012), and is going to complete his PhD in Management from Bhim Rao Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, in 2023. He is the alumni of one of India's most reputed universities, Banaras Hindu University (BHU) Varanasi and Institute of Chartered Accountant of India (ICAI). He joined academia in the year 2012 as a Lecturer in Amity Business School (ABS), Amity University, Haryana. In 2013, he established the Amity College of Commerce. Before this, he has served many reputed consultancy and audit firms as an Auditor and Audit Manager in Kanpur and Delhi, NCR region. He has 20+ publications (peer-reviewed papers and book chapters/articles) to his credit. He has very rich experience in international taxation, auditing, accounting and financial management. He has performed various statutory, tax, bank and internal audit in the prestigious organisations like Reserve Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, National Highway Authority of India, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Dharampal Satyapal Group, Asahi India Glass Ltd (AIS), PepsiCo, Reebok, Tata Motors and The Oberoi Group.

Najma Khatoon has been a research scholar at The Business School, University of Jammu since 2020. Pursuing PhD in Marketing. Attended workshops and conferences across the country. She has published two papers in reputed journals, one in European Economic Letters and another in Business Strategy and Development.

Parikshita Khatua, Assistant Professor in KISS DU, Odisha, India, has 20 years of teaching experience in UG and PG level. He has published 20 research articles in both national and international journals and guided research scholars, and two of them have been awarded by the KIIT University. He has published a book and is teaching research methodology, statistics for decision-making to PG ad PhD students. He is also associated with NSS activities as a programme officer in KISS DU.

Tinashe Abraham Kodzanai has BSc and MSc degrees in Tourism and Hospitality Management from the University of Zimbabwe. He is a Principal Lecturer in the Department of Hospitality and Tourism at Harare Polytechnic College, Zimbabwe. He is a member of Tourism Researchers Association of Zimbabwe (TERAZ). His teaching areas include tourism economics, tourism accounting, hospitality computing and travel. His current research interest focuses on women in tourism, rural tourism, community-based tourism and ICT in tourism.

Rajinder Kumar is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Travel and Tourism Management, University of Ladakh, India. For 8 years, Dr Kumar is teaching at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. His area of research interest is destination performance analysis, tourism education, workations, geotourism and event performance measurement.

Raushan Kumar is currently an Assistant Professor at Amity College of Commerce Haryana, Amity University. He is pursuing his PhD (pre-submission stage) from Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar. He has completed postgraduation from National PG College Lucknow and graduation from Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi University. He has authored more than 10 research papers, articles and edited books in national and international journals and websites. He is a life member of All India Accounting Association. He has experience in many nation-building organisational and development sectors. His area of interest is in finance and financial inclusion.

S. Kumaran is working as a Professor in Alliance School of Business, Alliance University, Bangalore. He has a total of 30 years of experience (14 years in the industry and another 16 years in teaching and research), and he has published five books and more than 60 research papers in journals and conferences. Till now, two PhDs have been awarded under his guidance, and six more scholars are pursuing PhDs under his guidance. His objectives, education, experience and accomplishments, are briefly given for your kind perusal and consideration. Worked as a Business Development Coordinator in Texmo Industries, Coimbatore, and organised more than 500 business development programmes for 1,200 dealers across the country. Worked as a Coordinator for NGO networks in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka states and facilitated them in planning, funding, monitoring and evaluation of resource management projects. Organised and conducted more than 100 training programmes for developmental activists.

B. Latha Lavanya has 19 years of experience. She has been a Senior Human Resources Manager for about 7 years, full-time PhD (research fellowship awarded by UGC) candidate from the University of Madras. Her accolades include Best Faculty in Management Award in the year 2014 from Education Today, Research Excellence Award in the year 2017 by Indo Global Education and Award for Teaching Excellence by GMRAF Awards in the year 2019. Best women researcher Award of the year 2020. She has been associated with educational institutions for the past 11 years. She has done her postgraduate degree in MHRM and MBA. She holds University of Madras PhD Guide Ship. She is the author of over 50 research papers which were published in various UGC Care and Scopus, Web of Science and ABDC journals. She is currently an Editor for MIMIJMR. She is the first faculty credited to receive a funded internship from Reserve Bank of India and received a grant from ICSSR to conduct a national conference in MIM. Her expertise comprises quantitative techniques, HRD, HRM, innovation, entrepreneurship, logistics and SCM, marketing management, hospital management and knowledge management.

Alka Maheshwari has over 30 years of experience in academics. She had worked for 17 years in South Delhi Polytechnic for Women. Dr Alka started her journey as a Lecturer and finally reached the designation of Head of the Department. In her sojourn, she was fortunate to represent the institute at Lancashire University, Blackburn as a team member for UKIERI. She joined Amity University in 2008 as an Assistant Director, Amity Polytechnic for Women, and is working as an Associate Professor in Amity Institute of Travel and Tourism. She has a Master's degree in English Literature and Tourism, and her PhD is in Community-Based Tourism. She has publications in various national and international journals.

Rekha Maitra is a Seasoned Academician with a Doctor of Philosophy in Tourism and Hospitality (PHDTS). She is a Hotel Management professional, having 23 years of experience with extensive knowledge. Her area of expertise is travel and tourism, housekeeping and front office. Currently, she is working with GD Goenka Public School, East Delhi. Dr Rekha has more than 30 publications to her credit. She has made publications in journals, books and magazines. She is on the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Social Media and Online Communities (IJSMOC), the International Journal of Research in Tourism and Hospitality (IJRTH) and the Asian Mirror International Research Journal. She was associated with several publication houses as a Book Reviewer. Dr Rekha is a recipient of the Best Teacher Award for Travel and Tourism Management by IHMS, Kotdwar (2022) and Indian Hospitality Congress Award, i.e. Aspiring Researcher of Tourism and Hospitality Award (2014).

Bartolomé Marco-Lajara (PhD) is a Professor at the University of Alicante. His research interests are strategic management and tourism management. He is the author of several books, book chapters and international articles related to the areas mentioned above. He is a member of the Tourism Research Institute at the University of Alicante since its foundation and the main researcher of the European Project ‘Next Tourism Generation Alliance’ at his University, as well as of the public competitive project for the creation of the Tourist Observatory of the Valencian Community (Spain). He has taken part in other public and private projects, such as the development of the strategic plan of the Alicante province for the period 2010–2020. He is the Head of the Department of Management at the University of Alicante and previously was the Assistant Dean of the Economics Faculty for the Business Degree.

Javier Martínez-Falcó (PhD) is an Assistant Professor at the Management Department of the University of Alicante and a Research Fellow at Stellenbosch University. In the field of research, he focuses his interest in the wine business, specifically in the areas of wine tourism and wineries’ intellectual capital, on which he has written hundreds of publications in the form of articles, book chapters and contributions to conferences. He has also participated in several national and international research projects, being a Lecturer of Strategic Management in the economics and business degrees of the University of Alicante.

Joaquín Martínez-Falcó holds a degree in History from the University of Alicante. He has a Master's degree in Contemporary History from the Autonomous University of Madrid and a Master's degree in Secondary Education from the University of Alicante. He has completed a mobility grant at the Andrés Bello University in Chile. He works as a History Teacher in secondary education and is currently a PhD student at the University of Alicante on the relationship between the wine industry and historical heritage.

Livingstone Mhonda is a PhD candidate in Tourism and Hospitality Management with the University of Zimbabwe. He has a BSc degree in Tourism and Hospitality Management (2003) and an MSc degree in Tourism and Hospitality Management (2020). His research involves the interrogation of ecotourism framework to reconcile the rhetoric, narratives and discourse of ecotourism with the practice in Zimbabwe. Mr Mhonda is a founding member of the Tourism Researchers Association of Zimbabwe (TERAZ). He currently works as a Lecturer in the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management at the University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

T. Milton is currently working as Dean, Tourism and Hospitality Management, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. He has more than 31 years of experience in the hotel industry as well as hospitality teaching. He completed his PhD in Tourism Management. Dr T. Milton has published 95 articles in Web of Science, Scopus, UGC Care listed journals and authored six books in Tourism and Management topics. He has presented several research papers in international/national conferences and won several prizes in paper presentations. He has received various awards such as the Best Tourism Professor Award in Hotel Management by Society of Hospitality Educators, Outstanding Teacher Award from Research India Foundation and Best Dean Award from International Award Ceremony on Star Achievers in Engineering, Management, Arts and Science (SAEMAS - 2022), Knowledge Research Academy. He has travelled to several countries such as Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Uzbekistan, Myanmar and Singapore.

Jitendra Mohan Mishra is an accomplished academician with 18 years of teaching experience. He currently serves as the Dean of the School of Management Studies and is the Head of the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management at Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh. His contributions include 8 completed and 5 ongoing PhD studies, 60 paper presentations and leadership in major research projects. Prof Mishra's passion for outdoor activities, including trekking and yoga, complements his academic pursuits. He has authored 40 research articles and five books including the one, Tourism Principles and Practices, published by Oxford University Press.

Shreeansh Mishra is working as an Assistant Professor of Tourism in Central University of Tamil Nadu, India. His research highlights the transformative role of self-help groups, microfinance and community readiness in advancing community-based tourism and fostering sustainable development. His work examines factors that synergise marginalised communities and foster sustainable development. With a commitment to global collaboration and continuous efforts, Shreeansh Mishra continues his mission to create a more inclusive and equitable tourism landscape, where gender disparities are addressed and women's empowerment takes centre stage, catalysing a brighter future for all.

Liji Panda, Assistant Professor in KISS DU, Odisha, India, was a very good student which led her to receive the award of Gold Medallist in her Bachelor’s in Commerce. She has 15 years of experience in teaching and has been actively involved in the presentation of papers in various international and national seminars and conferences. She further has 20 research papers published in various reputed journals to her credit. Her areas of interest include finance and accounting.

Jyoti Prakash, MSc, harmonises 8+ years of industry mastery with academia at The Lalit Suri Hospitality School, Faridabad. An expert in gastronomy and hospitality, holds various publications in UGC, WoS and other related journals and moulds future leaders, dedicated to advancing hospitality management through inventive academic and professional insights.

Anita Rinomhota is a PhD candidate in Economics and Business Management in the faculty of Management and Entrepreneurial Science of Women's University in Africa. She has a BCom Hons degree in Tourism and Hospitality Management (2006) and an MSc degree in Tourism and Hospitality Management (2013). Her research involves the interrogation of an agritourism framework for empowering women. She currently works as a Junior Lecturer in the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management at the University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Eduardo Sánchez-García (PhD) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Business Organization at the University of Alicante (Spain). His research is in the field of strategic management of the company. Specifically, he focuses on the study of the territorial agglomeration of companies in clusters and the absorptive capacity, and its influence on the innovative performance and entrepreneurial orientation of companies. He is the co-author of several papers presented at conferences, both national and international, as well as several articles and book chapters related to his field of research.

Aditi Sharma holds a PhD in Management from Panjab University, Chandigarh, and an MBA from Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Her doctoral thesis, titled ‘An Empirical Study on Organizational Culture and its Impact on the Leadership Styles and Organizational Effectiveness of the Textile Industry in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab’, reflects her deep-seated interest in understanding the dynamics of organisations culture and leadership. With over a decade of teaching experience, Dr Sharma has been instrumental in shaping the minds of future business leaders. As an Assistant Professor in HPKV Business School, School of Commerce and Management Studies, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, her career has been marked by a commitment to excellence in both teaching and research.

Ruchi Sharma received her PhD in Management from Himachal Pradesh University Shimla. She is working as an Assistant Professor in HPKV Business School, SCMS, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, India. Her research interest area is consumer behaviour and general management. She has published many research articles in marketing in various national and international journals and presented research papers in the field of consumer behaviour in national and international conferences.

Vipin Singh, PhD, harmonises 12+ years of industry mastery with academia at VIT University. A vanguard in hospitality, celebrated for Scopus-indexed publications and moulding future leaders, dedicated to advancing hospitality management through inventive education and industry insights.

Syafri Tuharea is the Head of the Public Service Agency – Regional Technical Implementation Unit (BLUD UPTD) for Marine Protected Area Management in Raja Ampat, Indonesia. In this role, he supervises the Marine Protected Area (MPA) administration, acting as an extension of the Marine and Fisheries Service (DKP) under the West Papua Provincial Government. His responsibilities include overseeing regulatory compliance within the MPA zones, promoting conservation awareness among the public, fostering sustainable tourism practices and enhancing the economic advantages of conservation initiatives for the local communities.

Providence Warinda holds a Bachelor's degree in Tourism and Hospitality and a Master of Science degree in Social Ecology. She is currently final year PhD student at the University of Pretoria. She is a highly organised and insatiably curious lady with an interdisciplinary approach to research. Ms Warinda enjoys research and has more than 8 years of research experience specialising in creating data collection tools using ODK, Kobo collect and CSPro software. She also has strong qualitative and quantitative data analysis skills using NVivo, Atlas TI, SPSS and STATA. Her research interests are in ecotourism, tourism development, community development, community-based tourism, rural livelihoods and climate change.

Foreword

Prof. Gauri Dutt Sharma

President, AIU, New Delhi

Vice Chancellor, University of Science and Technology

It gives me immense pleasure that a book on ‘Sustainable Tourism: A Comprehensive Multidimensional Perspective’ has been compiled by Dr Disha Sharma, Dr Pramendra Singh and Dr Hamid Abdullah.

The world of tourism is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by a growing awareness of the need for sustainability and responsible practices. In this evolving landscape, the concept of sustainable tourism has emerged as a crucial focal point, encapsulating the delicate balance between economic progress, environmental conservation and social development. I am sure that book on, ‘Sustainable Tourism: A Comprehensive Multidimensional Perspective’, probes into the multifaceted dimensions of sustainable tourism, exploring various case studies, research findings and insights from experts across the globe.

The intersection of economic progress and environmental conservation within the context of hosting extensive international events, with a spotlight on Expo 2020 Dubai. Prof Anushka Lydia Issac offers a comprehensive analysis of Expo 2020 Dubai's sustainability framework, showcasing how the event navigates the challenges of sustaining a global showcase while upholding environmental stewardship.

The challenges faced by ecotourism establishments in Zimbabwe provide valuable insights into the factors affecting the potential for sustainable ecotourism in the region. This highlights the importance of effective marketing, collaboration, and community involvement, as well as the economic, social, and environmental aspects of managing tourist influx. The collaboration between stakeholders and conservation initiatives is crucial in this context.

The new transformative aspects of green tourism in the Himalayan region have created profound revolution in the lives of local communities; on the other hand, Spain's wine tourism industry, focusing on economic, social and environmental benefits of wine tourism, is offering insights for industry leaders and policymakers. The Vibrant Village Programme in Ladakh, India, has significant socio-economic impacts and promotes sustainable tourism. Tourism has played an important role in the economic development of the Jammu and Kashmir region, indicating its potential to drive economic growth and regional advancement.

The book has been divided into 15 chapters. The contributors have been selected both from India and foreign institutes. This gives an idea of fast-growing tourism industry both at national and international levels. It is influencing the economy of the country and bringing new opportunities to the youth.

The comprehensive exploration of sustainable tourism from diverse perspectives – spanning environmental conservation, community development, economic growth, and cultural preservation –makes this book a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, industry practitioners, and students interested in advancing sustainable tourism practices globally. I congratulate the editors for their committed efforts for editing new knowledge and new approach for sustainable tourism industry creating academic and industry linkages.

Preface

The world of tourism is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by a growing awareness of the need for sustainability and responsible practices. In this evolving landscape, the concept of sustainable tourism has emerged as a crucial focal point, encapsulating the delicate balance between economic progress, environmental conservation and social development. This book, ‘Sustainable Tourism: A Comprehensive Multidimensional Perspective’, probes into the multifaceted dimensions of sustainable tourism, exploring various case studies, research findings and insights from experts across the globe.

Chapter 1 sets the stage by examining the intersection of economic progress and environmental conservation within the context of hosting extensive international events, with a spotlight on Expo 2020 Dubai. Prof Anushka Lydia Issac offers a comprehensive analysis of Expo 2020 Dubai's sustainability framework, showcasing how the event navigates the challenges of sustaining a global showcase while upholding environmental stewardship.

In Chapter 2, Mr Livingstone Mhonda and colleagues shed light on the challenges faced by ecotourism establishments in Zimbabwe, emphasising the need for a balance between social, economic and environmental goals. The chapter provides valuable insights into the factors affecting the potential for sustainable ecotourism in the region, highlighting the importance of effective marketing, collaboration and community involvement.

Moving on to Chapter 3, Maulita Sari Hani and Syafri Tuharea present a case study of manta ray tourism in Raja Ampat, Indonesia, examining the economic, social and environmental aspects of managing tourist influx. The chapter offers recommendations for sustainable tourism practices, emphasising the importance of collaboration between stakeholders and conservation initiatives.

Chapter 4, authored by Dr Arun Bhatia, Dr Aditi Sharma and Dr Ruchi Sharma, explores the transformative aspects of green tourism in the Himalayan region. The authors delve into the case studies of green entrepreneurs, illustrating how their initiatives have brought about a profound revolution in the lives of local communities.

In Chapter 5, Javier Martínez-Falcó, Eduardo Sánchez-García, Bartolomé Marco-Lajara and Joaquín Martínez-Falcó take us on a journey through Spain's wine tourism industry, focusing on the sustainable practices adopted by Bodegas Franco-Españolas. The chapter highlights the economic, social and environmental benefits of wine tourism, offering insights for industry leaders and policymakers.

Chapter 6, authored by Dr Rekha Maitra, explores the role of green technology in reducing carbon footprints in the tourism industry, focusing on selected hotels in Delhi. The chapter investigates existing sustainable practices and their impact on carbon footprints, highlighting the need for resource optimisation and environmental compliance.

In Chapter 7, Dr Vipin Singh and Jyoti Prakash examine sustainable tourism initiatives for tribal community development in India, emphasising the potential of tourism to drive economic empowerment and environmental sustainability in tribal regions.

Chapter 8, authored by Dr Rajinder Kumar, Dr Hamid Abdullah and Tsering Chusket, presents a case study of the Vibrant Village Programme in Ladakh, India, evaluating its performance and socio-economic impacts. The chapter provides valuable insights for destination management and event planners.

Chapter 9, authored by Dr Farah S. Choudhary and Najma Khatoon, explores the impact of digital content on destination loyalty, focusing on Ladakh tourism. The chapter examines the correlation between social media activity and visitor loyalty, offering insights for tourism marketers and destination managers.

In Chapter 10, Dr S. Kumaran, Dr B. Latha and Dr T. Milton present an analytical study of tourist visits to Kumbakarai Waterfalls, highlighting the importance of tourism facilities and transportation infrastructure in enhancing tourist experiences.

Chapter 11, authored by Kingshuk Biswas, showcases the solarisation of Modhera Sun Temple in Gujarat, India, as a sustainable energy initiative. The chapter explores the integration of solar energy with historical heritage, offering a model for rural electrification and sustainable tourism.

Chapter 12, authored by Mr Raushan Kumar, Mr Niranjan Deo Pathak and Shiv Swaroop Jha, examines the role of tourism in the economic development of the Jammu and Kashmir region, emphasising the potential of tourism to drive economic growth and regional advancement.

Chapter 13, authored by Dr Alka Maheshwari and Dr Aruditya Jasrotia, focuses on the development of ecotourism in Himachal Pradesh, India, with a case study of Spiti Valley. The chapter explores the economic and environmental benefits of ecotourism, highlighting its potential for sustainable tourism development.

In Chapter 14, Parikshita Khatua and Liji Panda critically examine the role of subsidies in promoting sustainable tourism and economic growth. The chapter offers insights into the strengths and weaknesses of subsidy programmes, providing recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders.

Chapter 15, authored by Shreeansh Mishra, Jitendra Mohan Mishra and Vaibhav Bhatt, explores the role of self-help groups in promoting destination sustainability. The chapter examines the impact of Self Help Groups (SHGs) on economic empowerment, cultural preservation and environmental conservation, offering valuable insights for sustainable tourism development.

Collectively, these chapters offer a comprehensive exploration of sustainable tourism from diverse perspectives, spanning environmental conservation, community development, economic growth and cultural preservation. We hope that this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, industry practitioners and students interested in advancing sustainable tourism practices globally.

Acknowledgements

Dr Disha Sharma: I would like to express heartfelt gratitude to my parents, Mr Sharad Sharma and Mrs Bina Sharma, and my husband Dr Ashish Singh, for their unwavering support, understanding and motivation throughout the journey of this book. I would like to dedicate this book to my Head Prof (Dr) Sumita Dave for her constant guidance and motivation.

Dr Hamid Abdullah: I dedicate this book to my late father Mr Ghulam Hussain, my mother Mrs Hasim Bibi, my brother Abdul Rahim and my guide Prof Sunil K. Kabia who have been the force behind me in all my endeavours.

Dr Pramendra Singh: I would like to dedicate this book to my family for their unwavering support and motivation during the creation of this book. I would also like to thank my colleagues and friends for their guidance throughout the editing process.