Index

Digitisation, AI and Algorithms in African Journalism and Media Contexts

ISBN: 978-1-80455-136-3, eISBN: 978-1-80455-135-6

Publication date: 14 December 2023

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2023), "Index", Dralega, C.A. (Ed.) Digitisation, AI and Algorithms in African Journalism and Media Contexts, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-135-620231013

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2024 Carol Azungi Dralega. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Accountability reporting
, 129–130

Account set-up time
, 120

Activity rates of accounts
, 119

Advice for civil organization
, 51

Advice for individual journalists
, 51

Africa Check
, 4, 6, 10, 12–14, 56

African Centre for Media Excellence (ACME)
, 62–63

African Renewable Energy Distributor (ARED)
, 147

African Union (AU)
, 91

Agence France-Press (AFP)
, 61–62

AI-led transformations
, 20–21

Algorithmic-Turn in Journalism Practice, Eastern Africa
, 34

Apple Music
, 28

Artificial Intelligence (AI)
, 21

automated fact-checking. See Automated fact-checking

community media
, 28–31

conceptual framework
, 23–24

conceptualisation of
, 25–26

Dystopia
, 22–23

field of journalism
, 21–22

journalists perceptions on
, 28–31

methodological considerations
, 24–25

Newsroom Production Practices
, 27

technological acceptance and appropriation
, 23–24

tools and affordances
, 28

usable insights
, 31–32

Utopia
, 21–22

Associated Press (AP)
, 34

Audio editing
, 28

Audio-to-text conversion systems
, 8–9

Augmented reality (AR)
, 34

Automated fact-checking

automated journalism
, 12–14

bot training process
, 8

claim detection
, 8–9

claim matching
, 9–11

conceptual frames
, 4–5

infodemic challenges
, 7–12

methodology
, 5–6

newsroom, practices, processes and new dynamics in
, 12–14

results
, 7–15

robot-checking
, 11–12

verification routines
, 7–12

Automated journalism
, 12–14

Biopsychosocial Model
, 74

BOSCO Uganda Tech
, 148, 151–152

Bot training process
, 8

BRCK
, 147

ChatGPT
, 49

Chat.openai.com (ChatGPT)
, 43

Chequeado
, 4

Claim detection
, 8–9

Claim matching
, 9–11

Community

broadcasting
, 19–20

media
, 19, 28, 31

Conceptual frames
, 4–5

Connexun
, 28

Corruption
, 126–127

COVID-19 pandemic
, 34, 61–62, 70, 156

Critical data literacies
, 158–160

Critical discourse analysis (CDA)
, 75–76

Crowd Tangle
, 49

Data-driven journalism, Nigeria

challenges of
, 134–135

developing nations
, 134–135

development
, 128–131

good governance
, 136–138

governance
, 128–131

historical overview
, 127–128

information gathering techniques
, 133–134

investigative reporting
, 131–132

public good
, 131–132

strengthening
, 136–138

Datafication
, 126–127

challenges
, 156–157

critical data literacies
, 158–160

locally bred journalism models
, 157

pedagogical landscape
, 157–158

Decision tables
, 43

Decolonial and cultural imperialism theory
, 37–38

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
, 140

Demographic information
, 38–39

Diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory
, 143–144

Digital accessibility
, 72–73

Disabled people, digital media

Biopsychosocial Model
, 74

call for action
, 83

critical discourse analysis (CDA)
, 75–76

defining
, 77

digital accessibility
, 72–73

dynamics of disability
, 78

helpless and hapless
, 79–80

human rights instruments and policies, alignment with
, 80–81

human rights model
, 74–75

marginalisation
, 71–72

medical model
, 73

methods
, 76–77

models of disability
, 73

nepotism and elitism, allegations of
, 82–83

perception
, 78–79

policy inconsistency/regression
, 81–82

poverty
, 78

Social Disability Model (SDM)
, 73–74

stakeholder engagement
, 80

theoretical framework
, 75

women and children
, 79

Disinformation
, 14–15

Dynamics of disability
, 78

Dystopia
, 22–23

East African Community (EAC)
, 140

Elitism, allegations of
, 82–83

Encyclopaedia Britannica
, 129

European Union (EU)
, 91

Facebook
, 28, 43, 60

advertisement spending
, 118

post engagement rates
, 116–117

presidential candidates’ account posts
, 114

site posts, tone of
, 115

sites
, 114–115

Fact-checking organisations
, 13

Fake news, Uganda

findings
, 58

individual journalists’ approaches
, 58–59

influences model, hierarchy of
, 56–57

literature review
, 55–56

methodology
, 57–58

news organisations strategies
, 60–61

professional standards
, 58–59

standards-based approach
, 61–63

technology-based approach
, 63–64

training and technology
, 59–60

Flow charts
, 43, 49

Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)
, 146

Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)
, 90

Full Fact
, 4

Gabon
, 98

Ghana's 2020 elections, social media
, 97, 105, 107, 109, 111

account set-up time
, 120

activity on
, 120–122

activity rates of accounts
, 119

expenditure
, 123

Facebook advertisement spending
, 118

Facebook post engagement rates
, 116–117

Facebook site posts, tone of
, 115

media posts
, 115–116

messages, topical issues of
, 113–114

political history of
, 108–109

presidential candidate followers
, 114–115

presidential candidates’ Facebook account posts
, 114

research design
, 111–112

support Facebook sites
, 114–115

tone of posts
, 122

Twitter
, 118–119

viability and relevancy of
, 112–113

Global South
, 35

Google
, 4, 43, 59–60

Assistant
, 28

Lens
, 49

Maps
, 59–60

translator
, 43

Governments lagging
, 98–100

Grammarly
, 28, 43

Human rights instruments and policies, alignment with
, 80–81

Human rights model
, 74–75

ICT Development Index (IDI)
, 140

Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA)
, 19

Individual journalists’ approaches
, 58–59

Industry 4.0
, 90

Influences model, hierarchy of
, 56–57

Infodemic challenges
, 7–12

Information and communication technologies (ICT)
, 129

Innovations

users, affordability and accessibility of
, 150–151

users' everyday gratifications from
, 151–152

International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN)
, 6

Internet of things (IoT)
, 21

Investigative journalism
, 127, 129–130

Jam Board
, 49

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
, 150

Jazler Software
, 28

Journalism
, 100–101

education and research
, 51–52

models
, 35

Journalism practice in Eastern Africa, Algorithmic turn in

decolonial and cultural imperialism theory
, 37–38

demographic information
, 38–39

methodology
, 38

newsroom contexts
, 40

political economy
, 37

respondents, academic qualifications of
, 39

social construction of technology
, 37

Kenglish
, 14

Knowledge Hub (kLab)
, 147

Laws, policies and national strategies
, 98–100

Life transformation, East Africa (EA)
, 140

diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory
, 143–144

innovations by users, affordability and accessibility of
, 150–151

innovations, users' everyday gratifications from
, 151–152

literature review
, 141–142

methods and approach
, 145–146

nature of the technologies
, 147–149

review of related literature
, 144–145

socio-technological assemblage theory
, 142–143

technological innovation and indigenisation
, 141–142

theoretical implications of
, 152–153

theoretical perspectives
, 141–142

users, diffusion and adoption of
, 149–150

Locally bred journalism models
, 157

Manual/human monitoring
, 12

Marginalisation
, 71–72

Mauritius
, 95–96

Media posts
, 115–116

Medical model
, 73

Messages, topical issues of
, 113–114

Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs)
, 133–134

Ministry of Information and Communication (MICT)
, 150

Misinformation
, 14–15

Models of disability
, 73

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)
, 133

Nation Media Group (NMG)
, 57–58

Natural language processing (NLP)
, 22, 28, 90

Neglected Watchdog
, 100–101

Nepotism
, 82–83

Newsroom

contexts
, 40

practices, processes and new dynamics in
, 12–14

production practices
, 27

Oligopolistic operators
, 31

Online communications
, 28

Open Government Partnership (OGP)
, 133

Pedagogical landscape
, 157–158

Photoshop
, 59–60, 63–64

Piktochart
, 43, 49

Policy advice
, 51

Policy inconsistency/regression
, 81–82

Political history
, 108–109

Post-colonial perspectives
, 50

Poverty
, 78, 126–127

Premium Times Centre for Investigative Journalism (PTCIJ)
, 128

Presidential candidate followers
, 114–115

Privacy/data protection, Africa's orientation towards
, 101

Professional standards
, 58–59

Pseudocodes
, 43, 49

Qualitative interviews
, 5

Qualitative semi-structured interviews
, 57–58

Radio KC
, 28

Relevancy
, 112–113

Research design
, 111–112

Robot-checking
, 11–12

Self-interests
, 143

Semi-Structured Interviews (SSI)
, 25

Short Messaging Service (SMS)
, 142

Social construction of technology
, 37

Social Disability Model (SDM)
, 73–74

Social media
, 14–15, 20, 47, 105, 107, 109, 111, 129, 145, 149, 152

account set-up time
, 120

activity on
, 120–122

activity rates of accounts
, 119

expenditure
, 123

Facebook advertisement spending
, 118

Facebook post engagement rates
, 116–117

facebook site posts, tone of
, 115

media posts
, 115–116

messages, topical issues of
, 113–114

political history of
, 108–109

presidential candidate followers
, 114–115

presidential candidates’ Facebook account posts
, 114

research design
, 111–112

support Facebook sites
, 114–115

tone of posts
, 122

Twitter
, 118–119

viability and relevancy of
, 112–113

Socio-technological assemblage theory
, 142–143, 145

South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
, 19

Spinbot
, 28

Spotify
, 28

Stakeholder engagement
, 80

Stand-alone data journalism outfit
, 128

Standards-based approach
, 61–63

Sub-Saharan Africa, journalism practice in

African Union (AU)
, 91

analysis and discussion of findings
, 98

European Union (EU)
, 91

Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)
, 90

Gabon
, 98

Ghana
, 97

governments lagging
, 98–100

Industry 4.0
, 90

journalism
, 100–101

laws, policies and national strategies
, 98–100

literature review
, 91–92

Mauritius
, 95–96

methodology
, 94–95

Natural language processing (NLP)
, 90

Neglected Watchdog
, 100–101

privacy/data protection, Africa's orientation towards
, 101

research questions
, 91

South Africa
, 96–97

technological determinism
, 93–94

theoretical framework
, 93–94

SupaBRCK
, 147

Support facebook sites
, 114–115

Tech Hubs
, 143

Technological acceptance model (TAM)
, 23–24

Technology

appropriation
, 24

determinism
, 93–94

indigenisation
, 141–142

innovations
, 141–142, 159

Technology-based approach
, 63–64

TinEye
, 59–60

Tone of posts
, 122

Tweet Deck
, 49

Twitter
, 13, 28, 60, 118–119

UCR Radio
, 25–26

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
, 130

United State Agency for International Development (USAID)
, 130

Users, diffusion and adoption of
, 149–150

Utopia
, 21–22

Valley FM
, 27

Verification routines
, 7–12

Viability
, 112–113

Video editing
, 43

Vision Group
, 57–58

Volunteer-driven open data platform
, 134

Watchdog reporting
, 129–130

WhatsApp
, 14, 43, 109

Winch Hub
, 148

Women and children
, 79

World Economic Forum (WEF)
, 140

YouTube
, 63–64, 72, 90, 111