A2A

, 72

Age

, 133

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of United Nations

, 12

Alea Ambiente

, 84

Alessio Ciacci

, 59

6AIka Future Circular Economy Hubs in Finland project (CircHubs)

, 30–31

AMSA

, 55

ANCI-CONAI National Framework Agreement

, 74

ASCIT

, 59, 69

SpA in Capannori Municipality

, 41, 69, 106

Associative process

, 104

Automation

, 50

Berliner Stadtreinigungsbetriebe (BSR)

, 69

Best practices in urban waste management

, 3

Better Industrial Design

, 39–40, 44

Biological waste

, 111

Biomass

, 111

Board Composition

, 75

Board of directors

, 66, 74, 82

Danish principles of good governance for utilities owned by municipalities

, 80

good practices in OECD countries

, 75

Boardroom efficiency

, 75

Capannori Municipality

, 58–59

Case studies of urban waste management operators

, 3, 5

Cerro Maggiore landfill

, 55

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

, 66

Circular economy

, 1–3, 51

approach

, 27, 36, 113

example of Contarina SpA

, 110

framework

, 8

good waste management for Voka Snaga Ljubljana

, 32

innovative solutions for circular economy in Ljubljana

, 31

in strategies and performance measurement

, 98

Circular Economy Action Plan

, 96

Circular waste cycle

, 51–53

Citizens

, 114, 133

Collaborative networks, good practices and

, 57–60

Collective responsibility

, 115

Comitato Interministeriale dei Prezzi (CIP6)

, 51–52

Communication

, 51–52, 120

and education plans

, 44

staff members

, 120

and training in Helsinki area

, 121

Composting

, 37–39

solution

, 21

of waste

, 22

Consortia

, 74

of municipalities

, 65

Contarina

, 57–58

circular economy example of

, 110

framework

, 115–116

model

, 115

SpA

, 85, 109

Waste Management Academy

, 122

Cooperation Agreement

, 58

Corporate governance

, 3

experience of LIPOR in Portugal

, 66

rules

, 71, 74, 79, 82, 132

“Corruption Risk and Related Offences Management Plan”

, 66

Cultural hegemony

, 46–48

Cutting-edge waste firms

, 120

DACCAPO Reuse Center

, 41

Danish principles of good governance for utilities owned by municipalities

, 80

DANVA

, 79–80

Data availability

, 117

Decision-makers

, 11

Direct public management

, 73

Divers data collection methods

, 4–5

Door-to-door collection systems

, 37–39, 44, 52

Door-to-door or street bins

, 119

Drinking water provision

, 96

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA)

, 100

Economic incentives

, 39–40

Economic prosperity

, 96

Education and Environmental Intervention Program

, 98

EFFECORTA store

, 43

Effective communication formula

, 52

Efficiency in urban waste management provision

, 94–95

Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recovery Centers network (CREW)

, 98

Emancipation

, 50

Energy production

, 51

Enlargement process

, 12

of European Union

, 13

Environmental accounting principles

, 96

Environmental protection

, 96

Enzo Favoino

, 7

ERICA

, 60–62

ERSAR

, 99

Europe

incineration of domestically generated waste

, 21

municipal waste generation

, 14–17

municipal waste treatment in EU-28

, 22

urban waste management in

, 9–25

European Commission

, 2

European Environmental Agency

, 11

European firms

, 2

European Green Deal

, 31–33

European Investment Bank

, 3, 36

European policymakers

, 123

European Union (EU)

, 1, 9, 50, 64, 94, 104, 132

sustainable product policy framework

, 31

waste laws

, 124

Financial institutions

, 3

Finland

HSY in

, 64–65

landfill disposal of waste in

, 25

Formia Rifiuti Zero Srl. (FRZ)

, 88, 112

Gender

, 133

Genealogy

, 46, 48

“Get–produce–use–throw” approach

, 27–29

Global Alliance Against Incinerators (GAIA)

, 52–53

Good practices and collaborative networks

, 57–60

Good public services

, 1

Good waste management

, 3

for Voka Snaga Ljubljana

, 32

Grassroots movement

, 59–60

Greater Porto

, 65

Green supply chains

, 51–52

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 1–2

Hazardous waste

, 118

Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY)

, 25, 28, 64–65, 118

communication and training in Helsinki area

, 121

Petra Waste Benchmarking in Helsinki

, 119

residents’ waste management in

, 118

In-house providers

, 117

In-house provision of local public services

, 130

Incineration, municipal waste treatment by

, 25

Incinerators

, 49

Individual responsibility

, 115

Induction programs

, 75

Informants

, 4

Innovation

, 104, 114, 131, 134–135

at LIPOR

, 113

RCERO Ljubljana

, 111

relevance of waste treatment plants today

, 112

in service organization and tariff setting

, 106

in waste management through collaboration and knowledge sharing

, 110

Institutional actors

, 30

Institutionalized public–private partnership

, 71

Interim landfills

, 40

International Solid Waste Association

, 50

Investment

, 132

Italian corporate governance code

, 72

Italian examples of costs impact

, 112

Italian National Anti-Corruption Authority (ANAC)

, 117

Italian waste management

, 3

Italy

good practices and collaborative networks

, 57–60

Milan

, 54–57

National Packaging Consortium in

, 74

social innovation networks

, 60–62

zero waste in

, 53, 60, 62

Key performance indicators (KPIs)

, 99

Knowledge exchange processes

, 46, 54

Knowledge sharing

, 123, 127, 131, 134, 136

approach

, 132

at macro-, meso-, and microlevels

, 125

Landfill(ing)

, 44

disposal

, 49

landfilled municipal waste

, 23–25

rate

, 19

of waste

, 21

Lavazza

, 59

Linear approach

, 27–29

Linear waste cycle

, 49–50

LIPOR

, 122

corporate governance experience of LIPOR in Portugal

, 66

experience

, 98

innovation at

, 113

in Porto

, 65

Waste Management Academy

, 122

Ljubljana model

, 24

Management models

, 63–74

Management team

, 80

Mechanical–biological treatment plant

, 55

Milan, from crisis to model

, 54–57

Minerva

, 7

Mixed ownership model

, 67

Multiple case design

, 4

Municipal corporation model

, 68

Municipal Department 48 (MA 48)

, 64–65

Municipal solid waste (MSW). See also Zero waste (ZW)

, 64–65

management

, 11–12

publicly owned start-up in

, 88

Municipal utilities

, 74

Municipal waste

generation

, 14–17

management system

, 38

treatment by incineration

, 25

and treatment in EU

, 19

utilities

, 67

Municipalities and waste firms

, 120

Municipally owned enterprises (MOEs)

, 67

National Innovation Agency (ANI)

, 113

National Packaging Consortium in Italy

, 74

National ZW Observatory

, 59

Neoliberal discourse

, 130

Nomination framework and practices

, 75

Nonbusiness Entity of Research and Innovation System (ENESII)

, 113

Nonpublic organization

, 125

Not In My Backyard syndrome (NIMBY syndrome)

, 119–120

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 11

Board of Directors good practices in

, 75

countries

, 75

Organized crime

, 117

Owner municipality

, 80

Ownership

, 3, 6, 10

firms with

, 3

role and potential impacts of different management models

, 63–74

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

, 8

Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT)

, 31

systems

, 40, 44, 58–59

tariffs

, 40, 106

Performance

of entrepreneurial actors

, 131

indicators

, 46

of public service operators

, 93

Petra Waste Benchmarking in Helsinki

, 30–31, 119

Point pricing systems based on PAYT principle

, 52

Policymakers

, 11

Polluter pays principle

, 40

Private management model

, 73

Privatization of public services

, 130

Professionalism

, 133

Project of ZW Research Center of Capannori

, 41

Proportionality

, 10

Public organization

, 125

Public ownership

, 132–133

Public policy development

, 51–52

Public procurement

, 44

Public sector organizations (PSOs)

, 97

Public service obligations (PSOs)

, 11

Public services

, 1, 9

in EU framework

, 9–10

provision

, 71, 93, 96

remunicipalization process in public service provision

, 82–92

Public shareholders

, 133

Public tenders

, 117

Publicly owned start-up in municipal solidwaste management

, 88

Publicly owned waste operators

, 133

Public–private conflict

, 72

Punctual rate

, 106

Quadrinomy

, 58

Radio-frequency identification (RFID)

, 106

Recovery and disposal methods

, 23

Recycling

, 37–38

municipalities of Legambiente

, 61–62

plants

, 114

of waste

, 22

Reduce and Recycle (Re. Re)

, 61

Reduction, recycling, and reuse

, 12

Regional Recycling Plant

, 31

Regional Waste Management Centre Ljubljana (RCERO Ljubljana)

, 23, 111

Remuneration

, 75

Remunicipalization process

, 82, 92, 130

Contarina SpA

, 85

publicly owned start-up in municipal solidwaste management

, 88

Research, Development, and Innovation Unit (UIDI)

, 113

Residents waste management in HSY

, 118

Residual separation and research facilities

, 39–40

Responsibility

, 114, 117, 131–133, 135

Retiambiente

, 69

Reuse, repair, and deconstruction step

, 37–38

Rossano Ercolini

, 59

“Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza”

, 56

Sector-specific sustainability

, 98

Separate collection of recycling materials

, 38

Separate collection systems

, 52

Separate waste collection

, 47

Services of General Economic Interest (SGEI)

, 10

Services of general interest (SGIs)

, 9–10

Sintesi Srl

, 58

Slovenia, urban waste management in

, 23

Small-sized public-owned firm

, 69

Snowball sampling technique

, 4

Social actors

, 4

Social contract

, 47

Social equity

, 96

Social innovation networks, ZW and

, 60–62

Social movement

, 46

Socio environmental responsibility

, 133

Soft laws

, 79

Solid Waste Association of North America

, 50

Solid waste production and disposal

, 11

Sorting Plant and Support Platforms

, 113

Sortti pick-up service

, 118

Source separation

, 37–38

Stakeholders

, 125

in circular economy practices

, 122

engagement

, 117, 122, 131–133, 136

State-owned enterprises (SOEs)

, 75, 79, 82

Subsidiarity

, 10

Survey on Local Infrastructures and Equipment

, 96

Sustainability

, 103

reports

, 99

environmental

, 96

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 98

Sustainable reporting

, 100

Sustainable urban solid waste management

, 103

innovation

, 104–114

knowledge sharing

, 123–127

responsibility

, 114–117

stakeholder engagement

, 117–122

Sustainable waste management system

, 6–7

Take–make–waste model (TMW model)

, 48, 53, 130

circular waste cycle

, 51–53

linear waste cycle

, 49–50

Tariff system

, 109

Technological developments

, 50

Technological innovations in waste treatment and recycling

, 44

Training programs

, 75

Triple bottom line approach (TBL approach)

, 3, 6, 96, 103, 134

circular economy in strategies and performance measurement

, 98

efficiency in urban waste management provision

, 94–95

performance of public service operators

, 93

sustainable reporting

, 100

Voka Snaga in Ljubljana, Slovenia

, 97

Unification process

, 1

Urban solid waste

collection and treatment

, 11

management systems

, 103

Urban waste generation

, 2

Urban waste management. See also Sustainable urban solid waste management

, 1–3, 11, 67, 115, 130

activities

, 63

activities in performance measurement

, 95

circular economy approach

, 27–36

in Europe

, 6, 9, 25

factors affecting efficiency in

, 94–95

operators

, 95

remunicipalization process in

, 82–92

zero waste strategy for municipalities throughout world

, 36–44

Urban waste services

, 63

Board of Directors and other corporate governance rules

, 74–82

corporate governance experience of LIPOR in Portugal

, 66

management models in public service provision

, 64

National Packaging Consortium in Italy

, 74

ownership role and potential impacts of different management models

, 63–74

remunicipalization process

, 82–92

small-sized public-owned firm

, 69

Valorization

, 131

Valpe Ambiente

, 84

Voka Snaga

, 24

in Ljubljana, Slovenia

, 97

pillars of good waste management for

, 32

Waste. See also Zero waste (ZW)

, 1–2, 51–52

collection and treatment systems

, 47

crisis in Milan

, 54

operators

, 96, 120

policy

, 2

privatization

, 130

reduction initiatives

, 2, 39–40

sector

, 2

separate waste collection

, 2

waste-to-energy plant

, 28

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

, 100

Waste Framework Directive

, 1–2

Waste management

, 1–2, 29–30, 94, 130

firms and municipalities

, 3

innovation in

, 110

professionals in

, 4

start-up for

, 7

system

, 45, 109, 1035

Waste Management Academy throughout Europe

, 122

Waste of electrical and electronic equipment waste (WEEE waste)

, 64–65, 106

Zero waste (ZW). See also Municipal solid waste (MSW)

, 23, 45–46, 48, 94–95, 131

approach

, 103

ASCIT Spa, Capannori, Italy

, 41

in Europe

, 4

framework

, 3, 6

in Italy

, 4, 53, 62

and social innovation networks

, 60–62

strategy for municipalities throughout world

, 36–44

thinking zero waste sociologically

, 46–48

TMW vs.

, 48–53

Zero waste Europe (ZWE)

, 53

Zero waste International Alliance (ZWIA)

, 52