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Prelims

Gender and Tourism

ISBN: 978-1-80117-323-0, eISBN: 978-1-80117-322-3

Publication date: 13 September 2021

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Citation

(2021), "Prelims", Valeri, M. and Katsoni, V. (Ed.) Gender and Tourism, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xv. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-322-320211017

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2021 Marco Valeri, Vicky Katsoni. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited

Half Title Page

Gender and Tourism

Title Page

Gender and Tourism: Challenges and Entrepreneurial Opportunities

Edited by

Marco Valeri

Niccolò Cusano University, Italy

And

Vicky Katsoni

University of West Attica, Greece

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2021

Editorial matter and selection copyright © 2021 Marco Valeri, Vicky Katsoni

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited

Individual chapters copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters' suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-80117-323-0 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-80117-322-3 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-80117-324-7 (Epub)

List of Figures

Figure 2.1. Female Career Constraints in Tourism
Figure 3.1. Development of Popular Destinations in Recent Years.
Figure 3.2. Cruisers: Reasons to Take a Vacation by Gender.
Figure 3.3. Non-cruisers: Reasons to Take a Vacation by Gender.
Figure 3.4. Length of Last Cruise by Gender.
Figure 6.1. Location of the Case Communities.
Figure 6.2. Sample of Beadwork Produced by the Participants.
Figure 7.1. Distribution of Solo Female Travel Motivations by Themes.
Figure 8.1. Perceived Tourism Impacts in the Community.
Figure 10.1. Secondary Vocational Tourism Education in Greece.
Figure 10.2. EPAL and EPAS MERA: Distribution (by Gender) of Enrollments in Total and in Tourism-related Specializations from 2008/2009 to 2017/2018.
Figure 10.3. EPAS OAED: Distribution (by Gender) of Enrollments in Total and in Tourism-related Specializations from 2008/2009 to 2017/2018.
Figure 10.4. EPAS MT: Distribution (by Gender) of Enrollments in Tourism-related Specializations from 2008/2009 to 2017/2018.
Figure 10.5. Percentage of Female Enrollments in Tourism Specializations in Each School Type of Secondary Vocational Tourism Education from 2008/2009 to 2017/2018.
Figure 14.1. A Structure for Entrepreneurship in Hospitality and Tourism.
Figure 15.1. Women Representation in the Tourism Sector versus Broader Economy.
Figure 15.2. Women's Earnings in Tourism versus Broader Economy.
Figure 15.3. Percentage of Women Equally Paid in the Tourism Industry versus the Broader Economy.
Figure 15.4. International Tourist Arrivals Per World Region (% Change 2018–2019).
Figure 15.5. Female Representation in Certain Working Areas in the European Union (EU).
Figure 15.6. Women in Decision-making Positions.
Figure 15.7. Gender Pay and Pension Gap.
Figure 15.8. Gender Balance in Top Managerial Positions.
Figure 15.9. The European Union (EU) Perception on Gender Engagement.
Figure 15.10. Travel and Tourism's Industry Contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Figure 15.11. Women Employed in the Tourism Sector.
Figure 15.12. Women's Earnings as Percentage of Men's Earnings (Accommodation and Food Services).
Figure 15.13. Women's Earnings as Percentage of Men's Earnings.
Figure 15.14. Greece – Women's Employment Rate in Tourism and Broader Economy.
Figure 15.15. Greece – Earnings in Tourism (% of Average Individual Earnings in the Broader Economy).
Figure 15.16. Greece – Self-employed Women.
Figure 15.17. Greece – Workforce.
Figure 15.18. Greece – Unemployment's Rate.
Figure 15.19. Greece – Female Entrepreneurship.
Figure 15.20. Obstacles of Female Entrepreneurship in Greece.
Figure 15.21. Women-led Companies in Tourism versus Broader Economy – Greece.
Figure 16.1. The Implementation of Triple Bottom Line Approach.

List of Tables

Table 2.1. Evidence-based Tourism Female Career Constraints.
Table 2.2. Differences between Female and Male Tourism Entrepreneurs.
Table 4.1. The Sample Distribution by Country.
Table 4.2. The Sample Distribution Regarding Employment and Hotels.
Table 4.3. Descriptive Statistics.
Table 4.4. Stepwise Regression Analyses: Effects of Demographics and Preferences' Aspects on Customer Satisfaction, Expectations, and Recommendations of the Hotel's Facilities for Males.
Table 4.5. Stepwise Regression Analyses: Effects of Demographics and Preferences' Aspects on Customer Satisfaction, Expectations, and Recommendations of the Hotel's Facilities for Females.
Table 6.1 Research Aims for Past Research Done in Southern Africa.
Table 7.1. Summary of Research on the Motivations of Solo Travellers.
Table 7.2. Motivations of Solo Female Travellers: Distribution by Number of References.
Table 8.1. Summary of Selected Studies on Residents' Attitudes and Support for Tourism.
Table 8.2. The Demographic Features of Female and Male Respondents.
Table 8.3. Residents' Tourism Impacts Perceptions and Level of Support.
Table 8.4. Involvement in Tourism and Statements Regarding the Tourist Numbers and Year-round Tourism.
Table 8.5. Factors Affecting the Support of Females and Males for Tourism Development.
Table 9.1. A Summary of the Study Dimensions.
Table 10.1. Gender Distribution of Students' Enrollments in Greek Secondary Vocational Education.
Table 10.2. Total Number of Students' Enrollments in EPAL MERA – 2008/2018.
Table 10.3. Gender Distribution of Students' Enrollments in the “Tourism Management Assistant” Specialization of EPAL MERA.
Table 10.4. Total Number of Students' Enrollments in EPAS MERA – 2008/2018.
Table 10.5. Gender Distribution of Students' Enrollments in the “Hotel and Food Services” Specialization of EPAS MERA.
Table 10.6. Gender Distribution of Students' Enrollments in the “Agrotourism and Agribusiness” Specialization of EPAS MERA.
Table 10.7. Total Number of Students' Enrollments in EPAS OAED – 2008/2018.
Table 10.8. Gender Distribution of Students' Enrollments in Tourism-related Specializations of EPAS OAED.
Table 10.9. Gender Distribution of Total Students' Enrollments in “Hotel Business” Specialization of EPAS OAED.
Table 10.10. Gender Distribution of Total Students' Enrollments in “Culinary Art” Specialization of EPAS OAED.
Table 10.11. Gender Distribution of Students' Enrollments in “Pastry and Baking” Specialization of EPAS OAED.
Table 10.12. Gender Distribution of Students' Enrollments in “Hotel and Food Services” Specialization of EPAS OAED.
Table 10.13. Total Number of Students' Enrollments in EPAS MT.
Table 10.14. Gender Distribution of Students' Enrollments in “Culinary Art” Specialization of EPAS MT.
Table 10.15. Gender Distribution of Students' Enrollments in “Pastry and Baking” Specialization of EPAS MT.
Table 10.16. Gender Distribution of Students' Enrollments in “Hotel and Food Services” Specialization of EPAS MT.
Table 11.1. Synopsis of the Subject Areas and the Parameters Investigated.
Table 11.2. Demographic Profile of the Respondents.
Table 11.3. Principal Component Analysis of Corporate Climate (CC) Parameters Associated to the Glass Ceiling (GC) Phenomenon.
Table 11.4. Correlations of the Variables of the Factor ‘Barriers to Women's Promotion Perspectives’ with the Demographic Profile of the Participants.
Table 11.5. Correlations of the Variables of the Factor ‘Negative Attitudes towards Women’ with the Demographic Profile of the Participants.
Table 11.6. Correlations of the Variables of the Factor ‘Unequal Treatment of Women in the Workplace’ with the Demographic Profile of the Participants.
Table 14.1. Areas of Entrepreneurial Success.
Table 14.2. SWOT Analysis of Tourism Entrepreneurship Development.
Table 14.3. Potential Economic Sociocultural and Environmental Advantages for Stimulating Entrepreneurship.
Table 15.1. Contribution of Previous Studies.

Author Biographies

Emmanuel O. Adu, PhD, is a Professor and Deputy Dean of Research and Internationalization in SGCE, University of Fort Hare, South Africa.

Eftychia Christina Aivaliotou has an MSc in Management and Business Administration from Hellenic Open University (HOU) and is the Deputy Head of the Department of Tourism Statistics, Ministry of Tourism of Greece.

Jebril A. Alhelalat is Associate Professor of Hospitality Management in Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan.

Vincenzo Asero is a Senior Lecturer in Economics in the Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.

Miriam R. Aziz, PhD, is Assistant Professor at the USEK Business School, Lebanon.

Vorakarn Chalermchaikit is a PhD candidate in Hospitality and Tourism Management at the Graduate School, Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Efthalia (Elia) Chatzigianni is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sport Organization and Management, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece.

Sarah Clifft, DBA, is Assistant Professor at the ESDES Lyon Business School, France.

Saskia de Klerk, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer in the University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia, as well as an Adjunct Associate Professor in the School of Economic Sciences and TREES (Tourism Research in Economics Environs and Society), South Africa.

Panagiota Dionysopoulou is the Director General of Tourism Policy, Ministry of Tourism of Greece, Hellenic Open University (HOU). She is also Adjunct Professor of the School of Social Science in Postgraduate Courses in “Tourism Business Administration MSc.”

Maria Doumi, PhD, is part of the Academic Teaching Staff in the School of Business, University of the Aegean, Greece.

Anthi Gousiou is part of the Department of Business Administration, University of the Aegean, Greece.

Obaida Hasanat is part of the Ministry of Social Development, Jordan.

Evangelia Kasimati, PhD, is an Economist-Researcher in the Bank of Greece, Economic Analysis and Research Department, Athens, Greece, as well as Adjunct Professor in the School of Social Sciences, Postgraduate Course “Tourism Business Administration MSc”, Hellenic Open University, Greece. She is the Head of the Tourism Research Unit in Athens Institute for Education and Research, Athens, Greece.

Vicky Katsoni is an Associate Professor in the Department of Tourism Management, University of West Attica, Greece, and President of International Association of Cultural and Digital Tourism (IACUDIT).

Anna Kourtesopoulou, PhD, is Teaching Staff, Master Program in Sport Management, Department of Sport Organization and Management, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece.

Metin Kozak is Professor of Marketing in the School of Tourism, Dokuz Eylui Univesity, Izmir, Turkey.

Anna Kyriakaki is an Academic Faculty Lab Instructor (PhD) in the University of the Aegean, Greece.

Dimitrios Lagos is Professor of Tourism Economics and Tourist Business Management in the Department of Business Administration, University of the Aegean, Greece.

Maria Lagou is a PhD Student in the University of West Attica, Greece.

Godfrey Makandwa, PhD, is part of the North-West University, South Africa.

Leonidas Maroudas is Professor, University of Patras, Greece.

Yolanda Mpu, PhD, is a Lecturer in SGCE, University of Fort Hare, South Africa.

Panoraia Poulaki, PhD, is an Academic Teaching Staff in the Department of Economics and Management of Tourism, University of Aegean, Greece.

Rudchenko V.N., PhD, is part of the Department of Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

Andrea Saayman, PhD, is a Professor in the School of Economic Sciences and TREES (Tourism Research in Economics Environs and Society), North-West University, South Africa.

Laura Salloum, PhD, is part of the Adjunct Faculty at ESDES Lyon Business School, France.

Daniela Soldić Frleta, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Rijeka, Croatia.

Theodoros Stavrinoudis is Professor of Tourism Management and Human Resources Management, Department of Tourism Economics and Management, University of the Aegean, Chios – Greece.

Ilinka Terziyska is Associate Professor in the Department of Tourism, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Bulgaria.

Anastasios Thomaidis has a PhD in Tourism Law from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Law. He is Special adviser to the Greek Minister of Tourism, and a Lawyer of the Supreme Court of Greece.

Marco Valeri, PhD, is Senior Lecturer in Organizational Behavior in Niccolò Cusano University, Italy. He is also Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Leisure Management at the School of Hospitality, Tourism and Events, Taylor’s University (Malaysia).

Eleni Vlassi, MSc, is part of the University of the Aegean, Greece.

Volkova N.V., PhD, is part of the Department of Management, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.

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