Index
Crises and Popular Dissent, Second Edition
ISBN: 978-1-83549-549-0, eISBN: 978-1-83549-548-3
Publication date: 5 December 2024
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
O'Donnell, M. (2024), "Index", Crises and Popular Dissent, Second Edition, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 229-249. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83549-548-320242011
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2025 Mike O'Donnell. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Aaronovitch, David
, 133
Abortion Act (2018)
, 185
Abortion Rights Campaign (Ireland)
, 185
Academic theory
, 11
Academics
, 24, 25, 40, 78
Act of Settlement (1701)
, 57
Act of Settlement (1688)
, 54
Activism
, 158, 176–177
Activists, xiv, xvi
, 5, 28, 85, 86, 208
Acton, Harold
, 213
Afghanistan
, 56, 138
immigration from
, 137
war
, 56
Africa
, 72
West Africa
, 72, 73
Age Concern
, 181
Agency
, 29, 38, 96, 187
Aguilera, Rodrigo
, 60
Ainsty by-election
, 188
Air pollution
, 191
Akinwotu, E.
, 122
Al Qaeda, xii, xiii
, 136–137
impact of Al-Qaeda and ISIL’s attacks on racism and ethnic conflict
, 137–138
and BLM
, 136–137
Albright, Madeleine
, 56
Alder, David
, 150, 151
Almeida, P. (and Van Dyke, N.)
, 114
Alter-globalisation
, 85–86, 172
Alternative for Germany Party (AfD)
, 130
Amazon
, 39, 142
Ambiguities
, 24
Ambiguity of populism
, 24
America First
, 45, 88, 116, 117
American ‘power elite’
, 106
American Constitution
, 50, 67, 123
American democratic institutions
, 122
American global ascendancy
, 3
American history
, 102
American New Left, The
, 106–108
American New Left movements, The
, 107
American presidential election 2020
, 4
American Revolution
, 102
Amersham by-election
, 188
Anarchism
, 32
Anarcho-populism
, 10, 14, 32, 34
Anchor institutions
, 182
Anderson, Benedict
, 180
Angeli, Oliviero
, 55
Anna Coote
, 187
Anti-Corruption Foundation
, 155
Anti-cosmopolitanism
, 92–96
Anti-fracking activists
, 162
Anti-immigration
, 8, 33, 131
Anti-Islamic sentiment
, 87, 131
Anti-pluralism
, 29
Anti-pluralist
, 28–30
Anti-racism
, 51, 166
Arab Spring
, 32, 38
Arcadia Group
, 34, 172
Argentina
, 72, 212
Assertive antiracist movements
, 10
Associative democracy
, 174
Asylum/asylum seekers (see also Refugees)
, 131
Austerity
, 81
policies
, 85–86
response of left to
, 85–86
Australian points-based system
, 98
Austria
, 87, 130, 144
Austrian Freedom Party
, 18, 33
Authoritarian leaders, x
, 4, 210
voters vote for
, 210–213
Authoritarian leadership, direct democracy and
, 33–35
Authoritarian personality
, 209
Authoritarian populism
, 60, 149
in Eastern Europe
, 146–149
Authoritarian sentiment
, 3
Authoritarian submission
, 209
Authoritarian-liberal bi-polar world, main actors in
, 74–75
Authoritarianism, ix–xi, xvi, xviii
, 1, 5–6, 20, 53, 56, 65–66, 129
and authority
, 8–9
re-emergence of Authoritarianism in west
, 3–5
Authority
, 9
authoritarianism and
, 8–9
Autocracy
, 66
defining political-cultural issue between democracy and
, 67
Autonomy (self)
, 159, 187
Ayyub, Rana
, 2
Banking crisis (see Financial crisis (2007–8))
Bannon, Steve
, 47, 48, 148
Banwell, Stacey
, 191
Barack Obama
, 31, 38, 109
Barton Moss anti-fracking action
, 178
battle of
, 161–162
Base (in Marxist theory)
, 47
Basic minimum income (BMI)
, 218
Battle of Barton Moss, The
, 161–162
Baxter, Sarah
, 125
BBC News
, 48–49
Beacon of participatory democracy
, 107–108
Beck, Ulrich, xiii
, 95
Belgium colonialism
, 131
Bell, Daniel
, 107
Belt and Road initiative
, 73, 74
Bentham, Jeremy
, 98, 159
Berlin Wall
, 53, 54, 146, 153
Beveridge, William
, 186
Bezos, J.
, 11
Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)
, 211
Bibby Financial Services
, 100
Bidé, Jasmina
, 87
Biden, Joe, xvi, 4
, 56, 57, 65, 74, 84, 88, 89, 115–116
Biden and Trump Again! 2024
, 126–128
Big Tech
, 124
Bill of Rights (1689)
, 57, 102
Billionaires
, 168
Birrel, I.
, 165
Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME)
, 80, 200–201
Black liberation movement
, 10, 111
Black Lives Matter (BLM)
, 10, 32, 80, 86, 105–112, 121, 136
Al-Qaeda and
, 136–137
movement for safety and equal representation
, 138–140
Black Panther Party
, 112
Blair, Tony
, 15, 18, 94
Blairite
, 30, 89
Bolsonaro, Jair
, 31, 36, 190, 212, 215
Boohoo Factory, Leicester
, 86
Bottom-up movement
, 5
Bouazizi, Mohamed
, 38
Bradley King
, 114
Braverman, Suella
, 98–99, 217
Brazil
, 72, 212
Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS group)
, 72–73
Breitbart News
, 47
Bremmer, Ian, xiii, xiv, 216
Brexit
, 97–100
and 2016 presidential votes
, 87–90
case for progressive revival
, 96–97
changes in British immigration and asylum law
, 98
context
, 78–80
‘controlling’ immigration and asylum
, 97–99
Corbyn Factor in Brexit 2016 and General Elections
, 89–90
divisiveness of Trump and
, 124–128
Eatwell and Goodwin’s, and Kaufmann’s anti-cosmopolitanism
, 92–96
factors associated with Brexit and election of Donald Trump
, 78–87
financial crisis and Great Recession
, 55
freedom to “choose” trading partners
, 99–100
frustrations and anxieties behind Brexit and Trump votes 2016
, 90–92
Hutton, Will
, 99
immigration
, 81–82
interpretations of Brexit and Trump’s 2016 Election Win
, 90–96
issues after
, 162–167
left and right populist interpretations of immigration
, 86–87
post-Brexit
, 100
realignment of political parties in relation to class and race
, 78–80
referendum
, 78–80
response of left to austerity
, 85–86
right populism
, 83–85
right populist and conservative party post-Brexit
, 162–164
The financial crisis and the Great Recession
, 80–81
Brexit Party, x, 31
, 85, 163
Britain, x, xii, xv, xvi, 53
, 55, 66, 87, 125
left populism and/or progressive revival
, 165–167
popular power
, 157–159
populism in early nineteenthcentury England
, 159–162
radical democracy
, 167–169
right and left populism in
, 162–167
right populism and conservative party post-Brexit
, 162–164
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
, 41, 48–49
British colonialism
, 68
British Conservative Party
, 31, 216
British democracy in 19th century, elite resistance to progress of
, 207–208
British electoral system
, 30
British Empire
, 70
British General Election, xvii– xviii, 97
British immigration and asylum law, changes in
, 98
British Labour Party
, 64, 130
British media
, 48
British Nationality Act (1948)
, 82
British New Left movements, The
, 107
British political system, The
, 188
Brooks, Rayshard
, 111
Brothers of Italy party
, 33
Brown, Gordon
, 94
Bryan, William Jennings
, 101
Buchanan, Pat, x
, 113–118
Bulgaria
, 131
Bullock Report
, 185
Bureaucracy
, 100
Burford, Rachael
, 72
Burgeoning of radical democracy
, 172–175
Burke, Edmund
, 10, 207
Burnett, Jon
, 79, 82
Bush, George
, 109, 113
Butler, Judith
, 39
Calhoun, Craig
, 25, 157, 159–161
Caliphate
, 138
Cambridge Analytica
, 46
Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology (CDS)
, 23
Cambridgeshire
, 188
Cameron, David, ix
, 31, 151, 159, 186, 189
Cancel culture
, 49, 50
Capitalism
, 7, 57, 59
Capitol (United States (attack on))
, 122–124
Capitol episode
, 125
Care
, 203
Caribbean
, 72
Carney, Mark
, 194
Casaleggio, Gianroberto
, 33
Catalan independence movement, The
, 152
Cecil, Nicholas
, 201
Celebrities/’Celebs’
, 24
Central Bank of the United States (‘The Fed’)
, 117
Central European University
, 147
Central government funding support
, 178
Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
, 137
Chain of equivalence
, 28, 29
Chakrabortty, Aditya
, 182
Channel Four
, 49
Charisma/charismatic leaders
, 30
Charismatic power
, 9
Charlie Hebdo (attack on)
, 137
Chartist movement
, 207
Chartists
, 160
Chavez, Hugo
, 27
Cheshamby-election
, 188
Chesterton, George
, 50
Child Poverty Action
, 181
China (Republic of)
, 24
China, ix, xv
, 1–3, 15, 71–75
Chinese Communist Party
, 67
Chirac, Jacques
, 134
Christianity
, 9, 14, 129
Churchill, Winston
, 153, 209
Citizens assemblies
, 6, 14, 167, 168, 185
Irish
, 164
Citizens UK
, 183
Citizens’ rights
, 157, 168
Citizenship, fourth phase of
, 167–169
Civic Coalition
, 148
Civic university
, 183
Civil disobedience
, 130
Civil rights
, 58, 91, 94, 105
Civil Rights Act (1964)
, 124
Civil rights movement (1960)
, 94, 110–112
Civil service
, 34, 45, 48, 148
Civil society
, 180–184
Class
, 200–201
and generation
, 202
realignment of political parties in relation to
, 78–80
Climate Assembly (UK)
, 195
Climate change
competition and conflict
, 190–192
and COVID-19
, 190–196
global problems need global solutions
, 196
green parties and social movements
, 193–194
integrated solution to climate change and inequality
, 202–204
local level and global perspective
, 196
small individual acts
, 193
state and international institutional response
, 194–196
Clinton, Bill
, 18
Clinton, Hillary
, 5, 46, 88, 90, 115–117
Clooney, Amal
, 212
Coalitions
, 32–33
Cockburn, Patrick
, 179
Cognitive ability
, 95, 96
Cohen, Michael
, 116
Cold War
, 71
Collective action
, 10, 37
Collective will concept
, 28
Colston, Edward
, 112, 139
Columbia Broadcasting (CBS)
, 47
Commentators
, 53, 133
Commodification process
, 203
Commodity (data)
, 45
Commonwealth
, 82
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
, 153
Communication
, 41–42
Communication technology
, 121, 171
Communications revolution
, 24
Communism
, 71, 147, 154
Community
, 5
activism
, 176–177
advantages of community participation
, 179–180
awareness
, 176–177
development
, 177–179
power
, 175–180
Community Gateway
, 182
Concept of rights
, 58
Conflict theory
, 191
Congress Party
, 211
Conservatism
, 79
Conservative government
, 49, 96, 158
Conservative Party
, 31, 98, 99, 135, 162–164, 186
Conservatives, xviii
, 41, 78–79
Conspicuous confusion
, 39
Conspicuous consumption
, 39
Conspiracy theories
, 16, 115
Constitution, American constitution
, 67, 123
Construction of a people concept
, 28, 29, 166
Constructive activities
, 183
Contemporary Hong Kong
, 68
Contemporary populism
, 23, 26, 216
Contemporary populism protest
, 161–162
Continental Europe
, 1, 207
Conundrum
, 35–36
Cooper, Ryan
, 115
Coote, Anna
, 187
COP28 (Dubai 2023)
, 72, 192, 196
Corbyn, Jeremy, xvii
, 17, 30, 34–36, 63, 77, 89–90, 97, 149
factor in Brexit 2016 and General Elections of 2017 and 2019
, 89–90
Cosmopolitan democracy
, 93
Cosmopolitan global institutionalisation
, 94–95
Cosmopolitan liberalism
, 7, 92, 95
Cosmopolitanism
, 79, 93, 94
COVID-19 (corona pandemic), xii, xvi, 4, 65
, 89, 189–190
class and ethnicity
, 200–201
class and generation
, 202
climate change and
, 190–196
and democracy
, 197
and equality
, 197
gathered momentum
, 189
good governance and grass roots democracy
, 197–200
and governance
, 197–200
and inequality
, 200–202
lessons for democracy and equality
, 197
and technology
, 169
Cowboys
, 103, 124
Cox, Jo
, 138
Creativity
, 59
Crisis of liberal hegemony and authoritarian
authoritarianism and authority
, 8–9
defining far right, far left, extreme and radical right in relation to populism
, 17–18
framework for comparing populism and neoliberalism to other ideologies
, 14–19
global and local scope of struggle
, 1–3
ideology
, 13–14
key concepts in relation to themes and questions
, 7–13
liberalism
, 7–8
neoliberalism’s influence within political spectrum
, 18–19
populism
, 9–10
populism and liberalism’s relationship to other ideologies and political parties
, 13–14
populism in political spectrum
, 14–17
racialism and racism
, 12–13
radical democracy
, 5–6
re-emergence of authoritarianism in west
, 3–5
social movements
, 10
social stratification and identity concepts in relation to neoliberalism and populism
, 11–12
themes and questions
, 6–7
youth as agent of progressive change
, 20–21
Crouch, C.
, 6, 12
Cullors, P.
, 111
Cultural hegemony
, 38–40
Cultural populism, xiv, 23–51
Cultural separatism
, 145
Culture wars
, 38–47
continuation of
, 47–51
effects and influence of social media
, 43–44
hegemonic elites and mass participants
, 42–43
new battles
, 41–42
power, politics and media
, 44–47
technological revolution, social media and cultural hegemony
, 38–40
Cummings, Dominic
, 48, 190
Cutts, David
, 78
Daily Mail, The
, 89
Daily Telegraph, The
, 47, 48, 89
Daines, Steve
, 124
Danish People’s Party
, 131, 141
Davie, Tim
, 45
Davies, William dealignment (of party support)
, 96, 133
Dawn, Golden
, 17, 109, 136
De-industrialisation
, 84
Declaration of Independence (USA)
, 101, 102
Definitions
local
, 1
national
, 1
power
, 1
transnational
, 11
Deliberative democracy
, 175
Democracy (see also Radical democracy), x, xi, 57
, 59, 175
defining political-cultural issue between autocracy and
, 67
elite power and sense of superiority
, 206–207
elite resistance to progress of British democracy in 19th century
, 207–208
grass roots
, 197–200
lessons for
, 197
mid-20th century left intellectuals, media and people
, 208–210
people and leaders
, 205–213
strengthen democracy
, 213–218
types of
, 158
voters vote for authoritarian leaders
, 210–213
Democratic deficit
, 36–37
Democratic equality
, 157–169, 200
Democratic Party (USA)
, 101, 121
Democratic reform
, 5, 6, 108, 120, 167, 172, 198
Democratic socialism
, 15, 64, 157
Democrats
, 91, 118–120, 125, 128
Demography
, 124
Denmark, xiv, 87
, 130, 131, 141
DeSantis, Ron
, 125, 126
Devolution of power
, 158, 184
Di Maio, Luigi
, 33
Di Muzio, Tim
, 12
Diani, Mario
, 166
Dictatorship
, 8, 66, 154–155, 175
Diggers (The)
, 58
Digital revolution, xiii, 42
, 188
Direct democracy
, 6, 33–35
Dis-embedding (of markets)
, 62
Discourse theory
, 39
Discursive approach
, 39
Discursive-performative approach
, 39
Divisiveness of Trump and Brexit
, 124–128
Biden and Trump Again! 2024
, 126–128
Dole, Bob
, 113
Dorling, Danny
, 46
Double movement
, 62
Doughnut Economics
, 196
Draca, Mirco
, 56, 82
Dual consciousness
, 40
Dual systems of participatory and representative democracy
, 171
Dublin Regulation
, 136
Duda, Andrzej (President of Poland)
, 148
Duterte, Rodrigo
, 2, 211–212
Dutschke, Rudi
, 30
Eastern Europe, authoritarian populism in
, 146–149
Eatwell, Roger
, 17, 18, 34, 77–80, 83, 84, 88, 90–93, 96, 116, 120
Eatwell anti-cosmopolitanism
, 92–96
Economic libertarianism
, 212
Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP)
, 108
Economically Deprived Anti-immigration
, 88
Economist’s Intelligence Democracy Index
, 75
Ecosocial welfare
, 202–204
Education and experiential learning
, 213
and participation
, 213
Education Policy Institute (Report on educational inequality)
, 202
Eldridge, John
, 45
Electioneering
, 75
Elite, The
, 25–26
Elite in populist theory
, 12
Elite power and sense of superiority
, 206–207
Elite resistance to progress of British democracy in 19th century
, 207–208
Elite/Mass Analysis of American Society
, 106–107
Elkins, Caroline
, 70
Emancipative values
, 60
Empire and globalisation
, 139–140
Enclosure (movement)
, 25
Encounter (journal)
, 109
English Defence League (EDL)
, 56
English populism
, 25, 160
Enlightenment, The
, 59–60
Environmental movement
, 166
Environmental pollution
, 17, 191
Episodic public protests
, 37
Equality, lessons for
, 197
Equality and Human Rights Commission
, 96
Errejon, Inigo
, 151
Ethics
, 177–179
Ethnic conflict, impact of Al-Queda and ISIL’s attacks on
, 137–138
Ethnicity
, 12–13, 200–201
Ethno-nationalism ethos
, 116
Ethno-traditional nationalism
, 133
Europe
, 85
impact of Al-Queda and ISIL’s attacks on racism and ethnic conflict
, 137–138
alternative approach to multiculturalism
, 145–146
authoritarian populism in Eastern Europe
, 146–149
BLM
, 138–140
causes of Europe’s Right/Left divide
, 132–135
consequences of empire
, 135–138
different responses to empire
, 136–137
EU
, 140–146
expansion and member tensions
, 140–146
immigration, multiculturalism and refugee crisis of 2015
, 140–146
left populism
, 149–152
post-second world war openness to immigration into
, 134–135
responsibility for consequences of empire
, 135–138
Russia’s War’ in Ukraine
, 152–155
Second Cold War
, 155–156
shift to right
, 129–132
European Central Bank
, 143, 150
European Coal and Steel Community
, 141
European Commission
, 142, 147, 150
European Community
, 141
European Convention on Human Rights (1950)
, 141
European Court of Human Rights (ECHR)
, 96, 99, 141
European Court of Justice
, 147, 162
European Parliament (2014)
, 134, 151
European Union (EU), x, xii
, 1, 2, 77, 129, 146
alternative approach to multiculturalism
, 145–146
Commission
, 144, 146
COVID-19 Recovery Fund
, 143
expansion and member tensions
, 140–143
immigration, multiculturalism, and refugee crisis of 2015
, 143–145
Leavers
, 159
Extinction Generation (EG)
, 121
Extinction Rebellion (ER)
, 10, 32, 86, 193–194
Extreme capitalism
, 81
Extreme ideologies
, 15
Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix and Google (FAANG)
, 142, 176
Facebook
, 46
False consciousness concept
, 208, 209
Familiar issues
, 41–42
Fanon, Franz
, 112
Far Right/Left (see also Extremism)
, 17–18
Far-right racism
, 55, 164–165
Farage, Nigel
, 16, 31, 34, 43, 48, 55, 63, 82, 83, 85–87, 159, 163
Fascism
, 3, 15, 105
Federal Bureau of Investigation
, 46
Fein, Sein
, 164
Feminism
, 10, 27, 51
Fenton, Ted
, 201
Feudal(ism)
, 58, 59
Fico, Robert, 2
, 149, 156
Fidesz Party (Hungary)
, 146
Figes, Orlando
, 154
Financial crisis (2007–2008)
, 55, 80–81
Finland
, 3, 130, 140
Five Star Movement (M5S)
, 33
Flinders, Mathew
, 24
Floyd, George
, 80, 111, 138, 139
Forget Populism
, 23
Fortuyn, Pim
, 143
Four freedoms (EU)
, 85
Fox News
, 47, 48
France, x, xviii, 57
, 134, 136, 141, 142, 159
Frankfurt School
, 209
Freedland, Jonathan
, 95
Freedom of speech
, 67, 123–124
Daines, Steve
, 124
Freedom Party (Austria)
, 18, 130, 144
French National Front
, 18
French Revolution
, 57
Friedman, Milton
, 169
Friedman, Rose
, 169
Frome
, 188
Front National (FN), xviii
, 134
Fukuyama, Francis
, 54, 78
Fuller, Gary
, 191
Funding (Community work)
, 177–179
G20
, 72
Gamers and Breakers
, 123
Garza, Alicia
, 111
Gasset Ortego y
, 36
Gates, Bill
, 11
Gathering crisis of liberalism
, 55–57
Gaza, offensive in
, 127
GB News
, 48–49
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
, 113
General Elections (2017 and 2019)
, 89–90
General Theory of Employment, Money and Interest
, 62
General will concept
, 28
Generation, class and
, 202
Gentleman, A.
, 131
George Bush
, 109
Georgia
, 156
Gerbaudo, Paulo
, 32, 34, 65, 106, 110
German AfD, The
, 216
German Christian Democrats
, 17
Germany
, 130, 136
Ghetto life
, 144
Giddens, Anthony
, 93, 133, 145
Gilbert, Jeremy
, 185
Gitlin, Todd
, 110, 172
Giuliani, Rudy
, 122
Glass Half Empty, The
, 60
Global problems need global solutions
, 196
Global solutions, global problems need
, 196
Global South
, 71–74
power and poor south
, 72
Global warming
, 95, 121, 191
Globalisation, xiii
, 169
empire and
, 62–63
Glorious Revolution (1688)
, 57, 58
Golden Dawn
, 17, 109, 136
Good governance
, 197–200
Goodhart, David
, 95, 96, 133, 135
Goodman, Paul
, 180
Goodwin, Fred
, 81, 96
Goodwin, Matthew
, 17, 34, 77–80, 83, 84, 88, 90–96
Gove, Michael
, 42
Government
, 58
Gramsci, Antonio
, 40, 209
Grass roots democracy
, 107, 159, 197–200
Great Depression
, 36
Great Recession
, 19, 55, 63, 80–83, 172
Great Reform Act (1832)
, 207
Great Transformation, The
, 62
Greece, left populism in
, 149–152
Greek debt crisis, The
, 143
Greek general election (2015)
, 149
Green, Philip
, 172
Green Investment Policy
, 193
Green Paper on housing policy
, 186
Green Party
, 144, 193
Greenpeace
, 86
Grigio, Beppe
, 33
Guardian, The
, 47
Habeas Corpus
, 57
Hagendoorm, Louk
, 143
Hailey, Niki
, 126
Hamas, xii, 3
, 4, 69
Harris, John
, 199
Harris, Kamala, xvii–xviii
, 120, 126–128
Harvey, David
, 18, 81
Hate crimes
, 56, 82, 138
Hayek, Friedrich
, 7, 62, 169
Health
, 60
and consumption
, 185
Hebdo, Charlie
, 137
Hegemonic elites
, 42–43
Hegemony
, 7–8
definitions
, 40
Held, David
, 92–93
Hill, Joe
, 64
Hitler, Adolf
, 9, 209
Hobbes, Thomas
, 58–59
Hoggart, Richard
, 41
Hong Kong
, 24
Horizontal democracy
, 172
Hostile environment
, 131
House of Commons
, 185
House of Lords
, 99, 168, 184, 207
Houthis, The
, 69
Howker, Ed (and Shiv Malik)
, 12
Hubris
, 54
Human equality
, 145
Human factor
, 189–190
Human hyper-competitiveness
, 192
Human rights, xi, xv
, 7, 57–59
evolution
, 58–59
Human well-being
, 185
Hungarian Fidesz Party, The
, 146
Hungary, authoritarian populism in
, 146–149
Hunt, Jeremy
, 169, 189
Hussein, Saddam
, 66, 69
Hutton, Will
, 99, 100
Hyper-masculine cultures
, 11
Identity concepts
, 11–12
Ideologies
, 15
Ideology debate
, 26–28
IGAS
, 161, 162
Iglesias, Pablo
, 34, 38, 150–152
Illiberal democracy
, 34, 147
Illiberalism, xi, 65
, 147
Immigration, xi, xiv, xvii
, 12–13, 81–82, 130–131, 135, 139, 140, 146
and asylum, controlling
, 97–99
Britain
, 53
Europe
, 134–135
left and right populist interpretations of
, 86–87
legal status
, 140
and nationalism
, 16
nationalist response to
, 83–85
policy
, 133, 139
United States
, 53
Immigration (2015)
, 143–145
Immigration Act (1971)
, 82, 98
Impeachments (of President Trump)
, 123
Imperialism
, 133
European
, 132
Inclusivity
, 184
Independent Greeks Party (ANEL)
, 149
India, xviii
, 2, 111
Indignados
, 150, 151
Industrial modernity
, 68
Industrial revolution
, 24, 42
Inequality
, 58–59
COVID-19 and
, 200–202
integrated solution to climate change and
, 202–204
Inman, Philip
, 88
Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR)
, 200
Institutional democracy
, 167, 175
Institutional racism
, 13, 139, 140
Institutional systems, xvi
, 140
Institutionalised democratic power
, 177
Integrated solution to climate change and inequality
, 202–204
Intellectual emancipation
, 176
Intellectuals, mid-20th century left
, 208–210
Intensification of argument
, 49
Intercultural policy
, 145
Interculturalism (see also Multiculturalism)
, 93, 145–146
Internal group-organisation
, 34
International Atomic Energy Agency
, 69
International geo-politics
, 155
International institutional response
, 194–196
International institutions
, 169
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
, 73, 85, 150
International Non-Government Organisations (INGOs)
, 86
Internet Explosive Devices (IEDs)
, 73
Internet revolution
, 49, 176
Iran, xi
, 9, 72, 73, 211
Iraq
immigration
, 56
war
, 138
Islam
, 13, 14
and France
, 134
and Holland
, 131
and Trump
, 138
Islamic militant attacks
, 131
Islamic militants
, 81
Islamic State (IS)
, 135
Islamophobia
, 12, 56, 77, 138
Israel, xii, xviii, 4
, 68, 69
Italy (populism in)
, 43, 131
Jackson, Andrew
, 103
Jacobs, Paul
, 107
Jefferson, Thomas
, 102, 124
Jinping, Xi
, 74
Johnson, Boris
, 8, 15, 34, 41, 43–45, 47, 48, 65, 85, 90, 163, 190, 197, 200, 207, 212, 216, 217
Jones, Bryn
, 29, 167, 216
Jones, Kate
, 195
Jospin, Lionel
, 134
Judah, Ben
, 73
Judis, John
, 18, 105
Kaczynski, Jaroslaw
, 34, 148
Kaltwasser, Christóbal
, 26–29, 110
Kaufmann, Eric
, 83, 87, 88, 90–96, 109, 115, 117, 120, 125, 133
Kenya
, 74
Keynes, Maynard
, 62
Keynesian Revolution
, 62
Khan, Mayor
, 191
Khodorkovsky, Mikhail
, 154
King, Martin Luther
, 11
Kulaks
, 26, 71
La Republique en March
, 64
Labelling
, 12
Labour movement
, 10
Labour Party, xviii
, 30, 99, 169, 186, 187, 193
Laclau, Ernesto
, 26, 38
Lady Hallett
, 189
Landau, Saul
, 107, 108, 111
Laos
, 74
Large-scale organisational systems
, 171
Latin America, xviii
, 2, 4, 83
Law and Justice Party (PiS, Poland)
, 146, 148
Le Pen, Jean-Marie
, 134–135, 141
rise of
, 134–135
Le Pen, Marine
, 83, 84
Leadership and representation
, 35–36
Leave campaign
, 77, 78, 85, 97, 105
Left modernists
, 93
Left populism, xi, xvi
, 4, 9, 16, 20, 21, 129, 165, 166, 167
and/or progressive revival
, 165–167
in Britain
, 162–167
charisma conundrum
, 35–36
Podemos
, 150–152
Syriza
, 149–150
and variations
, 30–38
Left populists, xvi
, 27, 29, 35
front for radical democracy
, 165
interpretations of immigration
, 86–87
movements
, 36, 110, 111
parties
, 131
Left social movements
, 158
Left-liberal progressive dialogue
, 63–64
Left-modernists
, 93
Left-wing populists
, 86
Left/right model
, 17
Lega Nord (Northern League)
, 33
Levellers (The)
, 58
Levelling up
, 200, 201
Levitksy, Steven
, 54
LGBTQ movement
, 109, 166
LGBTU movement/s
, 10
Liberal capitalism
, 15
Liberal cultural values
, 60
Liberal democracy, xv
, 1, 3, 14, 26, 33, 54, 65, 66, 70, 205, 206, 212, 214
Liberal democratic regimes
, 33, 146
Liberal Enlightenment, The
, 59–61
Liberal hegemony
crisis of concepts in relation to
themes and questions
, 7–13
themes and questions
, 6–7
youth as agent of progressive change
, 20–21
Liberal ideology
, 1, 53, 57
Liberal Party
, 61
Liberal pluralism
, 28
Liberal reforms
, 160
Liberal revolution
, 57–58
Liberal social democracy
, 16, 59, 65, 129, 194
Liberal values
, 56, 60, 61, 65, 146, 154, 194
Liberalism (see also Cosmopolitan liberalism; Neoliberalism; Populism; Progressive liberalism), xi, xiv, xv
, 6–8, 14, 20, 56, 59, 77–78
in 1989
, 55–57
capitalism, democracy and human rights
, 57–59
China and Unites States
, 74–75
evolution of human rights
, 58–59
freedom of speech and expression
, 67
gathering crisis, post-1989
, 55–57
left-liberal progressive dialogue
, 63–64
mixed response to liberalism’s flawed heritage
, 65–67
nationalism
, 87–90
new global order
, 70–71
new wealth challenges traditional authority
, 57–58
populism and liberalism’s relationship to other ideologies and political parties
, 13–14
progressive alliance
, 64–65
progressive liberalism and neoliberalism
, 61–75
relationship to other ideologies and political parties
, 13–14
rise of neoliberalism and globalisation
, 62–63
roots of
, 57–59
Russia, China, and ‘Global South’
, 71–74
under siege
, 53–54
tensions in
, 132–135
The liberal enlightenment
, 59–61
triumph and hubris
, 54
uncompleted ‘enlightenment’
, 59–61
impact of west on world
, 67–70
World and West
, 65–67
Lieven, Anatol
, 194–195
Lincoln, Abraham
, 75
Lipset, Seymour Martin
, 102, 108, 109
Local communities
, 178
Local democracy
, 171
Local initiatives in participation
, 181–184
Local level and global perspective
, 196
Locke, John
, 58–59, 102
Logic evidence
, 191
London Citizens
, 183
Long, Huey
, 104
Lowe, Robert
, 207
Luther King, Martin
, 111, 112
Lynd, Staughton
, 102
Macron, Emmanuel
, 64
Madoff, Bernie
, 81
Maduro, Nicolas
, 32, 36, 215
Mail on Sunday, The
, 49
Major, J.
, 19
Make America Great Again (MAGA)
, 127
Malik, Shiv (and Ed Howker)
, 12
Manafort, Paul
, 46
Mandelson, Peter
, 48
Mander, Harsh
, 51
Manifestoes (Labour Party), xviii
, 29
Marcuse, Herbert
, 107
Marliere, Philippe
, 130
Marshall, T. H.
, 48, 57, 157–158, 167–169, 186
Martineau, Harriet
, 208
Martini
, 135
Marx
, 37, 208
Marxism
, 11, 13, 107, 191
Marxist base-superstructure model
, 47
Marxist concept
, 208
Maslow, Abraham
, 60
Mass (the)
, 15
Mass participants
, 42–43
Mass society (theory)
, 106, 210
Mature inclination
, 213
Mau Mau rebellion
, 70
May, Theresa
, 131
Mayo, Marjorie
, 176
McCain, John
, 31
McConnell, Mitch
, 123
McGrew, Anthony
, 93
McLuhan, Marshall
, 24, 41
McQuarrie, Michael
, 90
Media, x
, 44–47
mid-20th century left
, 208–210
Medvedev, Dmitry
, 155
Meloni, Georgia
, 33
Merkel, Angela
, 144, 145
Meyer, David
, 31, 114
Micklethwait, John
, 190, 198, 204
Micro-fascist
, 44
Middle American radicals (MARs)
, 105
Middle East, xi, xviii
, 9, 32, 55, 70, 142
Migrants (see also Refugees)
, 86, 87, 98, 214
Milei, J.
, 2, 149, 212
Miliband, Ralph
, 96
Millennium Manifesto (1999)
, 154
Miller, Jacob
, 39
Mills, Charles Wright
, 37, 96, 106, 107, 176, 205, 210
Ministry of Democracy
, 185
Ministry of Mutuality
, 185
Mishra, Pankaj
, 59
Mixed heritage
, 59–61
Mixed race
, 120, 133
Modi, Narendra
, 2, 73, 211
Moffitt, Benjamin
, 39
Momentum
, 30, 31, 186
Monism
, 108–109
Moore, Tom
, 199
Moria migration camp (Greece)
, 144
Morison
, 102
Moss, Barton
, 157, 161–162, 178, 181
Mouffe, Chantal, xiv
, 26–29, 37, 40, 110, 151, 157, 158, 161, 165–167, 215
Movement (1960s), xi
, 37–38, 105–110, 148
Movement for safety and equal representation
, 138–140
Movement of the Squares
, 32, 34, 86, 106
Moyo, Dambisa
, 214
Mudde, Cas
, 26–29, 108–110, 161, 216
Müeller, Robert
, 46, 117
Muller, Jan-Werner
, 28, 29, 35
Multiculturalism (see also Interculturalism)
, 87, 109, 130, 133–135, 140–146, 166
alternative approach to
, 145–146
Murdoch, Rupert
, 48
Murphy, Mary P.
, 202–204
Murray, Douglas
, 133, 135, 145
Museveni, Yoweri
, 122
Musk, Elon
, 49
Muslims
countries
, 77, 83, 87
immigration
, 83
Narodniks
, 26, 43
National community
, 184
National Front (now National Rally) (France)
, 18
National governments
, 5, 169
National Guard (USA)
, 118
National levels, community at
, 180
National participatory, social renewal to
, 184–188
National populism
, 20, 34, 77
National symbols
, 112
Nationalism, xi, xiv
, 10, 16, 63, 71, 77, 83, 85–90, 131, 133, 138, 140, 145, 152, 163, 216
ethno-traditional nationalism
, 91, 133
Nationalist ideology
, 16, 77
Nationalistic right populism
, 4
Nationality Act (1981)
, 82
Navalny, Alexei, x
, 8, 155, 210
Neil, Andrew
, 48
Neiman, Susan
, 50
Neo-Fascism
, 6
Neo/populism, monism’ as description of
, 108–109
Neoliberal capitalism
, 59
Neoliberal socio-cultural theory
, 62
Neoliberalism, xv
, 5, 8, 10, 11–19, 61–75, 81
concept origins
, 7–8
definitions
, 14–19
influence within political spectrum
, 18–19
rise of neoliberalism and globalisation
, 62–63
social stratification and identity concepts in relation to
, 11–12
Netherlands
, 87, 143
New Deal
, 103, 104
New Economics Foundation (NEF)
, 187
New Labour
, 48, 172
New Left
, 93, 105–109
Newcastle Institute for Social Renewal
, 183
Next Generation EU Fund
, 146
No-platforming
, 49
Non-doctrinaire municipal socialism
, 183
Non-Government Organisations (NGOs)
, 86
Non-violent protest
, 192
Non-Western democracies
, 2
North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
, 88, 113
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
, 2, 56, 137, 155, 205
Northern Ireland
, 164
Norway
, 87, 130, 135
Norwegian Progress Party (FrP)
, 134
Nottingham Council
, 179
Obama, Barack
, 31, 38, 90, 93, 109, 114–115, 148
Observational evidence
, 191
Occupy movement
, 25, 26, 32, 105, 109–110
O’Donnell, Mike
, 12, 34, 93, 172
Ofcom
, 48
Oligarchy
, 8, 66, 175
Oltermann, Philip
, 193
One nation conservatism
, 19, 79, 85
One Nation group
, 19, 99, 169
Orbán, Viktor
, 2, 11, 27, 149
Organic intellectuals
, 40
Osborne, George
, 84
Owen, Robert
, 160
Oxfam
, 86
Oxford Concise Dictionary of Politics and international Relations
, 8, 13
Oxford Dictionary of Sociology, The
, 12
Pact of Free Cities (Visegrad mayors)
, 148
Paine, Tom
, 159, 160
Palin, Sarah
, 34, 114
Pandemic
, 197, 199, 200
Paris Agreement (2015)
, 192
Parker, Martin
, 199
Parliamentarians (English Civil War)
, 57
Participation
, 187
education for
, 203
local initiatives in
, 181–184
Participation Income (PI)
, 203
Participatory budgeting (PB)
, 185
Participatory democracy, xvi
, 51, 65, 107–108, 157, 167, 168, 171, 218
beacon of
, 107–108
community power and
, 175–180
Participatory democratic organization
, 172
Participatory democratic policies
, 184
Parties
, 32–33
Party for Freedom (PVV)
, 83, 131
Partygate
, 190
Patel, Priti
, 98
Path to Net Zero, The
, 195
Patriot ideology
, 115
Patriotism
, 135, 154, 155, 216
Pax Americana
, 156
Peasantry
, 25, 59, 62
Peasants revolt
, 159
Peer Learning Network
, 179
People (the) in populist theory
, 25–26
People, mid-20th century left
, 208–210
People Act (1832)
, 207–208
People’s Party (Austria)
, 33
Performativity
, 39
Perot, Ross, x
, 113–118
Personal data
, 45
Peterborough
, 188
Philippines
, 2, 211
Pidd, Helen
, 200
Piketty, Thomas
, 11, 63, 85
Pinker, Stephen
, 59, 60
Planetary wellbeing, xi, xvi
, 5, 167, 185
Plato (on governance)
, 198
Pleyers, Geoffrey
, 85–86, 95, 172
Plokhy, Serhii
, 153
Pluralism
, 15, 28–29
Pluralist
, 15, 28–30
Plymouth
, 181, 183, 199
Podemos
, 32, 38, 64, 110, 130, 150–152
Poland, authoritarian populism in
, 146–149
Polanyi, Karl
, 62, 203
Polarisation (political)
, 88, 124, 130, 135–138, 176
Political advocacy
, 176
Political discourse
, 26
Political ideology
, 11, 14, 36
Political inclusion
, 160
Political liberalism
, 60
Political movements
, 35
Political parties, xi, xvi
, 37–38
populism and liberalism’s relationship to other ideologies and
, 13–14
realignment of political parties in relation to class and race
, 78–80
Political polarisation
, 135–138
Political spectrum
, 18
neoliberalism’s influence within
, 18–19
populism in
, 14–17
Politicised racial consciousness
, 117
Politics, power and media
, 44–47
Poll tax (1381)
, 159
Popular dissent
, 160
Populism (see also Liberalism), x, xi, xiv
, 1, 4, 6, 9–12, 14, 18, 20–21, 23, 25, 37, 46–47, 53, 103–105, 129, 130, 146, 213, 215
authoritarian
, 60
BBC and GB News
, 48–49
big debate
, 26–30
in Britain
, 157
contemporary populism protest
, 161–162
continuation of culture wars
, 47–51
cultural populism
, 23
definitions
, 9–10
democratic deficit
, 36–37
direct democracy and authoritarian leadership
, 33–35
in early nineteenth-century England
, 159–162
in Eastern Europe
, 11
effects and influence of social media
, 43–44
framework for comparing populism and neoliberalism to other ideologies
, 14–19
freedom of speech, control, and protection
, 49–51
general will or collective will
, 28
hegemonic elites and mass participants
, 42–43
ideology debate
, 26–28
leadership and representation
, 35–36
left and right populism and variations
, 30–38
and liberalism’s relationship to other ideologies and political parties
, 13–14
monism’ as description of
, 108–109
national populism
, 34
new battles
, 41–42
participatory democracy
, 51
people vs. elite
, 25–26
pluralist or anti-pluralist
, 28–30
in political spectrum
, 14–17
populist cultural trend
, 38–47
populist parties in alliance with mainstream parties
, 32–33
power, politics, and media
, 44–47
radical right in relation to populism
, 17–18
relationship to other ideologies and political parties
, 13–14
social stratification and identity concepts in relation to
, 11–12
stages of populist development
, 37–38
technological revolution, social media, and cultural hegemony
, 38–40
in Western Europe
, 56
Populist cultural trend
, 38–47
Populist culture
, 23, 24
Populist development stages
, 37–38
Populist groups
, 25
Populist movements
, 29, 31, 37
Populist parties in alliance with mainstream parties
, 32–33
Populist Party (USA)
, 101
Populist style
, 43
Populist Zeitgeist
, 101–103
Port Huron Statement (PHS)
, 107, 108
Porto Alegre
, 16, 171, 185
Post-Brexit, xvi
, 96–97, 100, 162–164
Post-growth
, 203
Post-marxist
, 27, 40
Post-pandemic, xiv
, 190, 197, 202
Post-second world war openness to immigration into Europe
, 134–135
Post-war economic expansion
, 134
Postman Neil
, 41
Poverty, xiii, xvi
, 14, 46, 80, 210
Power
, 44–47
and community
, 175–180
elite power
, 28
redistribution of
, 26
for use
, 28
Power Elite, The
, 106
Pre-democratic regimes
, 205
Precariat (the)
, 12
definition
, 12
Presidential Election
of 2016
, 116–118
of 2020
, 118–121
Presidential votes (2016), Brexit and
, 87–90
Preston model
, 182
Priestly, James
, 159
Prigozhin, Yevgeny
, 72, 155
Progressive alliance, xvi
, 64–65, 158, 166
Progressive liberalism, xv
, 7–8, 61–75
Progressive parties
, 187
Progressive policies
, 103
Progressive pracademic
, 204
Progressive revival, xvii–xviii
, 96–97, 165, 167
Progressivism
, 64, 96, 104, 166, 217
Proportional representation
, 17, 144, 185
Protests
, 24, 33, 37
Pryce, Richard
, 159
Publics
, 13, 18, 205
Putin, Vladimir
, 129, 154, 206
power vertical
, 154
sovereign democracy
, 154
Raab, Earl
, 108, 109
Race, realignment of political parties in relation to class and
, 78–80
Race Relations Acts
, 82
Racial stereotype
, 13
Racialism
, 12–13
Racism, x
, 124–128
impact of Al-Queda and ISIL’s attacks on
, 137–138
anti-racism
, 109
definition
, 12–13
Racist defender of segregation and white supremacy
, 104–105
Radical democracy
, 4–6, 29, 165–167, 169, 215
a fourth phase of citizenship?
, 167–169
advantages of community participation
, 179–180
approach
, 28, 29
burgeoning of
, 172–175
civil society and social renewal
, 180–184
community at national and transnational levels
, 180
community awareness and activism
, 176–177
community development, funding and ethics
, 177–179
community power and participatory democracy
, 175–180
definitions
, 4
institutionalisation of
, 62
local initiatives in participation
, 181–184
representation to participation
, 171–175
social renewal to national participatory
, 184–188
Radical democratic citizenship
, 27
Radical democratisation of power
, 5
Radical democrats
, 166
Radical group Momentum
, 30
Radical liberalism
, 64
Radical minority groups
, 58
Radicalism
, 159, 160
Rankin, Nicholas
, 70
Rawnsley, Andrew
, 122
Raworth, Kate
, 196
Reagan, Ronald
, 18, 105
Realignment (Party)
, 78–80
Realism, failing
, 172
Realistic Utopia, xiv
, 180
Recession
, 12, 80–81, 115, 134
Recognition
, 145
Red Wall
, 79, 80, 87, 89, 90
Red Wall Vote
, 80, 90
Rees-Mogg, William
, 43
Referendum, x
, 79, 80
Reform Act (1867)
, 207
Reform Party
, 169
Refugee Crisis (2015), xii
, 143–145
Refugees (see also Asylum/asylum seekers), xviii
, 56, 136
Regulation (economic)
, 115
Reich, Charles
, 109
Reith, John
, 45, 51
Religion
, 9, 12, 67, 211
Remain campaign
, 46, 77
Representative democracy
, 6, 28, 29, 33, 51, 57, 60, 160, 175
Republican Party (USA), x
, 17, 114, 125, 126
Republicanism
, 159
Ressa, Maria, x
, 2, 211, 212
Right populism, xiv
, 4, 16, 34, 83–85, 129, 130, 140–146, 191
in Britain
, 162–167
and conservative party post-Brexit
, 162–164
and variations
, 30–38
Right populists
, 35
interpretations of immigration
, 86–87
parties
, 131
Right-wing coalition
, 33, 135
Right-wing discontent
, 114
Right-wing populism, xv
, 148
Right-wing populist movements
, 34
Right-wing populist parties
, 130, 216
Right-wing populists
, 86, 115, 117
Right/Left divide, causes of Europe’s
, 132–135
Rights legislation
, 57
Rightwards shift in Europe
, 129–156
Riots (August 2024)
, 164–165
Risk society, xiii
, 95
Robinson, T.
, 164
Romania
, 131
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
, 103, 104
Roosevelt, Theodore
, 103
Roper Centre
, 117
Ross Perot’s presidential campaign (1992), x
, 113
Rossen, John
, 102
Royal Bank of Scotland
, 81
Runciman, David
, 54
Russia, ix–xi, xv, xviii
, 1–3, 67, 71, 74
Russia’s War’ in Ukraine
, 152–155
‘cometh the hour’
, 153
‘cometh the Man’
, 154–155
Russian Wagner Group
, 72
Rust Belt Vote
, 8, 46, 84, 87, 90, 116
Rwanda agreement
, 99
Safety of Rwanda Bill, The
, 99
Safi, Michael
, 191
Salvini, Matteo
, 33, 144
Sandbrook, Dominic
, 93
Sanders, Bernie
, 31, 32, 115–116
presidential election (2016), x
, 5, 44, 46, 75, 116–118
Santelli, Rick
, 114
Saudi Arabia
, 65, 66, 72, 73
Science, xiv
, 8, 13, 59, 60, 121
Scottish government
, 185
Scottish independence
, 163
Scottish National Party
, 164
Second Cold War
, 155–156
Secularisation process
, 9
Segregation, racist defender of
, 104–105
Selby by-election
, 188
Self actualisation
, 60
Senate (USA Congress)
, 118, 123, 184, 185
Seymour, Richard, x
, 44
Shay’s rebellion
, 102
Sherbourne, Viscount
, 207
Shia-dominated regime
, 211
Silicon Valley
, 40
Silone-Yates, Josephine
, 208
Silva, Lula da
, 2, 212, 216
Singapore
, 190
Slavery
, 112, 124
Slovakia
, 2, 146, 147, 149, 156
Small individual acts
, 193
Smer Party
, 149
Sniderman, Paul
, 143
Snyder, Timothy
, 123
Social Chapter (EU)
, 142
Social democracy, xv
, 8, 14, 17, 36, 61
in Europe
, 59
Social Democratic Party (Germany)
, 130, 193
Social inequality
, 11, 16, 60, 80, 202, 208
Social justice
, 20, 80, 203
Social libertarianism
, 212, 213
Social media, x
, 38, 40, 42, 49
effects and influence of
, 43–44
regulation
, 123–124
Social movements, xi, xv
, 10, 105, 110, 166, 172, 175, 192–194
Green Parties and
, 193–194
Social renewal
, 180, 184, 188
to national participatory democratic reform
, 184–188
Social stratification
, 11–12
Social system
, 8, 40, 124, 168
Socialisation process
, 203
Socialism
, 15, 16, 32
Socialist Workers’ Party of Spain (PSOE)
, 16, 151
Solberg, Erna
, 135
Solidarity
, 20, 28, 30, 107, 118, 139, 184
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr
, 71
South Africa, xviii
, 73
South Korea
, 190
Southern populists and progressive centre
, 103–105
Charles Wright Mills
, 106–107
(early) American New Left
, 107–108
George Wallace
, 104–105
Huey Long
, 104
monism’ as description of neo/populism
, 108–109
Southport
, 164, 165
Soviet Communism
, 54
Soviet rule
, 147
Soviet Union
, 53, 71, 74, 153, 155
Soyinka, Wole
, 122
Spain, left populism in
, 16, 26, 149–152
Spanish Socialist Party
, 32, 85
Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE)
, 130
Spectacular act
, 39
Speed, Steven
, 161–162, 192, 197
Spivey, William
, 111
Sri Lanka
, 74
Standard left-right political divide
, 30
Standing, G.
, 12
Starmer, Keir
, 17, 29, 100, 158, 187
Startup Party
, 48
State (The)
, 5
State institutional response
, 194–196
State support
, 177
Stengel, Frank
, 17, 215
Stereotype/stereotyping
, 11–13, 139, 144
Stiglitz, Joseph
, 11, 85
Storming of capitol by trump supporters and global impact
, 122–124
attack on capitol attempted coup
, 122–123
Trump’s suspension from Twitter and freedom of speech
, 123–124
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
, 107
Sturgeon, Nicola
, 163
Substantial autonomy
, 177
Substantial immigration
, 132
Sunak, Rishi, xvii
, 34, 96, 98, 99, 169
Superiority, elite power and sense of
, 206–207
Superstructure (in Marxist theory)
, 47
Supreme Court (USA)
, 35, 99
Survival
, 190, 198
Sustainable welfare
, 202
Sweden
, 3, 131, 143, 144
Swiss People’s Party (SVP)
, 134
Symbols (meanings of)
, 112
Syria
, 66, 73, 135, 147
Syriza
, 149–150
Taiwan, xi
, 3, 68, 74–75, 190
Talk Radio
, 48
Tamames Jorge
, 151
Tax Havens
, 117
Taylor, Charles
, 145
Tea Party movement
, 31, 114
Technological innovation
, 197
Technological revolution
, 38–40
Technology
, 205
Thatcher, Margaret
, 18
Thatcherism
, 168
The American Mind (journal)
, 125
The Clean Energy Company, xvii–xviii
The people (in populism)
, 25–26
The Power Elite (1956)
, 6, 106
Third sector
, 5, 167, 178, 204
Third Way (The)
, 18, 94
Thunberg, Greta
, 193
Tice, Richard
, 163
Tina Fetner
, 114
Tocci, Nathalie
, 3, 70–73
Tometi, Opal
, 111
Totalitarian communism
, 3, 8, 15
Totalitarianism
, 28, 56, 109
Toynbee, Arnold
, 70–72
Trade unions
, 27, 29, 96, 106
Traditional authority, new wealth challenges
, 57–58
Transnational companies
, 11
Transnational corporations
, 62, 63, 85, 142, 143
Transnational levels, community at national and
, 180
Transversal coalition
, 151
Treaty of Maastricht (1992)
, 141
Treaty of Paris (1951)
, 141
Treaty of Rome (1957)
, 141
Trilateral interdependence
, 204
Triumph
, 54
Troika (The)
, 150
Troubled-Asset Relief Program (TARPS)
, 114
Trump, Donald, x–xii, xv, xvi
, 2, 4, 5, 9, 16, 17, 23, 24, 31, 34–36, 41, 43, 44, 46, 55, 57, 63, 65, 75, 77–100, 101–128, 149, 197, 200, 207, 210, 212, 215
attack on capitol attempted coup
, 122–123
divisiveness of
, 124–128
Eatwell and Goodwin’s, and Kaufmann’s Anticosmopolitanism
, 92–96
factors associated with Brexit and election of
, 78–87
frustrations and anxieties behind Brexit and Trump Votes 2016
, 90–92
interpretations of Brexit and Trump’s 2016 Election Win
, 90–96
precursors of
, 113–118
Presidential Election of 2016
, 116–118
storming of capitol by Trump supporters and global impact
, 122–124
suspension from Twitter and freedom of speech
, 123–124
Trumpism
, 17, 115
Truss, Lis
, 34
Trzaskowski, Rafal (Mayor of Warsaw)
, 148
Tsipras, Alexis
, 149
Turkey
, 66, 136, 143
Tusk, Donald
, 146, 148
Twitter
, 42, 43, 123–124
Two Treaties of Civil Government
, 58
Tyldesley, Jordan
, 48
UAE Consensus
, 196
UK Uncut
, 34, 172
Ukraine
conflicts in
, 3
Russia’s War’ in
, 152–155
vote for independence
, 153
war with
, 153
Umbrella Movement
, 24
Uncompleted ‘enlightenment’
, 59–61
United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP)
, 17, 19, 163
United Nations (UN), xiii
, 7, 69, 190
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
, 192
United Nations Refugee Convention
, 98
United Nations Security Council
, 71
United Socialist Soviet Republic (USSR)
, 153
United States of America, xii
, 5, 55–56, 66, 74–75, 85–87
Universal basic income (UBI)
, 5, 178
Universal basic services (UBS)
, 203
Universalism
, 51
Unleadership
, 199
Utilitarianism
, 159
Utopian socialism
, 160
Vance, J. P.
, 126–128
Van Dyke, Nella
, 114
Varoufakis, Yanis
, 116, 150, 215
Veblen, Thorstein
, 39
Venezuela, ix
, 36
Vidal, John
, 195
Visegrad Group (VG)
, 146
Voluntary organizations
, 181
Vote Leave campaign
, 78
Voters vote for authoritarian leaders, ix, x, xii
, 4, 210–213
Voting Rights Act (1965)
, 124
Wake Up-Call, The
, 197–200
Walby, S., xii–xiv
, 216
Wall Street, x
, 32
Wallace, George
, 104–105
Walz, T.
, 126–128
War, xiii, xiv
, 191
Warrens, Donald
, 105
Washington liberal elite
, 31
Wealthier Tea Party participants
, 115
Weber, Max
, 9, 12, 117
Weiwei, Ai
, 67
Welfare state
, 115, 157, 187, 194, 195
West, re-emergence of authoritarianism in
, 3–5
West, World and
, 65–67
West impact on world
, 67–70
Western capitalism
, 40
Western democracies
, 2, 14, 15
Western domination
, 66, 68
Western empires
, 65
Western financial and economic system
, 84
Western powers
, 3, 69, 136
White supremacism
, 6, 104–105
White supremacy
, 91, 104–105
White-Anglo-Saxon-Protestants (WASPs)
, 91
Whittle, Andrea
, 89
Whitty, Chris
, 201
Wilders, Geert
, 131, 143
Williams, Raymond
, 41, 157
Wilson, Woodrow
, 103
Wine, Bobi
, 122
Winlow, Simon
, 56, 79
Wodak, Ruth
, 24
Wokes
, 42
Wokism
, 44
Wole Soyinka
, 122
Wooldridge, Adrian
, 190, 197, 198
Work
, 176
and leisure
, 176
Working class (the)
, 20, 21, 88, 96, 97, 208
thelabour metaphysic
, 96, 107
World Bank (WB)
, 85
World Health Organisation (WHO)
, 200
World Trade Centre (Attack on)
, 137
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
, 85
Wylie, Christopher
, 46
Xenophobia
, 85, 133
Youth (the young)
, 20–21
Zakaria, F., xiv
Zeitgeist
, 102
Ziblatt, Daniel
, 54
Zuccotti Park
, 32, 109, 110
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 The Crisis of Liberal Hegemony and the Authoritarian and Populist Challenges: Terms and Context
- Chapter 2 Populism: An Introduction and the Embedding of Cultural Populism
- Chapter 3 Liberalism and the Authoritarian Revival: The West, the Eastern Bloc, and the Global South
- Chapter 4 Brexit, Immigration and the Rwanda Clash; Trump 2016 to 2024: The Nationalist Turn
- Chapter 5 Populism, Progressivism and Social Movements in the United States: Sanders, Trump, Biden, and Harris
- Chapter 6 Europe: Empire and Immigration: The Rightwards Shift. Russia Invades Ukraine
- Chapter 7 Populism, Social Movements and Democratic Equality in Britain
- Chapter 8 Radical Democracy: The Way Forward
- Chapter 9 The Social and Political Implications of Planetary Crisis and COVID-19
- Chapter 10 Questioning Democracy: Past and Present, Why Do Some Choose Authoritarians? An Overview
- References
- Index