Index

Citation

(2021), "Index", Nziku, D.M. and Struthers, J.J. (Ed.) Enterprise and Economic Development in Africa, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 337-344. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-322-220211026

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited

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INDEX

Access to government procurement opportunities (AGPOs)

, 220

Achievement motivation theory

, 215–217

Action research (AR)

, 194

intervention

, 203

Action team (AT)

, 201

Advanced economies

, 19, 21, 61

Africa

, 74, 82–83, 124, 195

Africa-focussed reports

, 135

GEM surveys

, 130

IP programmes in

, 268

RoSCA type in

, 278

sub-Saharan

, 122

women in

, 83, 87

youth dying in

, 216

Agriculture

, 29, 40–41, 49–53, 221, 267, 294–296

development

, 297–298

sector

, 298, 310

Algeria

economy and business context

, 295–296

soft commodities market

, 298–300

Amoral familism

, 63

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

, 323

Association

, 72, 323

Asymmetric approach

, 91–92

Backward linkages

, 272

Behavioural economics

, 91

loss aversion

, 91–95

tournament effects

, 95–96

British University of Egypt (BUE)

, 280

Broker–buyer relationship

, 304–306

agriculture development

, 297–298

in Algeria

, 294

Algeria’s economy and business context

, 295–296

Algeria’s soft commodities market

, 298–300

Algerian soft commodities imports

, 300–302

B2B relationships

, 307

brokerage challenges

, 306–309

cereals market

, 302

ease of doing business

, 297

hydrocarbon-based economy

, 296

political context

, 296

regulated cereal market

, 302–303

soft commodities trading

, 303–304

Capacity building on performance of women enterprise

, 107–108

Cereals market

, 302

Commodities markets

, 303

Community-based organisations (CBO)

, 208

Conflict

, 196

resolutions

, 63

and SV

, 196–198

Conflict transformation (CT)

, 197–198

SE as CT approach

, 199–200

SE in CT

, 207

Constructivist grounded theory

, 123

Context

, 6–7, 16, 317, 331

African

, 4, 6, 21, 59

Algerian

, 176

of broker–buyer relationships

, 11

institutional

, 255

Nigerian

, 67

principal-agent

, 44

Control of corruption (CC)

, 9, 44, 232–233

Corona virus disease

, 215

Correlation analysis of variables

, 327

Critical discourse analysis (CDA)

, 8, 123

Cultural

changes in environment

, 174

cultural-specific networks

, 64

differences

, 20–21

distortion

, 242

diversity of people

, 3

dynamics

, 41

institutions

, 19

reproduction

, 105

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

, 248

Developing countries

, 7, 10, 28, 30, 73, 82–83, 87, 97, 234, 316

businesses in

, 17

entrepreneurial activities in

, 18

tax in

, 334

Diversity

, 31, 175

degree of

, 47

of narratives

, 66

Durbin and Watson test

, 326

Dutch Disease

, 184

Eastern Industrial Zone (EIZ)

, 261

Economic action

, 66

Economic activities

, 181

African cultural context

, 7

embeddedness and

, 19–20

Economic development

, 16, 103

in Africa

, 9–11

aspects

, 5

contradictions of entrepreneurship and

, 21–24

criticism of models

, 185

industrial parks as instruments of

, 263–270

linking entrepreneurship and

, 17–19

lowest levels

, 3

Economic factors

, 106–107

Economic growth and governance in Africa

counter argument

, 242–243

data analysis

, 235–238

decline in governance

, 238–240

PSOs

, 233, 234, 241

traditional outsourcing

, 241–242

VFM

, 240

Economic growth/development

, 16–17

contradictions of

, 21–24

entrepreneurship and

, 17–19

Economies

African

, 5

factor-driven

, 21

low-income

, 262

mature

, 68

productive

, 12

of scale

, 10, 268

stages of

, 21

Efficiency-driven economies

, 21

Embeddedness

, 60

and economic activities

, 19–20

Nigerian SMEs

, 61–63

social

, 19

theory

, 64

Emerging economies

, 63, 252–254, 260

Enterprise in Africa

, 5–7

Entrepreneur

, 16, 20, 30, 61–62, 86–87, 107, 136, 175–177, 180, 199

Entrepreneurial situation

, 16

Entrepreneurship

, 15, 16

activities in African countries

, 23, 25

business regulations

, 29

business venture/measuring performance

, 26–28

contradictions of

, 21–24

economic activities

, 19–20

and economic development

, 17–19

in economic growth

, 24

inadequate capital

, 30

infrastructural capacity

, 29

me-too syndrome

, 28

necessity entrepreneurship

, 20–21

opportunity-driven Entrepreneurship

, 20–21

stages of economies

, 21

unemployment

, 28

Entrepreneurship enablers

, 180

globalisation

, 181

policy programmes

, 181–182

social change

, 182–183

Entrepreneurship in Africa

, 3, 5–7, 122

academic literature

, 127, 150–167

African youth employment

, 124–125, 133–135

allegories of young people

, 130–132

data collection

, 126

essentialism of

, 130–132

GEM

, 123–8, 145

GEM Literature Coding Tree

, 129

journal abbreviations

, 167–171

national reports

, 146–149

specialist reports

, 149

textual outputs

, 126

theory and CDA

, 127–128

youth employment challenge

, 135–139

Entrepreneurship Policy Framework (EPF)

, 48

Expected utility theory

, 87, 91–92

Exporting

, 21, 60

enterprises

, 260

entrepreneurial activities

, 61

firms

, 255

role of networks in SME

, 63–64

‘Factor-driven’ economies

, 21

Family and kinship

, 73

trust in

, 67–68

Farm entrepreneurship (FE)

, 40, 41

empirical studies on

, 43

Farmers training centres (FTC)

, 45

Female entrepreneurship in Africa

, 82

barriers facing

, 84–86

behavioural economics

, 91–96

PA taxonomy

, 88–90

reasonable gain and affordable loss

, 91

social networks among

, 86–87

SWT with P-A concept

, 87, 91

Financial performance

, 317

ability-to-pay approach theory

, 318

adjusted net income and

, 318–319

correlation analysis of variables

, 327

data analysis

, 323–324

firm age and

, 320

firm liquidity and

, 319–320

income tax and

, 320–322, 331–332

multivariate analysis

, 327–330

practical implication

, 333–334

research design

, 322

research limitation

, 334

sample size and sampling techniques

, 322–323

social implication

, 333

staff feeding

, 320–322

test of assumptions

, 324–326

‘Fly-by-night’ buyers

, 308

Foreign direct investments (FDI)

, 174, 179, 260, 316

Gender entrepreneurship in Africa

, 7–9

Geographical locations

, 18, 24, 31

Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI)

, 50

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)

, 4, 16, 44, 83–84, 122, 123–124

definitions of entrepreneurship

, 125–126

Global Entrepreneurship Programme

, 182

Global value chains (GVCs)

, 4, 260

Globalisation

, 180–182

benefits of

, 254

economic

, 181

hyper-globalisation

, 265

Goodness-of-fit test

, 325

Governance indicators (GIs)

, 9, 44, 232

Government effectiveness (GE)

, 9, 44, 232–233

Government of Rwanda

, 316

Graduate Enterprise Academy (GEA)

, 215

activities-driven strategic partnerships

, 224–225

beneficiaries

, 223

business categories and numbers

, 221

MKU’s

, 215, 218–221

STEP Programme at

, 222–223

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 18, 176, 232, 296

Group borrowing

, 7, 96

High self-control (HSC)

, 284

Homogenous group

, 66

Horizontal approach

, 47

Hotel age and financial performance

, 320, 329, 331–332

Hotel liquidity

, 319–320

‘Hotels Give to Get’ principle

, 318, 331

Hydrocarbon-based economy

, 296

Hyper-globalisation

, 265

Impact analysis theory (IAT)

, 8, 174

Income tax

, 320–322

IncubMe

, 182

Indigenous

entrepreneurs

, 28

institutions

, 60–61, 66, 73

and local theory

, 4

market associations

, 74

Nigerian SMEs

, 66

Industrial parks (IPs)

, 259

in clustering

, 268–269

development impact of

, 270–272

in Ethiopia’s Industrialisation Agenda

, 261–263

as instruments of economic development

, 263

as instruments of regional development policy

, 269–270

investment mobilization

, 263–264

manufactured exports in era of GVCs

, 264–266

role of

, 266–268

Informal entrepreneurship

, 248–252

Informal rules

, 61, 74

Informality in Africa

, 246, 248

Information seeking

, 85–86

Innovation-driven economies

, 21

Institutional capital

, 86

‘Institutional drivers of firms’ registration

, 247–248

Institutions and firm registration in Africa

empirical analysis

, 250

informal entrepreneurship

, 248–250

informality in Africa

, 246, 248

‘institutional drivers of firms’ registration

, 247–248

OLS model of determinants

, 253

primary equation

, 251

probit model

, 252

public policymakers

, 255–256

selection equation

, 251, 252

Instrumental networks

, 86

Intermediaries

, 67–68, 294

financial

, 106

unlicenced and unregulated

, 175

International Development Research Centre (IDRC)

, 130, 134

International Labour Office/Organization (ILO)

, 123, 176, 247

International trade

, 22, 61

Interviews

, 25, 45, 66

Kenya

, 7, 8, 103–104, 219, 278

Law courts

, 69

Least developed countries (LDCs)

, 40, 261

Legal mechanisms

, 62

Legitimacy

, 22, 63–64

Lending factors

, 107

Loss aversion

, 91, 91–95

Low self-control (LSC)

, 284

Macro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)

, 50

Managerial constraint factors

, 107

Manufacturing

, 40, 181, 221, 318

activities

, 260

economic importance

, 246

employment opportunities in

, 263

IP-based manufacturing activities

, 271

MSMEs

, 53, 66

sector

, 267

Markets

, 6, 17, 19, 29, 310

foreign

, 69

formal national and international

, 52

international

, 263

lack of formal

, 51

rural

, 42

West African

, 66

Me-too syndrome

, 25–28

Members of Parliament (MPs)

, 205

Mentoring

, 103, 219–220, 223, 242

Micro and small enterprises (MSEs)

, 107, 278

Micro-finance institutions (MFIs)

, 106

Middlemen

, 67

Millennium Development Goal (MDG)

, 106

Moderate self-control (MSC)

, 284

Mount Kenya University (MKU)

, 8, 213, 215

GEA

, 215, 218–221

Multiple case studies

, 64, 66, 74

Multivariate analysis

, 327–330

Narratives

, 64, 66

development

, 123

inter-related discursive

, 133

patriarchal

, 182

policy

, 122

National Gender and Development Policy

, 103

National Women’s Policy

, 103

Necessity entrepreneurship

, 20–21, 177

Network relationships, Nigerian SMEs

, 61–63

Networking

, 44, 48, 86, 203

export

, 69

personal relationship and

, 309

Networks

, 6, 60–62, 304

capital

, 86

family and kinship

, 67

farmers

, 45

Ghanaian

, 64

horizontal trust

, 234

informal

, 74, 87

in SME exporting

, 63–64

social

, 19, 30, 60, 86

Nigeria

, 5–6, 24–25, 27–28, 45–46, 60–61, 64, 67–71, 73–74, 85, 106, 213, 268

Nigerian SMEs

, 60

contracts and personal trust in exporting SME networks

, 68–69

embeddedness

, 61–63

entrepreneurial action

, 64

network relationships

, 61–63

networks in SME exporting

, 63–64

participant exporting SMEs

, 65

semi-structured interviews

, 66

trade associations

, 69–72

trust

, 61–63

trust in family and kinship

, 67–68

Non-farm entrepreneurship (NFE)

, 40–41

empirical studies on

, 43

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

, 104

Norton Town Council (NTC)

, 204

Office Algerien Interprofessionnel des Cereales (OAIC)

, 303

One size fits all approach

, 6, 8, 48

Opportunity-based approach

, 8, 174

Opportunity-driven entrepreneurship

, 20–21

Ordinary least squares (OLS)

, 250, 253

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 102

Other developing countries (ODCs)

, 41

Perception

, 26, 45, 118, 304, 316

Personal networks

, 68, 86

Persons living with disabilities (PLWDs)

, 220

‘Picking winners’ strategy

, 47

Policy programmes

, 181–182

Principal-Agent paradigm (P-A paradigm)

, 7, 81, 83

Private Sector Federation (PSF)

, 316

Prize spread

, 95–96

Process attributes

, 51

Process theory

, 105

Product attributes

, 51

Prospect theory

, 91–92

Psychic distance

, 63

Public service organisations (PSOs)

, 233–234

Public–private partnerships (PPPs)

, 48, 97

Qualitative study

, 6, 24, 60, 74, 288

Quantitative methods

, 64, 74

Rational choice theory

, 104

Regulated cereal market

, 302–303

Resource curse

, 184

Respondents

, 10, 26, 66, 68–69, 92–93, 96, 101, 110–114, 116–117, 279, 283–284, 286–289

Return on asset (ROA)

, 316

Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (RoSCAs)

, 10, 277–278

data description and characteristics

, 280–284

in Egypt

, 279–280

participation and self-control

, 284–286

participation and social preferences

, 286–288

participation and trust

, 288–289

Rule of law (RL)

, 232–233

Rural enterprises

, 42

inter-sectoral linkages within

, 41–42

success

, 54

Rural entrepreneurship

, 40–41 (see also Youth entrepreneurship)

economic activities in rural areas

, 53–54

empirical studies on barriers to

, 46

policies in countries of SSA

, 48

policies to supporting

, 47–48

smallholders and domestic and foreign companies

, 51–53

in SSA

, 42

stylised facts on

, 54

subsistence farming

, 48–51

transforming barriers to enablers

, 42–46

Rwanda Development Board (RDB)

, 316

Rwanda taxation

, 317

Sanctions

, 62–63, 66

Self-control

, 284–286

Semi-structured interviews

, 66

Seven-year programme

, 50

Skills-based self-employment entrepreneurship strategy

, 135–137

Small and Medium Enterprises Agency Act of 2015

, 50

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

, 6, 18, 47–48, 60, 102 (see also Nigerian SMEs)

owner-manager

, 61

Social capital

, 86–87, 207–208

Social change

, 182–183

Social entrepreneurship (SE)

, 8, 183, 193–194

as CT approach

, 199–200, 207

Social factors

, 106–107

Social injustice transformation model

, 200

Social networks among women entrepreneurs

, 86–87

Social value orientation (SVO)

, 279

Socio-economic context

, 6, 93–94

Socio-economic processes, youth participation in

, 194–196

Socio-economic relations

, 64

Soft commodities

Algeria’s soft commodities market

, 298–300

imports

, 300–302

trading

, 303–304

Staff feeding

, 320–322

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)

, 323

STEP Programme at GEA

, 222–223

STEP-4-Youth programme (STEP 4Y programme)

, 223

Strength of weak ties (SWT)

, 7, 81–82

with P-A concept

, 87, 91

Structural violence (SV)

, 194, 197

addressing

, 204–205

conflict and

, 196–198

Students Training for Entrepreneurial Promotion (STEP)

, 218

Sub-Saharan African (SSA)

, 6, 22, 40, 83

Subsistence farming

, 40, 48–51

System theory

, 105

Technical factors

, 106

Thematic analysis

, 66

Thematic Apperception Tests (TATs)

, 217

Themes

, 3, 25–26, 60, 66, 126, 129–130

Total entrepreneurial activity (TEA)

, 125

Tournament effects

, 7, 95–96

Transaction attributes

, 51

Transformative paradigm

, 201

Trust

, 61–63

in family and kinship

, 67–68

Nigerian SMEs

, 61–63

RoSCAs participation and

, 288–289

violation

, 197

Unemployment intervention in Africa

achievement motivation theory

, 215–217

GEA at MKU

, 217–218

GEA model

, 222–227

MKU’s GEA

, 215, 218–221

UNESCO’s Education

, 214

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

, 3, 21, 40

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

, 48

United Republic of Tanzania (URT)

, 40

Variance inflation factor (VIF)

, 325

Weak ties

, 81–82

West Africa

, 60–61, 63, 66–70

Women empowerment

, 103

accessibility of credit

, 106–107

capacity building on performance of women enterprise

, 107–108

conceptual framework

, 104–105

correlation analysis

, 114–115

criticism of theories

, 105–106

demographic characteristics

, 110–112

description of data analysis procedures

, 110

description of research instruments

, 110

effects of gender enterprise fund

, 112–114, 116–117

effects of WEDF loans

, 106, 114, 117

multiple regression analysis

, 115–116

rational choice theory

, 104

research design and methodology

, 109–110

review of theories

, 105

women enterprise on household livelihoods

, 108–109

women-owned SMEs

, 118

Women Enterprise and Development Fund (WEDF)

, 7, 104–105

Women Enterprise Fund (WEF)

, 103

Women’s entrepreneurship

, 82, 102

World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES)

, 246

World Economic Outlook (WEO)

, 247

Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)

, 44

‘Youth bulge’

, 124

Youth Enterprise Development Fund

, 103

Youth entrepreneurship

, 174 (see also Female entrepreneurship in Africa; Rural entrepreneurship)

in Algeria

, 187

barriers to entrepreneurship

, 177

bureaucratic obstacles

, 179

criticism of models of economic development

, 185

economic development

, 184

and economic growth for Algeria

, 186

enablers

, 180–183

foreign direct investments

, 179

gender considerations

, 179–180

soft skills

, 180

venture capital

, 178–179

youth engagement and employment

, 175–177

Youth participation in socio-economic processes

, 194–196

Youth unemployment in Africa

, 7–9

Zimbabwe, SV transformation model

, 193–194

action plan

, 204

addressing SV

, 204–205

AR intervention

, 203

conflict and SV

, 196–198

CT

, 197–198

limitations and considerations

, 208

outcomes of tested solutions

, 205–206

research approach

, 202

SE as CT approach

, 199–200

SE in peace building

, 206–208

social injustice transformation model

, 200

study area and sampling approach

, 201–202

SV transformation model

, 200–201

transformative paradigm

, 201

youth participation in socio-economic processes

, 194–196