Academic articles

, 27

Academic databases

, 24

‘Active communicators’ of sustainability

, 88–89

Advertising, environmental claims in

, 16–20

Advertising Standards Authority

, 89

Alternative Livelihood projects

, 82

‘Aspirational talk’

, 45, 61–62

Association of Business Schools (ABS)

, 27

Attention deflection

, 41–43

Attitude-context-behaviour (ABC)

, 37, 64

Attribution theory

, 37, 51, 54

‘Authoritative’ texts

, 61–62

Average global citations received per paper (AGC)

, 26–27

Behaviour

, 9

Behavioural norms

, 3

Bibliometric information

, 25–26

Bluewashing

, 18

Business and Management field

, 27

Business research

, 1–2

Business Strategy and the Environment (BSE)

, 26–27

Business supra-systems

, 102, 104–105

Business system

, 102

California Air Resources Board (CARB)

, 65–66

Case studies

, 39–40

#Plasticmonster and Nestlé

, 71–79

GAR and DJSI, greenwashing in sustainability indices

, 80–85

managerial principles and guidelines for sustainability communication

, 85–93

Volkswagen Dieselgate

, 65–71

Categorisation

based on methodology, unit of analysis, type of data and tools/research methods

, 38–40

based on theoretical underpinnings and level of analysis

, 37

of publications based on geographical affiliation of first authors

, 29

of trending articles in greenwashing research

, 30–37

Clarity

, 75

Clean Air Act

, 66

Clear communication strategy

, 89

Cognitive contexts

, 54

Cognitive-affective theories

, 37, 64

‘Cognitive’ legitimacy

, 48–49

Communication

constitution of organisations

, 37

role in sustainability-oriented organisations

, 98, 100

strategy

, 86

Communicative constitution of organisations (CCO)

, 37, 60–61, 63

Communicator

, 90

Company-controlled communication messages

, 90

Completeness

, 76

Conceptualisation

, 48

Constructivist approach

, 37, 45

Consumer green trust

, 38–39

Consumer Protection Cooperation Network (CPC)

, 96

‘Consumer-perceived greenwashing’

, 52

‘Consumers’ perception of sustainability ratings

, 52

Content analysis

, 39, 51, 67

Conventional perspective of environmental resources

, 5

Coronavirus pandemic

, 106

Corporate environmentalism

phases of

, 4–6

and rise of greenwashing

, 4–10

theories

, 37

Corporate neo-colonialism

, 6

Corporate social irresponsibility

, 52

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

, 10, 14, 70, 80

communication

, 48

communication

, 61–62

communication signals

, 57

environmental claims in advertising to CSR communication

, 16–20

initiatives

, 54–55

operative communication for CSR

, 92

and reporting

, 97

rhetorical approaches

, 48–49

signaling theory in

, 56–57

strategic discourse on

, 49–50

strategic management to Media Mix for

, 90–93

Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management (CSR-EM)

, 26–27

Corporate sustainability (CS)

, 10–14

indices

, 80

‘Cosmetic’ communication

, 2–3

Credibility

, 76

Crude palm oil (CPO)

, 80–81

Deceptive communication in organisations and greenwashing

, 16–20

Deceptive labeling

, 44–45

Deceptive manipulation

, 45

Deceptive strategic silence

, 95–98

Decoupling

, 43–44, 55

Defensive tactics

, 59–60

‘Dialogic rhetoric’

, 49–50

Dialogical communication strategies

, 62–63

‘Diesel dupe’

, 65

Dieselgate scandal

, 1, 10

Dispositional motives. See Intrinsic motives

Dominant institutions

, 4–5

‘Double materiality perspectives’

, 14–15

Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI)

, 80–81

Earned media

, 92

Eco-labels

, 44–45

Ecological disasters

, 2–3

Ecology movement

, 3

Economic responsibility

, 11

Economics of information theory (EOI theory)

, 37

Ecopornography

, 1–2

Effective stakeholder engagement

, 90–91

Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)

, 37, 64

‘Empty green claims and policies’

, 43

Environmental, social, and corporate governance activities (ESG activities)

, 13

Environmental ‘rights’

, 2–3

Environmental awareness

, 1–4

Environmental champions

, 18

Environmental claims in advertising

, 16–20

Environmental disclosure

, 50

Environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs)

, 2–3

Environmental product declaration (EPD)

, 45

Environmental science journals

, 27

Environmental sustainability

, 68

Environmentalism as social responsibility

, 4

Ethical behaviour in organisations

, 1–4

Ethical responsibility

, 11

European Commission

, 96

European Super League project

, 1

Extrinsic motives

, 52

Exxon Valdez oil spill (1989)

, 3

‘Fake’ third-party endorsement

, 44–45

‘False advertising’

, 17

False assumptions

, 101

Femvertising

, 18

Fibbing

, 17–18

Firm-level perspective of greenwashing

, 101–106

Fossil fuel producers

, 96

Frames

, 42

Friends of the Earth (FoE)

, 81

FTSE4Good Index

, 80

‘Fuzzy’

, 51

Gender equality issues

, 18

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

, 14

Golden Agri-Resources (GAR)

, 80–81

background to case

, 80–82

case analysis

, 82–85

GAR AND DJSI

, 80–85

Google Scholar

, 24–25

‘Green card’

, 7

‘Green consumers’

, 53–54

‘Green movement’

, 1–2

Green skepticism

, 38–39

‘Green’ communication

, 21–22

Greenhouse effect

, 3

‘Greenhushing’

, 97

Greenpeace campaign

, 81, 97–98

Greenwashing

, 8–9, 106

allegations

, 88

attention deflection

, 41–43

avoiding greenwashing trap

, 90–93

categorisation of trending articles in greenwashing research

, 30–31, 36–37

communication role in sustainability-oriented organisations

, 98, 100

companies

, 96

corporate environmentalism and rise of

, 4–10

CSR and CS

, 10–14

deceptive communication in organisations and

, 16–20

deceptive labeling

, 44–45

deceptive manipulation

, 45

decoupling

, 43–44

ethical behaviour in organisations

, 1–4

beyond firm-level perspective of

, 101–106

future of

, 95–98

against GAR

, 81–82

leading journals in greenwashing research

, 27

mandatory vs. voluntary environmental disclosures

, 14–16

rise of

, 7–10

selective disclosure

, 40–41

in sustainability indices

, 80–85

theoretical approaches in

, 47

types of

, 40–45

‘Grey literature’

, 24

Guidelines for sustainability communication

, 85–93

‘Halo effect’

, 41–42

Hidden trade-off

, 17–18

Impression management

, 37, 59–60

Individual-level factors

, 54

Industrial environmentalism

, 4

Information strategy

, 62–63

Institutional mechanisms

, 55

Institutional theory

, 4, 37, 54, 56

Intentional greenwashing phenomena

, 85–86

International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)

, 65–66

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

, 45

International solidarity

, 2–3

Intra-organisational coordination

, 89

Intra-organisational ethical issues

, 1

Intrinsic motives

, 52

Involvement strategy

, 62–63

Irrelevance

, 17–18, 76

Issue framing

, 42

Journal of Business and Technical Communication (JBTC)

, 26–27

Journal of Business Ethics (JBE)

, 26–27

Journal of Business Research (JBR)

, 26–27

Journal of Cleaner Production (JCP)

, 26–27

Journal of Sustainable Tourism (JST)

, 26–27

Journal ofAdvertising (JA)

, 26–27

Journal-based categorisation of papers

, 26–27

Knowledge of stakeholders

, 98

Legal responsibility

, 11

Legitimacy theory

, 37, 47, 51

Managerial principles for sustainability communication

, 85–93

Mandatory environmental disclosures

, 14–16

Market external factors

, 54

Means-end decoupling greenwashing

, 43–44

Methods used in greenwashing research

, 38–40

‘Moral’ legitimacy

, 48–49

MSCI KLD 400 Social Index

, 80

Natural language processing (NLP)

, 67

Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV)

, 5

(neo)institutional theory

, 37

Nestlé

, 71–79

background to case

, 72–74

case analysis

, 75–79

Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

, 65–66

Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD)

, 14–15

Non-profit organisations

, 4–5

Nooj (linguistics software)

, 67

NooJgraphs

, 67

Normative contexts

, 54

Normative institutions

, 4

Occupational health and safety (OHS)

, 83–84

Operative communication for CSR

, 91–92

Organisational factors

, 54

Organisations

communicative constitution of

, 60–63

deceptive communication in

, 16–20

ethical behaviour in

, 1–4

‘Organised hypocrisy’

, 18

Organised listening activity

, 86, 88

Owned media

, 91–92

Packaging

, 72

Paid media

, 92

Paris agreement

, 73

Persuasion knowledge model (PKM)

, 37

Philanthropic responsibility

, 11–12

Pinkwashing

, 18

Planet, People and Profit model (3P model)

, 12

Plastic packaging

, 72

Plastic waste

, 73

#Plasticmonster

, 71–79

background to case

, 72–74

case analysis

, 75–79

Policy makers

, 106

Policy-practice decoupling

, 55

greenwashing

, 43–44

‘Political turn’ in CSR

, 49–50

Pollution prevention

, 5

‘Pooling’

, 43

‘Pragmatic’ legitimacy

, 48–49

Proactive environmental management strategies

, 3

Proactive strategies

, 59

Process attribute view

, 17

Product stewardship

, 5

Publications based on geographical affiliation, categorisation of

, 29

Qualitative analysis

, 67

Qualitative content analysis

, 50–51

Quantitative analysis

, 67

Reflective communication

, 86

Regulatory contexts

, 54

Regulatory environmentalism

, 4–5

Reliability

, 76

Research gaps

, 40–45

Resource-Based View (RBV)

, 5

Response strategy

, 62

Santa Barbara Oil Spill disasters

, 2–3

‘Save our Planet’

, 7

‘Schemata of interpretation’

, 42

Scopus database

, 24–25

‘Sector greenwashing’

, 104–105

Sector-wide structuration dynamics

, 49–50

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

, 14–15

Selective disclosure mechanisms

, 40–41, 90

Self-centred communication strategies

, 62–63

Self-regulation industry schemes

, 103–104

Sense-making

, 37

Signaling theory

, 37, 56, 59

Silent Spring

, 4–5

Situational motives. See Extrinsic motives

Social disclosure

, 50

Social media

, 93

Social responsibility

, 11

Social semiotics

, 37

‘Socio-humanistic responsibility’

, 1–2

Spill over effect

, 53

Stakeholder

, 80, 95

engagement

, 98–99

knowledge of

, 98

theory

, 37

Statistical/mathematical models

, 39

Stimulus-organism-response (SOR)

, 37

Strategic management to Media Mix for CSR Communication

, 90–93

Sub-systems

, 102

Supra-systems

, 102

Sustainability (SUS)

, 12, 26–27

discourses

, 18

greenwashing in sustainability indices

, 80–85

orientation

, 99

sensegiving

, 98–99

sensemaking

, 98–99

Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)

, 14

Sustainability communication

avoiding greenwashing trap

, 90–93

management

, 99

management and triggers of greenwashing

, 87

managerial principles and guidelines for

, 85–93

Sustainability-oriented organisations, communication role in

, 98, 100

Sustainable Brand Index^TM

, 19

Sustainable development

, 5

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 106

‘Sustainable fashion’

, 104–105

Sustainable superiority

, 103

‘Symbolic management’ actions in CSR

, 43

Systematic literature review

, 22

analysis and results

, 26–40

categorisation based on methodology, unit of analysis, type of data and tools/research methods

, 38–40

categorisation based on theoretical underpinnings and level of analysis

, 37

categorisation of publications based on the geographical affiliation of first authors

, 29

categorisation of trending articles in greenwashing research

, 30–31, 36–37

of greenwashing

, 103

journal-based categorisation of papers

, 26–27

research design

, 23–26

research objective

, 22–23

search strategy

, 25

types of greenwashing

, 40–45

year-based categorisation of papers

, 28

‘Systemic visionary strategy’

, 99

Theoretical approaches

attribution theory

, 51–54

communicative constitution of organisations

, 60–63

in greenwashing research

, 37–38, 47

impression management

, 59–60

institutional theory

, 54–56

legitimacy theory

, 47–51

other theoretical approaches

, 63–64

signaling theory

, 56–59

Total articles published (TAP)

, 26–27

Traceability to the Plantation (TTP)

, 82

Trade-offs

, 76, 78–79

Trending articles categorisation in greenwashing research

, 30–31, 36–37

Type I eco-labels

, 45

Type II eco-labels

, 45

Type III eco-labels

, 45

U. S. Department of Justice

, 66

Union Carbide incident (1984)

, 3

Unit of analysis

, 38–40

United Nations Conference on the Human Environment

, 2–3

United Nations Environment Program

, 2–3

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

, 2–3, 17–18, 65–66

Vagueness

, 17–18, 75–76

‘Vicarious greenwashing’

, 53, 80

Volkswagen Dieselgate

, 45, 65, 71

background to case

, 65–66

case analysis

, 66–71

impact of concept of ‘fraud’ in US Newspapers headlines

, 70

environmental sustainability

, 68

Volkswagen’s claims in environmental sustainability leadership

, 69

Voluntary environmental disclosures

, 14–16

Word-of-mouth (WOM)

, 64

Worshipping of false labels

, 17–18, 77

Year-based categorisation of papers

, 28

‘Zero guilt’

, 89