Abuse

, 5

Academia.edu

, 86–87

Adoption

, 145

Adoption Act

, 14–15

Afghani Children and Educational Rights

, 94

Afghani Code of Civil Law

, 93–94

Afghanistan

, 86

child misuse

, 93–94

children exposed to hard work in early years

, 93

literature review

, 86–90

methods and methodology

, 90–93

rationale

, 86–93

recruitment of child soldiers

, 94–95

Afghanistan Child Protection Services (ACP)

, 92

Ages

, 36–37

AKUT Association

, 153

Animal Protection Associations

, 151

Arab Revolt

, 102–103

Arab Uprisings

, 103–104

Art

, 204

educators

, 204

teachers and teacher candidates

, 204

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

, 143

Augmented reality technology (AR technology)

, 197–198

dashboard

, 198

‘Axis Rule in Occupied Europe’

, 78

Baby Boomers

, 22

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

, 221–222

Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)

, 232

Bolsa Familia Programme (BFP)

, 169–170

Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH)

, 170–171

Cambodian Genocide

, 80

Canadian Council of Children and Youth Advocates

, 179

Capitalism

, 4–5

Care

, 142

Carnuntum

, 205–206

Case study approach

, 107–108

CEPAL study

, 168–169

CEVKO (Environmental Protection Foundation)

, 152–153

Child

, 35–36, 125, 134, 150, 159, 210

dimension in Syrian refugee crisis

, 108–111

labourer risks

, 72

misuse

, 93–94

pornography

, 8

poverty

, 12, 134–136

psychology

, 4–5

recruitment of child soldiers

, 94–95

rescue age

, 120–121

rights indices

, 13–14

trafficking

, 8

work

, 58

Child Development Index

, 13–14

Child labour

, 4, 7–8, 46, 58, 67–68, 72, 120, 135, 159

causes for

, 69–70

children working on street

, 49–50

chronology of global regulations on

, 70–72

exploitation

, 67–68

at home and outside home

, 48–49

in market economy

, 46–47

practices in world

, 68

in street economy

, 52–53

in Turkey

, 50–52

working child and

, 47–48

worst forms

, 59

Child Protection Act

, 14–15

Child worker

in agriculture

, 61–62

in industry

, 62–63

Childhood

, 4, 35–36, 57–58, 78, 125, 134, 210

in early years

, 36–37

emotion development

, 38

historical and cultural dimensions

, 210

historical development

, 36–37

in Middle Ages

, 37

in modern period

, 38

sociology

, 4–5

today’s

, 38–39

Children

, 4, 6, 12, 35–36, 57–58, 86, 118, 183–184, 186, 193–194, 204

challenges

, 12

as cheap labour in agriculture and industry

, 59–60

in employment

, 67–68

evidence based on statistics

, 12–13

exposed to hard work in early years

, 93

of genocide

, 79–81

Norway

, 13–15

practices in local governments

, 187

impact of war and displacement on

, 104–107

working on street

, 49–50

‘Children are our future’

, 188

Children’s day

, 187

Children’s literature

, 211, 214

20th century to present

, 214

Children’s Ombudsman

, 176–177

examples

, 177–179

Children’s Ombudsman Advisory Group

, 178

Children’s Ombudsman Institution

, 177

Children’s rights

, 79–80, 118–119, 176, 188

applicability

, 130

concept, scope and historical process

, 125–126

development

, 120–121

to food

, 128–130

to housing

, 126–128

international recognition of children’s rights

, 121–122

violations

, 8

Children’s Rights Day

, 39

Children’s summit and environmental actions

, 151–152

CIRI Human Rights Index

, 13–14

Cities

, 136

City life

, 136

City safety

, 136–137

Civil war

, 86

Cold War Period Children

, 22

Communication

, 184

Conditional cash transfer programmes (CCT programmes)

, 168–171

Continuity

, 236

Continuity Management (CM)

, 229–231

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

, 122, 127–130, 137, 142

Cost

, 67–68

COVID-19 pandemic

, 53, 118

Creative Children Association

, 154

Crime of genocide

, 79

Cultural communication

, 185–186

Cultural diplomacy

, 183–184, 186

children’s practices in local governments

, 187

examples

, 187–188

importance of children in development of

, 186–187

intercultural communication

, 184

National Sovereignty and Day of the Child

, 187

Culture

, 184, 186, 213, 221–222

Danish Parliament Ombudsman Office for Children

, 178

Dark ages

, 21

Dark generation

, 18–19

Dark/Silent generation

, 19

Declaration of Geneva (1924)

, 79–80

Delinquent children

, 136–137

Delta generation

, 26

Design Thinking (DT)

, 246

Dies

, 18

Digital art

, 204

in children’s education

, 204–205

impact of digital art movements on children

, 205–206

Digital natives

, 193–194

Digital objects

, 195

Digital technologies

, 194, 204

3D printers and printing pens

, 194–195

AR technology

, 197–198

hologram

, 198–199

robots

, 194

virtual reality

, 196–197

Discovery World project

, 154

Disruptive behaviour disorder (DBD)

, 143

Do It Yourself packs (DIY packs)

, 228

Domestic work

, 49

Dutch Children’s Ombudsman Office

, 178

Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS)

, 204

Ecological projects

, 150–151

Economic conditions

, 72

Economic growth

, 222–223

Economy

, 222

Education

, 157–158, 204

access and attendance issues to

, 159–161

of children

, 150

COVID-19 effect

, 160–161

girls’ education

, 160

periods and children

, 161–164

purpose

, 158–159

refugee and migrant children and children in countries

, 160

share of budget for education systems and basic education

, 159–160

statistics

, 161

Educational robots

, 194

EIU Democracy Index

, 13–14

Emotional development

, 204

Empirical credibility, reliability and validity

, 91

Enigma Generation

, 21

Enlightenment

, 4

Entertainment

, 154–155

Environment (Protection) Act of 1986

, 223

Environment

, 225

‘Environmental Engineering’ industry

, 223

Environmental organisations

, 150–151

Europe’s Push-Back Policy

, 104

European Union (EU)

, 102

Exploitation

, 5

Extreme poverty

, 168

Fables

, 211

Family-based models

, 144–145

Female labourers

, 46–47

Financial inclusion

, 227–228

Financials

, 229

Finnish Ombudsman for Children

, 177

Firefly Association

, 151

Flowercyclers

, 225–226

Flowercycling technology

, 225–227

Food, children’s right to

, 128–130

Formal education

, 158

Foster care

, 144–145

Free market economy

, 47

Gender Gap Index

, 13–14

Gender-related discrimination

, 159

68 Generation

, 22

Geneva Convention on the Rights of the Child (1924)

, 126–127, 129

Geneva Declaration of Child Rights

, 121

Genocide

, 77–79

children of

, 79–81

crime of

, 79

Genocide Convention

, 79

Gift boxes

, 228

GJP Rule of Law Index

, 13–14

Globalisation

, 4–5

changing playing patterns and

, 5–7

child labour and

, 7–8

consequences

, 5

Golden Age

, 104

Google Scholar

, 86–87, 103

‘Green School’ project

, 151

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 69

‘HelpUsGreen’

, 223

High School Tema

, 152

History of children and childhood

, 35–36

HIV/AIDS

, 142

Hologram

, 198–199

Housing, children’s right to

, 126–128

Human Development Index (HDI)

, 13–14

Icelandic Children’s Ombudsman Office

, 178

IFPRI study

, 170

Immigration

, 103

Impregnable generation/pre androids

, 24

Incense cones

, 228

Incense sticks

, 228

Indian Angel Network (IAN)

, 230

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)

, 230

Individual-social development

, 204

Industrial Revolution

, 4, 120

Industrial robots

, 194

Industrialisation processes

, 4

Inequality

, 142

Informal education

, 158

Institutional care

, 143–144

Institutionalisation of children

, 144

Interactive education

, 153

Intercultural communication

, 183–186

International child poverty with focus on Turkey

, 134–136

International Children’s Year

, 39

International Criminal Court (ICC)

, 79

International Labour Organization (ILO)

, 7, 47, 58, 68, 135

International recognition of children’s rights

, 121–122

International Year of Children in 1979

, 178

Juvenile pushed to crime

, 80

Kanpur Flower Cycling Private Limited (KFPL)

, 227, 235

Kids Rights Index

, 13–14

Kinship care

, 144

Kitezh project

, 151

Labour Law

, 63

Landowning

, 47

Lateral Thinking (LT)

, 246

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)

, 168

region

, 168–170

Learning

, 194, 204

Legal rights

, 119

Literature

, 210

Little Tema (preschool environmental education programme)

, 152

Local markets

, 6

Love for nature for children, importance of

, 150

Machine-to-Human connectivity (M2H connectivity)

, 26

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

, 143

Manual Scavengers Act

, 227

Manual scavenging

, 227

Mental fatigue

, 150

MIFAPRO

, 170

Millennials

, 23

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

, 15

Moral rights

, 119

Mosquito repellent

, 228

Municipalities

, 187

Museums

, 205

Namami Gange Project

, 232

National Curriculum Framework (NCF)

, 246

National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)

, 223

National Green Tribunal (NGT)

, 232

National Sovereignty and Day of the Child

, 187

Natural areas

, 154

Natural disasters

, 159

Nature

, 150

Nature camps

, 153

Nature-friendly art competition

, 154

Neuralink

, 26

Non-governmental organisations

, 150

Norway

, 13–15

Norwegian Ombudsman for Children

, 178

Nutrition

, 126, 128

Obesity

, 150

Old Rifle Digitalists

, 23

Ombudsman

, 175

Ombudsman for Children Act

, 177–178

Ombudsman for Children Law

, 178

Online Education Programmes

, 152

Open door policy

, 103

Oral works

, 211

Organic products

, 228

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 160

Orphanages

, 143–144

Out-of-home care

, 143–145

Paid labour relations

, 46–47

Parental care

, 141–142

lacking reasons

, 142

Parental death

, 142

Parental dysfunction

, 142–143

Parental loss

, 141–142

Parents

, 141

Participation in management

, 27

Particulate Matter 2. 5 (PM2. 5)

, 221–222

Peddler child

, 48–49

PHOOL

, 220–222

financial and social inclusion

, 227–228

financials

, 229

flowercycling technology

, 225–227

future plans

, 232

laws and regulation formed for water preservation and management

, 224

organic products

, 228

polluted cities

, 221

product portfolio and sales strategy

, 228–229

sustainable business model

, 223–225

teaching notes

, 235–236

teaching plan and timing

, 239–242

theoretical linkage

, 229–231

water pollution and economic growth

, 222–223

Physical-motor development

, 204

Play

, 5

Political uncertainty

, 159

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

, 87–88, 102

Poverty

, 134, 136, 142, 159, 168

Pre-Anglophone Generation

, 25

Pre–energy generation

, 26

Preschool/early childhood education

, 161

Primary education

, 161–162

Prisoners of war (POW)

, 89

Product portfolio and sales strategy

, 228–229

‘Programa de Protecci ´on Social’ strategy

, 170–171

Project

, 150

Prospera programme

, 169

Protection of children

, 144

PsycINFO

, 86–87, 103

Public diplomacy, sub-branch of

, 184, 186

PubMed

, 86–87, 103

Readmission Agreement

, 104

Recyclable waste projects

, 152–153

Red de Protección Social (RPS)

, 170

Refill packs

, 228

Reformation

, 4

Regulations

, 70–72

Rehabilitation programmes

, 154–155

Religious moral sentiments

, 212

Renaissance

, 4

ResearchGate

, 86–87, 103

Resilience

, 90

Respect for children’

, 188

Right

, 118–119

Right to adequate food

, 128

Right to food

, 128–129

Risk

, 89–90

advantages of maintaining risk register

, 247–253

criteria

, 249–251

Risk Management (RM)

, 229, 231, 246

Rivers

, 222

Robots

, 194

dashboard

, 195

Romanticism

, 4

Rwandan Genocide

, 77–78, 80

Save the Children Fund

, 121

Schooling

, 4

Secondary education

, 162–164

Secondary School Tema

, 152

Separation

, 142

Sexual violence

, 81

Sheltering

, 129

Silent Generation

, 21–22

Slave-owning class

, 47

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

, 68

Social digitalisation

, 206

Social division of labour

, 125

Social enterprise

, 232

Social entrepreneur

, 244

Social entrepreneurship

, 245

in India

, 245

Social inclusion

, 227–228

Social programmes

, 67–68

Social protection strategies

, 168–169

Society

, 125, 223–225

Sociological, Technological, Economical, Environmental and Political scenarios (STEEP scenarios)

, 236

Solheimar Icelandic eco-village project

, 151

Street economy

, 51–52

Street vendor child

, 48–49

Street worker child

, 51–52

Sustainability

, 229–230

Sustainable business model

, 223–225

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 11–12

Sustainable spirituality

, 225

Swedish Ombudsman for Children Office

, 177

Syrian children

, 102

Syrian Civil War

, 103–104

Syrian internal war

, 103

findings and observations

, 108–111

literature review

, 103–107

methodology

, 107–108

rationale

, 102–103

Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS)

, 223

TEMA

, 152–154

Terrorism

, 102

Theory of Change

, 231

Theory of Sustainable Change (TosC)

, 229–231

3D model

, 205–206

Three-dimensional printers (3D printers)

, 194–195

dashboard

, 196

Three-dimensional printing pens

, 194–195

Toxic water bodies

, 223

Transformation

, 18

Transhumanism

, 26

Turkey

best practices in

, 186–187

child labour in

, 50–52

international child poverty with focus on

, 134–136

legal situation for working children in

, 63

Turkish Grand National Assembly

, 104

Turkish open door policy

, 104

Turkish–Syrian relations

, 104

UN convention on prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide

, 79

United Nations (UN)

, 39, 57–58, 78–79, 134

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)

, 11–12, 14–15, 68–69, 127, 129

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

, 109–110

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Foundation (UNICEF)

, 39, 58, 68–69, 87, 134, 151–152, 159, 186–187

United Nations Youth Summit

, 151–152

Universal Children’s Day

, 39

Universal Declaration of the Rights of the Child

, 39

Unplanned urbanisation

, 136

Urban poverty

, 136

Urban Rights

, 137

Urbanisation

, 136

Violence

, 5

Virtual reality (VR)

, 196–197

dashboard

, 197

Visa Exemption Road Map

, 104

Visual, auditory and kinesthetic styles of learning (VAK styles of learning)

, 194

Wage labourers

, 46–47

Wars

, 159

Waste management

, 235

Wastewater treatment plants

, 223

Water pollution

, 222–223

Wellness packs

, 228

Western children’s literature

, 211

Wild Classroom

, 153–154

Women empowerment

, 235

Working child(ren)

, 47–48, 58

general impact and results

, 60–61

legal situation for working children in Turkey

, 63

situation in turkey

, 60

World

, 39

World Day Against Child Labor

, 39

World Health Organization (WHO)

, 221–222

World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

, 153–154

X-Y-Z-Alpha-Beta-Gamma generations

, 18–19, 22–26

Baby Boomers

, 22

delta generation

, 26

general assessment on types and levels of participation

, 26–27

Silent Generation

, 21–22

types and tendencies of participation by generations

, 27–29

Yavru Tema

, 152

Youth Council. See Children’s Ombudsman Advisory Group

Youth for Climate Action movement

, 151–152

Z generation

, 19–20, 24