Index

Clean Language Interviewing

ISBN: 978-1-80117-331-5, eISBN: 978-1-80117-330-8

Publication date: 20 July 2022

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2022), "Index", Cairns-Lee, H., Lawley, J. and Tosey, P. (Ed.) Clean Language Interviewing, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-330-820221020

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2022 Heather Cairns-Lee, James Lawley and Paul Tosey. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Acquiescence effect
, 19

Action research
, 6, 11, 13, 14, 155–166, 168, 176

Adaptation (of CLI)
, 11, 224, 233

Adjacency
, 145, 150–151

Anthropology
, 118

Applicant attribution-reaction theory (AART)
, 103, 110

Assumption(s)
, 6, 8, 18, 19, 31, 34, 38–40, 73, 76, 77, 81, 82, 98, 110, 140, 145, 149, 159, 163, 199, 215, 223, 227, 228, 230

hidden
, 38, 39

interviewer’s/researcher’s
, 4, 7, 9, 11, 27, 28, 36, 39, 56, 72, 78, 81–85, 151, 152, 215, 222, 223, 228

Attention

interviewee’s
, 7, 18, 35, 49, 51, 77, 80, 81, 84–86, 133, 136, 139, 150, 151, 164, 211, 214, 226, 229, 232

interviewer’s
, 18, 19, 23, 35, 78, 98, 136, 139, 160, 222, 226

Attributes (category of classically clean questions)
, 9, 53, 223

Auditing processes
, 180–182

Authenticity
, 10, 18, 19, 63, 77, 193

of data
, 18

of research
, 18

Authority (of the interviewer)
, 19, 164

Authorship of data
, 17–18, 20, 22, 23, 26–28, 50, 211, 231

Autism
, 102, 105, 119

Autogenic metaphor
, 35, 46

Backtracking
, 54, 55, 93, 160, 164

Behavioural change
, 156, 163

Behavioural groups
, 193, 194, 200

Behavioural models
, 5

Benefits of CLI
, 8, 99, 188, 189, 214, 229–233

Bias(es)
, 12, 19, 33, 103, 104, 107, 111, 198, 201, 202, 210, 231

in assessment protocols
, 103

cognitive
, 38

on data
, 7, 38

implicit
, 103, 104, 109, 111

interviewer
, 7, 56

in questions
, 135

Blending
, 32

Body map
, 122–126, 128, 129, 228

Bracketing
, 8, 18, 28, 145, 149, 207, 222, 228

‘bracket’ assumptions
, 18, 28, 145, 149, 207

Business culture
, 180

Business processes
, 184

Capable model
, 127, 128

Cause and risk analysis
, 180, 181

Cause evaluation
, 206

Chronic disease
, 121

Classically clean questions
, 8, 9, 23, 26, 52, 72, 82, 83, 126, 134, 146, 149, 195, 211, 212, 215, 223, 226, 228, 230

Clean analysis
, 72–73

Clean language (origins of)
, 4–5

Clean language interviewing (CLI)

benefits
, 8, 99, 188, 189, 214, 229–233

challenge of cleanly introducing pre-determined interview topic
, 71–72

challenges for CLI interviewer
, 70

contextualisation
, 224–226

deciding salience
, 151

directions for future research
, 233

eliciting metaphor with
, 77–78, 83–85, 233

ethical practice and
, 11–13

ethics of using clean language for research
, 69–70

guiding frameworks
, 222–226

hidden skills of
, 145–151

interviewee’s experience of
, 35, 47, 85, 92–95, 193

interviewer’s experience of
, 95–97, 193

interview improvements using
, 214

learning about using clean language for interviewing
, 68–73

levels of application
, 73

limitations for interviewee
, 229

limitations for interviewer
, 229–230

as modelling
, 11, 13, 45–57, 73, 131–140, 166, 224, 233

with neurodiverse groups
, 111–112

observations on clean language interviewing process
, 80–82

in serious injury or fatality investigations
, 14, 206, 207, 210–211, 215

themes arising from Part II
, 13, 104, 110, 226–229

visual imagery in
, 227–228

Clean language questions
, 8–10, 27, 35, 38–40, 46, 49–52, 55, 72, 76, 78, 81, 84, 126, 136, 144, 157, 164, 168–170, 172, 173, 175, 176, 182, 185, 186, 188, 189, 194, 197, 207, 211–212, 214, 215, 222–223, 226–230

translating
, 228–229

Cleanness rating
, 13, 22–28, 39, 71, 76, 82–84, 86, 106, 223–224, 230, 232, 233

applied to interview transcript
, 24–26

Clean repeat/recap
, 23, 26, 51, 82–84, 134

Closed question(s)
, 9, 19, 206

Coding data
, 39, 82, 83, 147–153, 212

Coding-in-the-moment
, 14, 143–153

Cognitive linguistics
, 31, 32, 34, 50

Cognitive load (on interviewee)
, 49, 51, 148, 151, 153, 231

Coherent research strategy based on clean principles
, 10, 86, 224

Compassion
, 122–124, 128

Confirmability
, 18, 19

Conflict resolution
, 4, 168–170, 175

Constructivist
, 38

Content-free codes
, 147–149, 152, 153

Contextualisation (of CLI)
, 224–226

Contextually clean (question)
, 23, 24, 36, 52, 54, 72, 78, 82, 83, 105, 106, 134, 145, 170, 195, 198, 199, 202, 211, 212, 215, 230

Delivery (of clean questions)
, 150

Design (phase of research)
, 18, 27, 65, 127, 144, 150, 194

Desired outcome
, 109, 147, 148, 157–159, 163, 165, 169, 170, 172, 183

Direct(ing) attention
, 4, 8, 19, 23, 84, 86, 133, 136, 176

Disability
, 102, 109, 110

invisible
, 102

Diversity and inclusion
, 103, 104, 111

Dravet syndrome
, 119–121, 128

Drawing(s)
, 19, 22, 27, 64, 69, 75–86, 107, 162, 175, 185, 227, 228, 231

Eliciting attributes
, 199–200

Eliciting metaphor
, 35, 77––80, 83–85, 86, 198, 233

Eliciting values
, 198

Embodied cognition
, 5

Embodied metaphor
, 32, 34

Emotions, accessing
, 36

Entailments
, 21, 33

Epistemology, epistemological
, 6, 27, 38, 84

Epoché
, 8, 18, 224, 231

Ethics of/ethical standards for interviewing
, 64, 229

Evaluation (feature of leading questions)
, 19

Exemplar
, 46, 47, 51, 109, 133, 140

Explicitation
, 46

Explicit description
, 48, 49

Fatality interviews/investigations
, 207, 208, 210–211

Focus group(s)
, 105–108, 110, 111, 127, 180, 192, 194, 195, 202, 226

Follow-up interviews
, 64–66, 68–70

Frame (set by a question)
, 19

Framing

linguistic
, 33

metaphorical
, 32–35

Grounded theory
, 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 152, 153

Groupthink
, 156, 158, 159, 163–165

Grove, David
, 4, 5, 8, 34, 46, 82, 146, 149, 161, 171, 223

Images, imagery
, 35, 80–82, 84, 85, 95, 146, 156, 158, 161, 166, 192, 194, 198, 226–228

Implicit bias
, 103, 104, 109, 111

Implicit relationships
, 48, 49

Inclusion
, 103, 104, 111

In-depth interview(s)
, 11, 12, 194

Inference
, 51, 72, 145, 147–150

Influence

interviewer’s
, 7, 8, 18, 27, 28, 163, 166, 202

of metaphor
, 5, 32–34, 38–40, 146

Inner world (of interviewee)
, 7, 12, 63–64, 81, 84, 85, 222, 229, 231

Interpretation
, 5, 39, 72, 73, 78, 108, 109, 124, 135, 139, 146, 148–150, 160, 177, 209, 210, 212, 214, 215, 230

Interpreter
, 170–173, 177, 229

Intervention (by interviewer)
, 17, 19, 22, 26, 27, 79–83

Interviewee’s experience (of CLI)
, 35, 47, 85, 92–95, 193

Interviewer-interviewee relationship/partnership
, 21, 34, 35, 81, 93, 99, 210

Interviewer’s experience (of CLI)
, 95–97, 193

Interviewing methods
, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 208

Interview, protocol(s)
, 22, 27, 33, 230

pick-list
, 208–209, 211–212

Introduced content
, 19, 20, 22–24

Introspection
, 36, 38, 49, 51, 55, 229

guided/guiding
, 7, 48

ISO 9000
, 179, 180

Journalistic interviews/interviewing
, 90, 94, 95, 98, 99

Laddering
, 193, 198, 199

Leadership development
, 76–78, 224

Leading question(s)
, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17–28, 34, 39, 56, 75, 82, 84, 187, 207–212, 214, 215, 224, 228

mildly leading
, 23, 26, 82, 83, 105, 106, 138, 212–214

strongly leading
, 23–27, 34, 39, 82, 83, 224

Levels of CLI
, 9–11, 224, 230

Lifeworld (interviewee’s)
, 10, 11, 13, 18, 23, 27, 80, 223

Limitations of CLI
, 72, 229–233

Location (category of classically clean questions)
, 9, 171

Logic (of interviewee’s data, metaphors)
, 23, 24, 36, 72, 160, 222, 223

Logically clean question
, 23

Logical presupposition
, 21, 25, 56

Management systems auditing (MSA)
, 179–189

Market research
, 4, 14, 35, 191–202, 228

Means-End Theory
, 193, 194

Mental model(s)
, 7, 46–48, 51, 75–86, 136, 140, 145, 160, 227, 231

Metaphor(s)

category of classically clean questions
, 9

continua of characteristics
, 37

deliberate-spontaneous
, 40

descriptive-transformative
, 40

embodied
, 32, 34

force
, 50

of space, spatial
, 35, 50, 81, 85, 149

stable-variable
, 40

theories of
, 5, 13, 31, 39

visual
, 13, 79, 193, 198, 201

Metaphor elicitation
, 10, 13, 31, 35, 63, 73, 77––80, 83–85, 132, 191, 196, 198, 233

Metaphor landscape
, 46, 66, 69

Metaphorical framing (effect)
, 32–35

Metaphoric structuring
, 50

Methodological transparency
, 28

Micro-phenomenology
, 46

Model
, 10, 14, 34, 36, 46–48, 50–52, 55, 127–129, 132–134, 136, 137, 139, 140, 145–150, 157, 160, 161, 163, 164, 175, 182, 183, 186, 200, 215, 233

Modelling

excellence
, 131–140

as a methodology
, 46, 56, 183, 188

phases of
, 127, 128

real-time
, 48–51, 231, 233

symbolic
, 45, 46, 50–51, 57, 132, 182

systemic
, 132, 143, 164

Modelling shared reality (MSR)
, 156–158, 164–166

Narrative
, 47, 57, 90, 97, 102, 128, 137, 158, 208, 210, 211, 214

Neurodifferent, neurodivergent, neurodiverse (ND)
, 13, 14, 102–105, 107–112, 132

Neurominority
, 102, 105

Neurotypical (NT)
, 102–105, 107, 109–112

Neutrality (in conflict through CLI)
, 167–177

Nondirective method (Rogerian)
, 4, 11, 12, 91

Ontological collapse
, 121–122, 128

Open question(s)
, 9, 19, 26, 71, 93, 98, 106, 121, 124, 134, 152, 187, 206

Organisational change
, 156, 165, 166, 202, 226

Pace (of question delivery)
, 70, 94, 98, 99, 160

Paraphrasing
, 4, 26, 72, 78, 83, 84, 149

Parcelling out (a sentence)
, 145, 146, 152

Participatory action research
, 168, 176

Perceptual reality/experience (interviewee’s)
, 7, 12, 34

Performance improvement
, 132

Phenomenology/phenomenological research
, 7, 8, 17, 18, 22, 63, 224

Pictures
, 35, 135, 136, 156, 180, 196, 198, 202, 231

Power balance/relations (in the interview)
, 12, 93, 94

Presupposition
, 19–25, 28, 33, 34, 36, 71, 107, 209

logical
, 25

structural
, 21, 56

Psychological safety
, 133

Psychometrics
, 76, 103–105, 107–112

Psychotherapy
, 4–6, 11, 46, 64, 69, 70, 72, 121

Qualitative

interview
, 10, 33, 48

phases of research
, 34, 38–40

research
, 6, 18, 19, 21, 27, 31–40, 48, 153, 193

Quality assurance
, 179, 182

Question-Behaviour Effect (QBE)
, 202

Questioning technique (CLI as a)
, 10, 13, 70, 73, 222, 224, 230

Questionnaire
, 104, 107

Questions

classically clean
, 8, 9, 23, 26, 52, 72, 82, 83, 134, 146, 149, 195, 211, 212, 215, 223, 226, 228, 230

clean
, 8–10, 27, 35, 38–40, 46, 49–52, 55, 72, 76, 78, 81, 84, 126, 136, 144, 157, 164, 168–170, 172, 173, 175, 176, 182, 185, 186, 188, 189, 194, 197, 207, 211–212, 214, 215, 222–223, 226–230

closed
, 9, 19, 206

contextually clean
, 23, 24, 36, 52, 54, 72, 78, 82, 83, 105, 106, 134, 145, 170, 195, 198, 199, 202, 211, 212, 215, 230

leading
, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17–28, 34, 39, 56, 82, 84, 187, 207–212, 214, 215, 224, 228

logically clean
, 23

mildly leading
, 23, 26, 82, 83, 105, 106, 138, 212–214

open
, 9, 19, 26, 71, 93, 98, 106, 121, 124, 134, 152, 187, 206

strongly leading
, 23–27, 34, 39, 82, 83, 224

topically clean
, 23

Rapport
, 7, 46, 90, 97, 98, 104, 150, 186, 201, 207, 211, 232

Recruitment (and selection)
, 103

Reflection(s)
, 13, 26, 38, 39, 54, 65, 71, 84, 85, 90, 91, 111, 143, 144, 153, 165, 222, 223, 227, 230

Reflexivity (category of classically clean questions)
, 9

Reflexivity (researcher)
, 27, 28, 38, 86

Relationship (category of classically clean questions)
, 9

Research interviewing
, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 35, 39, 48, 50, 56, 64, 69, 70, 72, 73, 192, 224, 229

Root cause analysis (RCA)
, 14, 206–210, 214, 215

Safety (of interviewee)
, 206, 211, 215

Scaling
, 68

Schema
, 19, 51, 146, 149, 152, 161

Self-model(ling)
, 46, 51, 53, 56, 139, 231

Semantic primes
, 8, 49, 223

Semi-structured interviews
, 10, 39, 159, 207, 230

Sensitive issues (interviewing about)
, 12

Sequence (category of classically clean questions)
, 9, 49

Serious injury/fatality investigations
, 14, 206–208, 210–215

Set-up
, 64, 157–159, 173

Situational judgement test (SIT)
, 103

Social learning theory (Albert Bandura)
, 45

Socially constructed norms
, 13, 111

Source (category of classically clean questions)
, 9

Structural mapping
, 31

Suggestibility
, 19, 211

Survey
, 104–107, 223

Symbolic landscape
, 125

Symbolic modelling
, 45, 46, 50–51, 57, 132, 182

Syntax (of clean questions)
, 20, 25, 49, 81, 165

Systemic modelling
, 132, 143, 164

Tacit knowledge
, 37, 48, 49, 55, 56, 77, 193, 199, 227, 231

Talent assessment tool
, 103–104

Test design
, 107, 111

Theories of research interviewing
, 7, 8

Tone of voice, curiosity
, 214

Training (in CLI)
, 38, 95, 183, 189, 206, 207, 209, 211–215, 230

Training (of interviewers)
, 38, 207, 211–214

Transcribing
, 39, 65, 78, 134, 147, 194, 207

Translation (of CLI questions)
, 126, 188, 228

Trust
, 79, 80, 99, 158, 161, 170–172, 175, 196, 197, 211, 232

Trustworthiness
, 28, 38, 39

Universal constructs
, 23

Value-strings process
, 14, 193–198, 200–202

Visual imagery
, 192, 226–228

Visual metaphors
, 75, 79, 191, 193, 196, 198, 201

Vulnerable (interviewees, groups)
, 6, 12, 13, 34, 64, 208

Witnesses (interviewing)
, 98, 206, 207, 211–214

Work-life balance
, 6, 36, 47, 63–73

Yamagami-Small (YS) process
, 183–186, 188, 189