Index
Fiona Macaulay
(University of Bradford, UK)
ISBN: 978-1-80071-566-0, eISBN: 978-1-80071-565-3
Publication date: 21 April 2021
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Macaulay, F. (2021), "Index", Transforming State Responses to Feminicide: Women's Movements, Law and Criminal Justice Institutions in Brazil (Perspectives on Crime, Law and Justice in the Global South), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-565-320211007
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Amapá
, 48
Amazonas
, 46, 101n1
recorded feminicides as percentage of female homicides
, 46
Ângela Diniz murder case
, 75
Appellate courts
, 26, 65, 76, 108
domestic violence units (CEVIDs)
, 26, 90
Apps
, 92–94
for protection of victims
, 92–94
for reporting domestic violence
, 92
Argentina
, 11, 30–31
law on feminicide
, 30–31
protest at feminicide
, 1
Attempted feminicide
, 12, 50, 53, 81, 92
Avon Institute
, 101
Bahia
, 48, 89–90, 100–102, 113
gender office within the police
, 99
lack of police data on feminicides
, 48
Maria da Penha patrol
, 89–90
police preventive work with men
, 100
Bancada feminina
, 17–18, 34–36
Belém do Pará Convention
, 2, 12, 13–16, 21, 23, 28–29, 68
follow-up mechanism (MESECVI)
, 13, 28, 30, 78
Black women
, 51–52, 112, 115n6
rise in feminicides
, 46, 51
political violence against
, 52
Bolivia
law on feminicide
, 30–31
Bolsonaro, Jair
, 41n14, 52
Bolsonaro government policies
, 19, 94, 98, 110
BOs (see Police; Incident reports)
Brazil
, 1–5, 8, 13, 15, 40n2, 115
criminal codes
, 72–73
gender inequality in law
, 27
Law on Feminicide
, 30–31
National Guidelines
, 34, 49, 57–58, 60, 68, 79, 109, 113
religious lobby in politics
, 19, 35–37, 112, 115n4
Brazilian Forum on Public Safety (FBSP)
, 1, 5
Ceará
, 46, 48, 53–54, 56, 68, 93
electronic tagging of offenders
, 93–94
gang-related feminicides
, 54
investigation of sexual offences
, 56
lack of police data on feminicides
, 58, 60
recorded feminicides as percentage of female homicides
, 46, 54
Roberta Viana Carneiro case
, 68
CEDAW
, 9–12, 15–16, 40, 73, 76
Committee
, 9, 16, 76
Convention
, 8, 12, 15
Optional Protocol
, 10
Central America
, 2, 6, 32, 54, 105
characteristics of feminicide
, 32, 105
drivers of feminicide
, 79
Chile
, 11, 30–32
law on feminicide
, 31
CIM (see Inter-American Commission of Women)
Ciudad Juárez (see Mexico)
Civil Police
, 4, 17, 48, 55, 56, 58, 60, 66, 87, 91, 96, 100, 103n20, 113
CNJ (see Judiciary, National Justice Council)
CNMP (see Public Prosecutor’s Office)
Colombia
law on feminicide
, 30–31
prosecution of feminicide of trans woman
, 31
Costa Rica
, 30
law on feminicide
, 30–32
Cotton Field judgement (see Mexico)
Council of Europe
, 2, 21n5
Courts
criminal misdemeanour courts (JECrims)
, 15, 24–25, 108
domestic violence courts
, 19, 24–26, 53, 65, 90
upper courts (see, appellate courts, Federal Supreme Court, Supreme Court of Justice)
women’s trust in
, 78–79
Covid-19 pandemic
, 111, 113
Crimes of passion (see Honour defence)
Criminal codes, Brazil
, 72–73
DEAMs (see Women’s police stations)
Defence strategies in feminicide cases
, 69, 71–75
Domestic violence
Brazilian policy on
, 18–19, 23, 26
courts (see, courts, domestic violence courts)
international definitions and laws
, 8, 9, 12, 13, 21n16
law in Brazil (see Maria da Penha law)
police patrols (see, Maria da Penha patrols)
Dominican Republic
law on feminicide
, 30–32
Ecuador
law on feminicide
, 30–31
El Salvador
, 1–2, 28
feminicide rate
, 46
law on feminicide
, 30, 31, 35
protest at feminicide
, 1
Electronic tagging of abusers
, 93–94
Emotion (see Defence strategies in feminicide cases)
Espírito Santo
feminicide investigation unit
, 57
panic button device
, 92
FBSP (see Brazilian Forum on Public Safety)
Federal District
, 17, 55, 62n31, 63n40, 86, 90, 98–102, 115n3
age profile of feminicide victims
, 50
domestic violence police patrol (PROVID)
, 90, 94, 102n9
feminicide watch
, 47–8, 61n10
feminicides committed within the police
, 98
investigation of feminicides 60
, 106
Jéssica Oliveira case and transgender victims
, 52–53
police training on gender-based violence
, 100
prosecution and conviction in feminicide cases
, 77, 80
recording feminicides
, 46, 49, 50
restraining orders
, 86
secondary victims of feminicide
, 55
Federal Supreme Court (STF)
, 18, 25, 26, 40n1, 62n22, 65, 68, 78, 82n7, 91
Female homicide
, 2, 6, 31, 38, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 54, 55, 57, 60, 111
Femicide (see Feminicide)
Feminicide
as a Latin American concern 1–2
, 6–7, 11–13
emergence of concept
, 5–7, 10–11
forms around the world
, 7
types of
, 32–33
Feminicide in Brazil
, 1, 38
as a proportion of all female homicides
, 44–46
data sources
, 44, 46
features of
, 54–56
investigative protocols and methods
, 48, 57–60, 108, 58–59
law (see Laws on feminicide)
prosecution (see Prosecuting feminicide)
rates
, 44–46
recording and reporting
, 44–50
secondary victims
, 55
social databases (see Feminicide watches)
types of
, 2, 48, 50
within police
, 97–99
Feminicide watches
, 11, 46–47
Gang-related murders of women
, 32, 53–54
Gender phobia
, 19, 36–37, 111–112
Gerhard, Nádia
, 88–90
GPS tracking (see Electronic tagging of abusers)
Guatemala
, 28
law on feminicide
, 30–31
Homicide in Brazil
, 45
types of, in law
, 39
Homophobia
, 19, 37, 51, 52 111, 115n4
Honduras
, 28
law on feminicide
, 30–31
Honour defence
, 66, 108
history of
, 72–74
landmark cases
, 75–78
Inter-American
, 7, 13, 16, 29, 31, 109
Commission of Women (CIM)
, 12, 21n15
Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)
, 10, 12, 34
Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (see Belém do Pará Convention)
Court of Human Rights
, 28
International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women
, 47
Istanbul Convention
, 2
JECrims (see Courts and domestic violence)
Judiciary
, 17–18, 24–25, 34, 60, 77–81, 90, 108, 114
National Justice Council (CNJ)
, 18, 25, 26, 34, 62n22, 67, 80–81, 96, 108, 113
Jury trials
, 37, 66, 67, 70, 81–82
conduct of
, 70–71, 76, 81
verdicts in feminicide cases
, 76, 78
Lagarde, Marcela
, 6
Latin American Model Protocol for the Investigation of Gender-related Killings of Women (femicide/feminicide)
, 2, 34, 40, 43, 49, 57–59, 106, 109
Laws on feminicide
, 27
Brazil
, 4, 9 19, 23, 27, 33–40
Latin America
, 27, 29–33
Lynching
of feminicide perpetrators
, 55
of trans women
, 52
Manslaughter (see Homicide, types of)
Maranhão
adoption of national guidelines on feminicide
, 49, 60
gender office within the police
, 99
lack of police data on feminicides
, 48, 61
Maria da Penha
, 40, 78, 107, 111–112
IACHR ruling 15–16
story of
, 15
Maria da Penha Law
, 67, 109
drafting
, 16–17, 34
implementation
, 25–27
provisions
, 24, 26, 37, 44, 85, 87, 93, 98, 100, 111
Maria da Penha police patrols
, 86–92, 112, 113
Mato Grosso
recorded feminicides
, 46
Mato Grosso do Sul
, 56
adoption of national guidelines on feminicide
, 60
MESECVI (see Belém do Pará Convention, Follow-up Mechanism)
Mexico
, 1, 2, 28–31, 41, 47, 61n6, 105, 110
Ciudad Juárez
, 2, 6, 10, 28
Cotton Field judgement
, 28–29
feminicide
, 28, 30
feminicide watch
, 47
law on feminicide
, 29–31, 41n12
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador
, 110
protest at feminicide
, 1, 35
Military Police
, 17, 22n20, 52, 60, 86–92, 97–100, 102n4, 103n20, 107, 112, 115n3
Minas Gerais
, 48, 78, 87–90, 99, 102n11
domestic violence police patrol (PPVD)
, 88
domestic violence within the police
, 99
lack of police data on feminicides
, 48
Model Protocol (see Latin American Model Protocol for the Investigation of Gender-related Killings of Women (femicide/feminicide))
Moreira, Cícero Nunes
, 87–88
MPUs (see Restraining/protection orders)
Municipal Police (Guard)
, 17, 61, 86, 90–93
Murder rates (see Homicide)
Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women
, 9
National Guidelines on Investigating, Prosecuting and Trying Feminicides
, 43, 49, 53, 68, 79, 80, 109, 113
drafting process
, 109
testing and implementation
, 109
Nicaragua
law on feminicide
, 30–31
Northern Triangle (see Central America)
OAS (see Inter-American)
Panama
law on feminicide
, 30–31
Panic buttons and apps
, 92–93
Paraguay
law on feminicide
, 30–31
Paraíba
Maria da Penha police patrol
, 90
Paraná
, 49, 76
inter-state collaboration
, 58
police data on feminicides
, 48, 61
Pasinato, Wânia
, 34, 58, 95
Pernambuco
, 50, 80, 82n3, 92, 94, 102n13
campaign to change police report form. 49
police data on feminicides
, 61
police feminicide prevention strategies
, 94
Uma Por Uma feminicide watch
, 47
Perpetrators
, 28, 31–32, 38–39,47, 49, 51, 52, 55, 57, 60, 66, 87–88, 91, 92, 95
deaths
, 44, 85, 98
monitoring (see, Electronic tagging of abusers)
programmes
, 18, 24, 98, 100, 111
punishment
, 68, 69, 71, 78–81, 98
Peru
, 1
law on feminicide
, 30–31
Piauí
, 46, 51, 81, 83n22, 101, 108
adoption of national guidelines on feminicide
, 58–60
definition of feminicide
, 53
feminicide investigation methodology
, 58–59
panic button app
, 92
police recording of feminicides
, 49
Police
, 95, 109
culture
, 56, 57, 97–100, 105, 107
domestic abuse in the ranks
, 55, 98–99
incident reports
, 47–48, 74
training on domestic violence
, 5, 26, 57, 60, 88, 89, 90, 97, 99–100
trust in
, 52, 59, 78
women in the police
, 56, 103n20
Police forces in Brazil (see Military Police; Civil Police; Municipal Police)
Policy
, 5, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18–20, 26, 44, 59, 85, 87, 90, 107
diffusion/transfer
, 3, 59–60, 90, 106, 107–8
entrepreneurs
, 3, 20, 43, 58, 88, 107, 113
innovations
, 3, 14, 106
Prevention
, 8, 11, 18, 24, 29, 30, 85–88, 94, 97, 101, 106
community education
, 100
primary
, 97–100
secondary
, 94–96
Prosecuting feminicide
, 34, 39, 79
conviction rates
, 78–81
delays in
, 67–68, 80, 81
guidelines
, 43, 79
Provocation defence (see Defence strategies in feminicide cases)
Public Defender’s Office
, 26, 90, 93, 108
Public prosecutor’s office
, 17, 19, 25, 39, 43, 48, 60, 66–70, 79–80, 83n24, 90, 93, 95
National Database on domestic violence
, 96
National Prosecutor’s Office Council (CNMP)
, 26, 34, 44, 79, 95, 96, 108
state-level units on domestic violence
, 26
Restraining/protection orders
, 4, 51, 78, 81
enforcement of
, 86–94
Rio de Janeiro
, 48, 51–53, 60, 72, 75, 102n11, 107
adoption of national guidelines on feminicide
, 60
police treatment of trans women victims
, 53
protocol to speed up restraining orders
, 78
Rio Grande do Sul
, 56
Maria da Penha police patrol
, 88–90
recording of feminicides
, 46, 49
Risk assessment tools
, 94–96
Rondônia
, 48
Roraima
, 46, 101n1
Russell, Diana
, 6, 7, 9, 21n8, 11
Santa Catarina
, 57, 82n4, 101
adoption of national guidelines on feminicide
, 60
Santiago, Denice
, 89, 91, 99
São Paulo
, 96, 107
appellate court domestic violence unit
, 90
investigation of feminicide
, 59–60
Municipal Maria da Penha patrol
, 90
police suicide
, 97–98
police training
, 100
recorded feminicides
, 46
women’s police stations
, 14, 56
Segato, Rita
, 27, 40, 54–55, 58, 74
Sergipe, lack of police data on feminicides
, 48, 101n1
Sexual violence
, 6, 8, 10, 11, 14, 18, 23, 27–28, 32, 33, 35, 49, 54, 56, 59, 97
Southern criminology
, 3, 106
Suicide
, 82n11
feminicide disguised as
, 49, 97
of feminicide perpetrators
, 85, 89, 95, 97–98
Support networks for domestic violence victims
, 4, 18, 26, 87, 96, 99, 110, 113
Supreme Court of Justice (STJ)
, 65, 68, 71, 76, 77, 78, 108
TJ (see Appellate courts)
Tocantins
, 48
Trans women/ transgender women
Feminicide Law
, 37, 53
Maria da Penha Law
, 37, 53, 115n4
murders of
, 52–53
UN Women
, 2, 16, 34–35, 109
United Kingdom
, 1
Femicide Census
, 47
risk assessment instrument
, 95
United Nations (UN)
, 2
Committee on Crime Prevention and Control
, 8–9
Convention for the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (see CEDAW)
General Assembly
, 9, 10
Uruguay
law on feminicide
, 30–31
Venezuela
law on feminicide
, 30
Vienna Declaration on Femicide
, 2, 11
Villa, Eugênia
, 58–59, 83n27
Women’s movement
, 105, 108–109, 113, 115
mobilisation on gender-based violence
, 1, 4, 8, 12, 27, 66, 76
pressure on international organisations
, 15–16, 28, 108–109
pressure on government
, 4, 14, 16, 35, 49
Women’s police stations (DEAMs)
, 4, 14, 15, 19, 53, 56, 57, 87, 90, 91, 99
Workers’ Party government policies
, 16–19