Index
Measurement in Public Sector Financial Reporting: Theoretical Basis and Empirical Evidence
ISBN: 978-1-80117-162-5, eISBN: 978-1-80117-161-8
Publication date: 20 March 2023
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2023), "Index", Caruana, J., Bisogno, M. and Sicilia, M. (Ed.) Measurement in Public Sector Financial Reporting: Theoretical Basis and Empirical Evidence (Emerald Studies in Public Service Accounting and Accountability), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 239-250. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-161-820231017
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2023 Josette Caruana, Marco Bisogno and Mariafrancesca Sicilia
INDEX
Accountability
, 42, 222
purpose of NFP organization
, 229–230
Accountable government
, 42
Accounting
for asset categories
, 56–58
asset recognition and matching method adapted to public sector specificities
, 51
asset under historical cost and current value accounting models
, 49–51
derecognition of asset in public sector accounting
, 51–52
developing consistent design for CF
, 40–43
disadvantages of current value accounting for public sector assets
, 54
for heritage goods
, 222–223
historical cost accounting for assets adapted to public sector specificities
, 46–54
illustrative examples of some asset categories
, 54
matters of asset measurement in public sector accounting
, 52–54
models
, 43–48
policy
, 29, 187, 221
for post-employment
, 122
practice
, 107–109
principle
, 160
proposals for accounting for revenue
, 117–118
proposals for accounting for transfer expenses
, 121–122
in public sector
, 153–156
for public sector assets
, 49
standards set for NFP sector
, 231–233
system
, 5
visual guideline for applying our CF
, 55–56
Accounting Directive 2013/34/EU
, 67
Accounting Harmonization of Italian Subnational Governments (ARCONET)
, 157
Accounting Standards Board (ASB)
, 223, 226
Accrual accounting (see also Historical cost accounting)
, 152, 154, 162
move from cash to accrual accounting and opening balance sheet
, 21–22
principle
, 153, 161, 163
in public sector
, 152
system
, 10, 19, 21, 133, 157
Accrual conversion process
, 33
Accrual methodology
, 106
Accrual-based systems
, 20
Acquisition costs
, 204
Administrators
, 42
Amortised cost
, 145
Applied accounting principles
, 153
Art galleries
, 220, 228, 231
Asset Information Management System (AIMS)
, 31
Asset inventory
, 24
Australia
, 31
Malaysia
, 25–26
South Africa
, 27–29
Switzerland
, 29–30
Asset Management Accountability Framework (AMAF)
, 30
Asset Premise Registration
, 25
Asset register
, 24
Australia
, 31
Malaysia
, 25–26
South Africa
, 27–29
Switzerland
, 29–30
Assets
, 3, 6, 19, 48, 152, 159, 193, 195, 223
derecognition of asset in public sector accounting
, 51–52
historical cost accounting for assets adapted to public sector specificities
, 46–54
under historical cost and current value accounting models
, 49–51
inclusion of COV as measurement basis for
, 91–93
information framework
, 31–34
information system
, 22–24
management framework
, 22, 27
matching method adapted to public sector specificities
, 51
measurement in public sector accounting, matters of
, 52–54
recognition method adapted to public sector specificities
, 51
valuation
, 20
Associate companies
, 135–136
Associate entity
, 135
Asymmetric loss function
, 65
Asymmetric prudence
, 64–65
assessment of IPSASB’s accounting standards with respect to
, 74
from normative perspective
, 65–68
prudence in Europe with Germany as exemplary framework including
, 67–68
Auckland Museum
, 188
Australia
, 30–31
asset inventory and asset register stages
, 31
background and policy development
, 30–31
Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB)
, 232
Balance sheet approach
, 49
Banca Dati Amministrazioni Pubbliche (BDAP)
, 140
Basis for Conclusions (BC)
, 67
Benefit
, 134
Borrowing costs
, 123–124
Bottom-up approach
, 41
Budgetary accounting systems
, 21
Budgets statements
, 42
Building block concepts
, 19
Business accounting models
, 43, 45
Canterbury Museum
, 187–188
Cantonal Finance Ministers (CFM)
, 29
Capital expenditure
, 118, 124–125
Capital goods
, 220, 224
Capitalised investment costs (CIC)
, 201, 203
Case study method
, 157
Cash
, 21, 56
cash-based accounting systems
, 21
cash-based process
, 49
equivalents
, 56
move from cash to accrual accounting and opening balance sheet
, 21–22
transfer
, 120
Cautious prudence
in IASB CF
, 66–67
from normative perspective
, 65–68
Charities
, 220, 228
Charities Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP)
, 232
Child benefit organisations
, 228
Churches
, 220
CL
, 94
feedback obtained from CLs to ED 76 and ED 77 in relation to COV
, 91–100
Classification of functions of government (COFOG)
, 121
Collective services
, 120
delivering
, 121
Commitment-based accounting system
, 162
Comparability
, 89
Conceptual framework (CF)
, 40, 63, 196
developing consistent design for
, 40–43
visual guideline for applying our
, 55–56
Concessionary loans
, 117
Conditional conservatism
, 66
Conservatism
, 66
Consolidated financial statement in measurement of local government liabilities
associate companies and joint ventures
, 135–136
consistency in liability’s measurement between LG and private entities in consolidation area
, 145–146
control under IPSAS 35 and line-by-line consolidation method
, 133–135
empirical evidence of consolidation on measurement of liabilities
, 140–144
financial and overall debts
, 141, 143
international background
, 133
Italian Accounting Standard on CFS
, 136–139
LG Group and consolidation area
, 142
sample and methodology
, 139–140
Consolidated financial statements (CFS)
, 131, 140
Italian Accounting Standard on
, 136–139
Consolidation methodologies
, 144
Consultation Paper (CP)
, 105, 194, 220
Control approach
, 133, 138
Control under IPSAS 35 and line-by-line consolidation method
, 133–135
Controlled companies
, 138
Controlled institutions
, 137
Cost approach
, 90, 99
Cost principle
, 107
COVID-19 pandemic
, 65
Cultural, heritage, scientific, and community collections (CHSCCs)
, 198
Cultural assets
, 159, 175
Cultural heritage
, 221
Current expenditure
, 118
Current operational value (COV)
, 85–88, 97
alternatives to
, 96
approach
, 94
definition and guidance of
, 93
definition and guidance of COV
, 93–95
feedback obtained from CLs to ED 76 and ED 77 in relation to
, 91–100
inclusion of COV as measurement basis for assets
, 91–93
measurement techniques for
, 90–91, 96–100
and QCs of IPSAS CF
, 88–90
recommendations for future standard-setting process
, 100–101
replacement cost
, 96
SMC 5 in ED 77
, 93
SMC 6 in ED 77
, 94–95
suggestions from respondents
, 95–96
fair value
, 96
Current replacement cost
, 97
Current value accounting for public sector assets, disadvantages of
, 54
Current value accounting models
, 50
asset under
, 49–51
Current value measurement bases
, 199
Current value model
, 87, 145
Data
, 157
sources
, 27
Decision-making
, 222
rights
, 134
Department of Provincial and Local Government
, 27
Department of Public Works
, 27
Department of Treasury and Finance
, 30
Departments
, 136
Depreciated replacement cost (DRC)
, 93
Depreciation
, 19, 52
Derecognition of asset in public sector accounting
, 51–52
Deviations
, 132
Direct flows
, 203
Directive 2013/34/EU
, 146
Documentary research
, 109
Documentary sources
, 168
Economic principles
, 107–109
Economic theory of value
, 10
and concept of ‘usability’
, 199–201
Education
, 228
Elderly care
, 228
Empirical analysis
, 31
Empirical evidence
, 64
Employee benefits
, 121n3, 122–123
Entity theory
, 43
Equity method and elimination of accounting option for proportionate consolidation
, 135–136
Equity/net assets
, 12
Europe with Germany as exemplary framework including asymmetric prudence, prudence in
, 67–68
European accounting systems
, 65, 67
European Commission (EC)
, 72, 131
European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSASs)
, 64, 194
Conceptual Framework
, 7
project of European Commission
, 64
role of prudence principle in IPSASB CF and in EPSAS CF
, 68–73
European standard
, 109
European System of Accounts (ESA)
, 6, 106, 112–113, 116–117, 119–122, 124, 125
system
, 124
terminology
, 123
European Union (EU)
, 72
Accounting Directive
, 72
Eurostat
, 72–73
Evaluation
, 154
in public sector
, 153–156
Exchange transaction
, 113
Exercise of prudence
, 67
Expenditure
, 118
borrowing costs
, 123–124
capital expenditure
, 124–125
collective and individual services
, 120–121
employee benefits
, 122–123
proposals for accounting for transfer expenses
, 121–122
social benefits
, 118–120
Exposure Draft (ED)
, 7, 145, 220
ED 70
, 117
ED 71
, 117
ED 76
, 8, 85, 96
ED 77
ED 78
, 194
feedback obtained from CLs to ED 76 and ED 77 in relation to COV
, 91–100
SMC 5 in ED 77
, 93
SMC 6 in ED 77
, 94–95
External Reporting Board (XRB)
, 176n1
Fair values
, 48, 87, 96, 113n2, 145
of assets
, 116
principle
, 107
Faithful representation
, 89
Faro Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society
, 200
Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB)
, 226
Financial accountability
, 174
approach
, 133, 138
rationale of
, 139
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
, 232
Financial assets
, 58
Financial benefits
, 134
Financial debt ratios
, 140
Financial liabilities
, 145
Financial Management Act of Parliament (FMAP)
, 29
Financial performance, measurement of
, 110–112
Financial policies
, 134
Financial reporting
, 4
Financial Reporting Standard (FRS)
, 226, 232
Financial statements
, 42
measuring and reporting elements of
, 12
Financial sustainability of LGs
, 148
Finnish Government Accounting Board (FGAB)
, 49, 49n3
Fixed assets
asset information framework
, 31–34
Australia
, 30–31
developing asset information system
, 22–24
Malaysia
, 24–26
move from cash to accrual accounting and opening balance sheet
, 21–22
register
, 20, 23, 27
research methodology
, 24
South Africa
, 26–29
Switzerland
, 29–30
Full method
, 141
General accounting principles
, 153
General Purpose Financial Reports (GPFRs)
, 86
General purpose financial statements (GPFS)
, 40
German Accounting Framework
, 7
German accounting principles
, 64, 79
German Commercial Code (HGB)
, 68
German Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (German GAAP)
, 68
Germany as exemplary framework including asymmetric prudence, prudence in Europe with
, 67–68
GFSM
, 106
Government Asset Management Policy
, 24
Government expenditures
, 118
Government Finance Statistics (GFS)
, 105
Government Immovable Asset Management Act 19 (2007)
, 26
Government Revenue
, 114
Governmental accounting harmonization
, 156n2
Governmental entities
, 220n1
Governmental/Public Accounts
, 106
Governments
, 220n1
Gross fixed capital formation
, 124
Gross investment
, 124n4
Harmonised Accounting Model (HAM)
, 29
HAM1
, 29
HAM2
, 29–30
Health care
, 228
Heritage
, 6, 198
accounting standard regulations in public sector
, 226–227
focusing on
, 12–13
in governments
, 222–223
items as heritage assets
, 195–198
project
, 194
Heritage assets
, 57–58, 86, 100, 152, 172, 175, 188, 194, 197, 226
context of analysis
, 193–195
economic theory of value and concept of ‘usability’
, 199–201
empirical application of proposed approach
, 206–208
findings
, 201
heritage items as
, 195–198
interventionist research approach
, 198–199
new proposal for assessing
, 201–206
in public sector financial reporting
, 193
reporting in NZ
, 175–178
Heritage goods
, 220
accounting standards set for NFP sector
, 231–233
characteristics and definition
, 221–222
recognition, valuation, and disclosure of
, 222–225
research question
, 225–226
Highest value principle
, 68
Historical cost accounting
accounting for public sector assets
, 49–54
approach
, 44
asset under
, 49–51
for assets adapted to public sector specificities
, 46
choosing between accounting models
, 46–48
model
, 40, 43–44, 50, 53
public sector-specific approach in line with GASB
, 48–49
Historical cost approach
, 46, 55, 87, 145
Holistic approach
, 223–224
IFMIS
, 33
Immovable Asset Management policy and guidance
, 25
Immovable Asset Management Procedure
, 25
Immovable assets
, 25
Imparity principle
, 68
Inclusion
of COV as measurement basis for assets
, 91
of indirect flows
, 203
SMC 3 in ED 76
, 92–93
Income approach
, 91
arguments in favour of retaining income approach as measurement technique for COV
, 97–98
Indirect flows
, 203
Indirect returns in three cases
, 215
Individual services
, 120–121
Inductive approach
, 21, 24
Infrastructure assets
, 86, 100, 152
Institution concept
, 137
Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS)
, 24
Intellectual vulgarism
, 13
International accounting frameworks
, 66
International Accounting Standard Board (IASB)
, 5, 63–64, 146
cautious prudence in IASB CF
, 66–67
Conceptual Framework
, 7
International Accounting Standards (IAS)
, 46, 65, 131–132, 220
International Federation of Accountant (IFAC)
, 46
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
, 65, 131–132, 135
IFRS 9 Financial Instrument
, 146
IFRS 13
, 92
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
, 106
International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)
, 47, 53, 63, 79, 86, 109, 112, 115–116, 118, 122, 131, 133, 145, 201
control under IPSAS 35 and line-by-line consolidation method
, 133–135
framework
, 107
IPSAS 1
, 162
IPSAS 9
, 122
IPSAS 17
, 22, 176, 188–189
IPSAS 23
, 122
IPSAS 33
, 22
IPSAS 36
, 135
IPSAS 39
, 122
IPSAS 41
, 146
IPSAS 42
, 118–119
IPSAS CF, COV and QCs of
, 88–90
International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB)
, 11, 24, 40, 46–47, 53, 64, 74, 86, 109, 117, 131, 134, 172, 175, 194, 220
assessment of IPSASB’s accounting standards with respect to asymmetric prudence
, 74
Conceptual Framework
, 5–7, 10, 86, 145
measurement project
, 105–106
project
, 112n1
role of prudence principle in IPSASB CF and in EPSAS CF
, 68–73
Study 14
, 22–23
International Public Sector Financial Accountability Index
, 24
International Valuation Standards (IVS)
, 105
Interpretations, prudence and different, importance of
, 65–66
Interventionist research approach
, 198–199
Inventory data
, 28
Italian ‘Heritage’ working group
, 200, 206
Italian accounting reform framework
, 159
Italian Accounting Standard (IAS)
, 136
on CFS
, 136
considerations on Italian CFS
, 138–139
IAS 16 regime
, 187–188
Italian LG Group
, 136–138
Italian accrual-based accounting principle
, 163
Italian Applied Accounting Standard 4/3
, 146
Italian Applied Accounting Standard 4/4
, 136, 138–139, 146
Italian CFS
, 138–139
Italian commercial law
, 138
Italian context
, 8
Italian law
, 139
Italian legislature
, 139
Italian LG Group
, 136–138
Italian public sector
, 194
Italian Standard Setter Board (Italian SSB)
, 194
Italian system
, 153n1
Italian territorial governments
, 156
Joint ventures
, 135–136
Land database
, 25
Landscape assets
, 221
Liabilities
, 3, 152, 159
consistency in liability’s measurement between LG and private entities included in consolidation area
, 145–146
measurements
, 132
Line-by-line consolidation method, control under IPSAS 35 and
, 133–135
Line-by-line method
, 135, 140–141
Liquidation method
, 52
Local governments (LGs)
, 9, 131
financial debts
, 143
group
, 136
and private entities included in consolidation area, consistency in liability’s measurement
, 145–146
websites
, 140
Local museums
, 178
Lower of cost principle
, 68
Malaysia
asset inventory and asset register stages
, 25–26
background and policy development
, 24–25
fixed assets
, 24
Malaysia Public Works Department
, 25
Manual on Government Deficit and Debts (MGDD)
, 109
Māori heritage item
, 177
Market approach
, 90, 100
measurement technique
, 90
Market output
, 114
Market principle
, 68
Market value
, 145
principles
, 111
Matching method
, 51
Measure
, 155
Measurement
, 6
accounting practice vs. economic principles
, 107–109
approach
, 48
arguments in favour of retaining income approach as
, 97–98
of assets
, 86
bases
, 87
concept
, 156
empirical evidence of consolidation on measurement of liabilities
, 140–144
expenditure
, 118–125
of financial performance
, 110–112
of heritage assets
, 173
implications of book chapters for public sector accounting
, 10–13
of income and expenditure
, 106
literature review
, 106–107
measurement of financial performance
, 110–112
measurement-related EDs
, 172
methodology
, 109–110
models
, 87
of PPE
, 175
in public sector
, 87, 153–156
revenue
, 112–118
SMC 8 in ED 77
, 97
suggestions on way forward for measurement techniques
, 99–100
techniques for COV
, 90–91, 96
theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches
, 6–10
Military assets
, 57
Ministry of Economy and Finance (MoF)
, 157, 194
Monetary-based items
, 152
Moveable Asset Management System
, 25
Moveable assets
, 25
Multi-dimensional value
, 194
Municipal Finance Management Act
, 26
Museums
, 187, 220, 228, 231
National Accounts
, 8, 12, 106–107, 110–111, 116–117, 120–121, 124
rules
, 111
terminology
, 119
Natural assets
, 57–58
Net assets/equity line
, 9
Net direct returns in three cases
, 214
Net lending/borrowing
, 110
Net present value techniques
, 201
Net saving
, 112
Neutrality
, 45
New Zealand (NZ)
, 171
Auditor-General
, 174
heritage assets reporting in
, 175–178
history of IFRS
, 172, 177
IAS 16
, 187–188
IPSAS 17
, 188–189
literature review and theoretical foundations
, 173–175
methodology and data collection
, 178
museums
, 173, 178
OAG
, 187
reporting of heritage assets in financial statements of NZ Museums
, 179–186
standard setter
, 177
Treasury
, 175
New Zealand Accounting Standards Board (NZASB)
, 176, 176n1, 177
New Zealand Auditing & Assurance Standards Board (NZAuASB)
, 176n1
New Zealand Society of Accountants (NZSA)
, 195
NFP
organisations
, 228–229
sector
, 227–228
Non-commercial transactions
, 53
Non-controlled companies
, 138
Non-controlled entities
, 141
Non-controlled institutions
, 137
Non-exchange transactions
, 113
Non-financial assets
, 55, 86, 100
Non-financial benefits
, 134
Non-market output
, 114
Non-Moveable Asset Management System
, 25
Non-reciprocal transfers
, 112
Office of the Auditor-General (OAG)
, 174
Opening balance sheet, move from cash to accrual accounting and
, 21–22
Operating policies
, 134
Operational value
, 6
Organisations transactions
, 152
Organismo Italiano di Contabilità (OIC)
, 140
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 223
Otago Museum
, 187, 189
Other comprehensive income (OCI)
, 68, 73
Output
, 114
Paramount principles of protective function
, 68
Perceived utility
, 201
Politicians
, 42
Present value of future net returns (PVNR)
, 201, 203
of heritage assets
, 217
Presentational prudence approach
, 79
Principle of prudence in government accounting
assessment of IPSASB’s accounting standards with respect to asymmetric prudence
, 74
cautious and asymmetric prudence from normative perspective
, 65
cautious prudence in IASB CF
, 66–67
findings
, 74–79
importance of prudence and different interpretations
, 65–66
prudence in Europe with Germany as exemplary framework including asymmetric prudence
, 67–68
prudence within IPSASB CF
, 68–72
role of prudence principle in IPSASB CF and in EPSAS CF
, 68
Private entities
, 132
Private entities in consolidation area, consistency in liability’s measurement between LG and
, 145–146
Private NFP organisations
, 220–221
Productive process
, 45
Professional accountants
, 152
Project Management System
, 25
Property, plant and equipment (PPE)
, 73, 107, 172, 175, 194
accounting standard for NZ public sector
, 176
valuation
, 26
Proportionate consolidation, equity method and elimination of accounting option for
, 135–136
Proportionate method
, 141
Province of Brescia
, 139
Prudence
, 66
concept
, 63, 116
in Europe with Germany as exemplary framework including asymmetric prudence
, 67–68
importance of prudence and different interpretations
, 65–66
within IPSASB CF
, 68–72
principle role in IPSASB CF and in EPSAS CF
, 68–73
Prudent measurement
, 68
Public accountability
, 174
Public Accounts
, 12, 106–107, 110–111, 115, 124
Public administrations equity (net assets)
measurement, evaluation, and accounting in public sector
, 153–156
method
, 157–158
research design
, 156
research site
, 156–157
results
, 158–162
Public assets
, 25
Public Benefit Entity Standards (PBE Standards)
, 226
Public context project
, 132
Public domain assets
, 159
Public entities
, 132
Public Finance Management Act 1 (1999)
, 26
Public finances
, 29
Public heritage facilities
, 222
Public management of fixed assets
, 20
Public resource management system
, 198
Public sector
, 54, 133, 228–229
asset recognition and matching method adapted to public sector specificities
, 51
historical cost accounting for assets adapted to public sector specificities
, 46–54
measurement, evaluation, and accounting in
, 153–156
organisations
, 4
public sector-specific approach in line with GASB
, 48–49
public sector-specific matching mechanism
, 46
Public sector accounting (see also Accrual accounting)
, 45, 64, 152, 172
derecognition of asset in
, 51–52
focusing on heritage
, 12–13
frameworks and methodologies
, 10–11
implications
, 10
matters of asset measurement in
, 52–54
measuring and reporting elements of financial statements
, 12
Public sector assets
, 56, 194
accounting for
, 49–54
disadvantages of current value accounting for
, 54
Public sector entities (PSE)
, 40, 58, 220
financial statements
, 42
Public Sector Financial Reporting
, 6
Public value
, 4, 230
Qualitative characteristics (QCs)
, 86
COV and QCs of IPSAS CF
, 88–90
Qualitative methodology approach
, 109
Qualitative research
, 109
Realisation principle
, 68
Regional museums
, 178
Relevance
, 5, 11
Reliability
, 5, 11
Representative evaluation
, 156
Research design
, 198
Research question (RQ)
, 132
Reserve matching mechanism
, 51
Resources
, 116, 196
Revenues
, 51, 112
proposals for accounting for revenue
, 117–118
taxes
, 115–116
transfers
, 116–117
Schemes
, 123
Sector-neutral reporting
, 226
Separate financial statements (SFS)
, 140
Service delivery objectives
, 96
Social benefits
, 118–120
Social insurance in National Accounts
, 123
Social risks
, 118
Social services
, 228
Social transfers
, 120
South Africa
, 26–29
asset inventory and asset register stages
, 27–29
background and policy development
, 26–27
Specific Asset Registration
, 25
Specific matter for comment (SMC)
, 91
SMC 5 in ED 77
, 93
SMC 6 in ED 77
, 94–95
Standard-setting process, recommendations for future
, 100–101
Statement of Changes in Net Assets/Equity
, 152
Static accounting
, 45
Statistical guidelines
, 114
Stipulations
, 116
Straight-line allocation method
, 51
Swiss central government
, 29
Switzerland
, 29
asset inventory and asset register stages
, 29–30
background and policy development
, 29
Tangible assets
, 25, 194
Taxable amount for direct taxes
, 203
Taxes
, 115–116
Temporal attribution of cash flows
, 116
Theoretical analysis
, 40, 48, 55
Third sector
, 227
Timeliness
, 89
Total expenditure
, 118
Total net returns in three cases
, 216
Tout court application
, 152
Transactions
, 52
Transfer expenses, proposals for accounting for
, 121–122
Transferability of accounting policies for governmental heritage to private NFP organisations
, 227
accountability purpose of NFP organization
, 229–230
NFP sector
, 227–228
previous heritage accounting research in private NFP organisations
, 230–231
public sector and NFP organisations
, 228–229
Transfers
, 116–117
Unavailable reserves
, 158
unsellable
, 159
Unconditional conservatism
, 66
Understandability
, 89
Unified accounting system
, 132
United Nation’s System of National Accounts (SNA)
, 106, 107
Unrequited transactions
, 113
US Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB)
, 46, 48
public sector-specific approach in line with
, 48–49
Usability
, 201
of assets
, 10
economic theory of value and concept of
, 199–201
Valuation Guidance for Cultural and Heritage Assets
, 175
Valuation technique
, 92, 224–225
Value
added concept
, 114
economic theory of
, 199–201
in use concept
, 194
Value added tax (VAT)
, 204
Variable benefits
, 134
Verifiability
, 90
Victorian Digital Asset Strategy (VDAS)
, 31
Whanganui Regional Museum
, 187, 189
- Prelims
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Exploring the Measurement Dilemma in Public Sector Financial Reporting
- Frameworks and Methodologies
- Chapter 2: Pathways for Implementing an Asset Information Framework for the Valuation and Management of Fixed Assets
- Chapter 3: Accounting for Public Sector Assets: Comparing Historical Cost and Current Value Models
- Chapter 4: The Principle of Prudence in Government Accounting
- Chapter 5: The Applicability of the Current Operational Value for the Measurement of Assets in the Public Sector
- Measuring and Reporting the Elements in Financial Statements
- Chapter 6: The Measurement of Income and Expenditure: Comparing Public Accounts and National Accounts
- Chapter 7: The Relevance of the Consolidated Financial Statement in the Measurement of Local Government Liabilities
- Chapter 8: Public Administrations’ Equity (Net Assets): Where Problems of Evaluation and Measurement Walk Together
- Focusing on Heritage
- Chapter 9: Measurement and Reporting of Heritage Assets – Insights from Practice in New Zealand
- Chapter 10: Measuring Heritage Assets in Public Sector Financial Reporting: Dream or Reality?
- Chapter 11: Towards Convergence of Heritage Accounting Perspectives: The Public Sector and the Private Not-for-Profit Sector
- Index