Citation

(2020), "Index", Akkaya, B. (Ed.) Agile Business Leadership Methods for Industry 4.0, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-380-920201018

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited

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INDEX

Index

Abstract model

, 91

Accountants

, 147–149

Accounting

, 147

engineer

, 146

expected effects of Industry 4.0 on

, 146–151

Industry 4.0 in enterprises

, 142–145

progress of industry

, 140–142

smart robots

, 139–140

transactions

, 148–149

Achiever

, 185

Additive manufacturing systems

, 75

Adjustable robots

, 87

Advanced robotics

, 70

Agile firms

agility and organizational agility

, 217–224

components of Industry 4.0

, 212–215

generation industrial systems

, 210–211

Industry 4.0

, 211–212, 215, 224–226

Agile leadership

, 182–184

antecedents of

, 55

collaboration

, 53

competency

, 53

drivers

, 55–58

female leaders in perspective of

, 129–130

and female managers

, 131–132

flexibility

, 52

individual factors affecting

, 60

individual outcomes of

, 62

organizational factors affecting

, 58–60

organizational outcomes

, 61–62

outcomes of

, 60

place in OA

, 186–187

quickness

, 52

and sub-dimensions

, 49–52

technology tracking

, 53–54

theory

, 49

Agile Wheel Reference Model (AWRM)

, 220

components of organizational agility model and

, 220–224

Agility

, 48–49

components of organizational agility model and AWRM

, 220–224

OA and agile firms

, 217–220

OA dimensions model

, 220

and organizational agility

, 217

types

, 217

Allied Consultants European (ACE)

, 180

Amoeba organization

, 160–161

Android

, 108

Artificial fish swarm algorithm

, 163

Artificial intelligence (AI)

, 73–74, 83, 86, 102, 104, 106–109, 141, 148, 150

industrial

, 112

in Industry 4. 0

, 146

learning models

, 109–111

Artificial neural networks

, 73, 110–111

organization

, 161

Asian, women leadership in

cross-loadings in Malaysia

, 284

cross-loadings in Thailand

, 283

data analysis and findings

, 270–274

data screening in Malaysia

, 282

data screening in Thailand

, 281

emotional intelligence

, 263–267

learning autonomy

, 260–261, 263–265

literature review

, 261

organization culture

, 268–269

political differences

, 267

research methodology

, 270

women leaders

, 262–263

Auditing

, 147

Augmented reality

, 74, 83, 87

Autocratic leadership

, 124

Automatic feature learning

, 111

Automation

, 73, 77–78

Autonomous robots

, 74, 83, 102, 215

Autonomous systems

, 212

Average variance extracted (AVE)

, 245, 270

Bartlett’s globality test

, 309, 313

Behavioral leadership theory

, 4

Behavioral theories

, 4–5, 123

Big Data

, 74, 82, 87, 88, 213, 235

Big Five Personality

, 266

Bilim, Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı (BSTB)

, 73, 75

Biomimesis

, 157

“Biomimetics”

, 158

Biomimicry

, 156–158

application and samples in business enterprises

, 158–164

Change

, 155–156

“Bionics”

, 157

Block chain technologies

, 148

Bombe

, 108

Boston Consulting Group (BCG)

, 79, 215

“Bucket brigades”

, 162

Bumblebees

, 159

organization model in

, 159–160

Bureaucratic leadership

, 127–128

Business

, 33–34

environment

, 174

executives

, 2

Industry 4. 0, competitive advantage and

, 242–243

management

, 145

and organization’s performance

, 243–244

processes

, 112

sustainability

, 240–241

Business enterprises

Amoeba organization

, 160–161

application and samples of biomimicry in

, 158

artificial neural network organization

, 161

biomimicry

, 158–159

fish swarm organization

, 163

organization model in bumblebees

, 159–160

süper organic organization models inspiredby Termites

, 163–164

swarm intelligence organization

, 161–163

Business-oriented leadership

, 5

Catalyst

, 185

Change in human

, 29, 155

Charisma

, 9, 262

Charismatic leadership theory

, 123

Chi-square value

, 310

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

, 125

Classic theory of management (CTM)

, 268

Cloud Based Manufacturing (CBM)

, 213, 215

Cloud computing

, 74, 83, 87, 210, 289

Cloud systems

, 213

Co-Creator

, 185

Coach-style leadership

, 126–127

Cognitive abilities

, 145

Collaboration

, 53

Communication

networks

, 87

tools

, 26, 196

Competence

, 16, 219–220

Competency

, 53, 178, 265–266

Competition in health sector

, 56

Competitive advantage

, 304–309

variables

, 314–318

Competitive strategy

, 304–305

Composite reliability (CR)

, 245, 270, 295

Computer capital

, 89

Computer revolution (see Third Industrial Revolution)

Confirmatory factor analysis

, 309, 316

Consistency

, 184

Contemporary digital Taylorism

, 114

Context-setting agility

, 15, 185–186

Contingency theories

, 5–6, 123

Contingent reward

, 126

Continuous learning

, 224

Convergent validity

, 295

Cooperative Practices

, 180

Creative agility

, 15, 186

Creative Destruction

, 114–115

Cronbach alpha coefficients

, 309

Customer agility

, 217

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

, 36

Customer satisfaction

, 269

Cyber twin

, 105

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)

, 70, 74, 83, 87, 102, 105, 141, 149, 203, 210, 213–214, 289

Cybersecurity technologies

, 74, 102

Dartmouth conference

, 109

Decentralization

, 142

Decision making

, 145

Deep learning

, 110

Degree of freedom (df)

, 313

Delegating style of leadership

, 237

Democratic leaders

, 236

Democratic leadership

, 123–124

Digital age learning culture

, 10

Digital citizenship

, 11

Digital culture

, 2

Digital Ledger Technology

, 148

Digital marketing (see also Electronic commerce (E-commerce))

, 26, 32

comparison of traditional marketing and

, 34–35

in E-commerce

, 32–34

media and techniques in

, 35–41

Digital revolution

, 10, 86, 202

Digital Taylorism

, 104, 112–114

AI

, 106–109

AI learning models

, 109–111

industrial AI

, 112

industrial IoT

, 106

Industry 4.0

, 103–106

IoT

, 106

Digital technologies

, 26, 76–77, 86, 196

Digital transformation

, 32, 78–79, 88, 93, 143

Digital twin

, 105

Digitalization

, 32–41, 76–77, 86, 92, 140, 143, 150, 210

Direct Labor Expenses

, 149–150

Directing style of leadership

, 236

Discriminant validity

, 295

Dragonfly Effect

, 159

Dynamic capability

, 16

Dynamism

, 161

E-mail marketing

, 35–36, 40

Economic variables

, 70

Effective leaders

, 48–49, 262

Effective leadership

, 51, 122, 124, 126, 260

Efficiency

, 77

Electrical energy

, 105

Electricity

, 211

Electronic commerce (E-commerce) (see also International trade)

, 26–27, 29–30

advantages

, 30–31

disadvantages

, 31

future of

, 31–32

Emotional intelligence

, 260, 263–267

Emotional quotient

, 265–266

Employee

, 2, 5, 11–12, 14

motivation

, 61–62

satisfaction and commitment

, 61

Enigma code

, 108

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

, 149, 213–214

Enterprise Strategy Report

, 176

Enterprises

, 27, 150

Industry 4.0 in

, 142–145

Entertainment

, 39

Entrepreneurial creativeness

, 75

Entrepreneurship

, 195

Environment

, 55

Environmental performance

, 291, 293

Environmental sustainability

, 288

Expectancy

, 6

Expert

, 184–185

Explanatory factor analysis

, 309, 316

External gamification

, 39

Facebook

, 38

Factor loading

, 295

Female leader

agile leadership and female managers

, 131–132

leadership styles

, 123–128

leadership theories

, 122

in perspective of agile leadership

, 129–130

women managers and leaders

, 128–129

Fiedler’s contingency approach

, 5

Financial assets

, 79n1

Financial indicators

, 150

Financial strategies

, 147

Firms

, 29, 70–71, 304

First Industrial Revolution (see Industry 1.0)

Fish swarm organization

, 163

Five points Likert scale

, 310

Flexibility

, 52, 178, 220, 304

ability

, 218

Formal organizational structure

, 305

Foursquare-Swarm application

, 39

Fourth Industrial Revolution (see Industrial 4.0)

Free-Rein leadership

, 124–125

Gamification

, 38–39

Gender discrimination

, 128

General System Theory

, 157

Germany Trade & Invest (GTAI)

, 210

“Glass Ceiling Syndrome”

, 128

Global Value Chains

, 71

Globalization

, 2, 6, 26, 140, 210

Goodness-of-fit indexes

, 313

Governance

, 226

Great Man Theory

, 122, 129

Green supply chain management (GSCM)

, 286, 288, 291, 294, 298

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 234

Health services

, 52

Healthcare

, 53

agile leadership and sub-dimensions

, 49–52

agile leadership model in

, 48, 54–55

antecedents of agile leadership

, 55–60

organizations

, 47–48

outcomes of agile leadership

, 60–62

Hersey and Blanchard’s contingency model

, 6

High-volume modeling capabilities

, 111

I4 technologies

, 289–290

Individualized consideration

, 9

Industrial Internet

, 88, 104

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

, 213

Industrial Revolution

, 86, 194

Industrial Wireless Networks

, 106

Industrialization

, 69

Industry 1.0

, 27, 72, 140, 195

Industry 2.0

, 27, 72, 91, 140, 195, 212

Industry 3.0

, 27, 72, 91–92, 195–196, 212

Industry 4.0

, 2, 6, 26–27, 48, 71, 75, 82, 86, 88–90, 102–104, 141, 147, 150, 194–198, 211–212, 241–242, 286, 294, 297–298

and agile firms

, 224–226

competitive advantage, business sustainability and

, 242–243

components

, 212–215

development in Turkey

, 78–80

in different sectors

, 215–216

effect on international trade in Turkey

, 80–81

and environmental performance

, 289–290

expected effects of Industry 4.0 on accounting

, 146–151

relationship between strategic leadership and

, 202–205

revolution

, 139, 148

Influencer marketing

, 38

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

, 87, 106, 143, 289

Information technology (IT)

, 147, 26, 150, 173

Innovation

, 59, 75, 158

Innovative organizations

, 59

Inspirational motivation

, 9

Instagram

, 38

Internal gamification

, 39

International Labour Organisation (ILO)

, 93, 129

International trade

, 76

firms

, 70–71

Industry 4.0 development in Turkey

, 78–80

effect of Industry 4.0 on international trade in Turkey

, 80–81

Industry 4.0

, 70, 72–75

technological developments

, 69–70

theorical framework

, 75–78

Internet

, 26, 39, 41

internet-based software

, 26

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 41, 70, 73, 82, 86, 88, 104, 141, 148, 194, 203, 210, 213–214, 289

Interoperability

, 142

Istanbul Chamber of Industry (ICI)

, 309

Job

performance of agile leader

, 62

polarisation

, 89

satisfaction

, 240–241

KMO

, 295–297, 309

Knowledge

, 204

Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests

, 318

Labour force

, 93

Labour market

, 88

digitised production

, 87–88

impact of industry

, 94–98

Industry 4.0 effects on

, 89–90

New Industrial Revolution

, 86–87

technological development

, 88–89

technological unemployment

, 93–94

theorical framework

, 90–93

Laisses-Faire leadership

, 8, 124–125

Leaders

, 53

Leadership (see also Agile leadership; Strategic leadership)

, 2–3, 122, 126, 172, 183, 202, 260–261

agility

, 187

behavioral theories

, 4–5

business sustainability and organization’s performance

, 243–244

contingency theories

, 5–6

cross-loadings

, 249–250

data analysis and findings

, 245–247

direct effect

, 251

factor loadings

, 248

Industry 4.0

, 241–243

job satisfaction and business sustainability

, 240–241

organizational performance

, 238

research methodology

, 244–245

style and organization performance

, 238–240

styles

, 122–128, 236–238

theories of

, 3

trait approach in

, 262

trait theory

, 3–4

Lean management

, 58

Lean manufacturing practices (LMP)

, 286, 293, 298

mediating effect of

, 290–291

Lean thinking

, 174

Learner resourcefulness

, 264

Learning

autonomy

, 260–261, 263–265

organizations

, 60

Likert scale

, 294

Machine learning

, 86, 109–110

Mahalanobis distance coefficient

, 318

Management by-Exception

, 7, 126

Management style

, 126

Managerial Grid

, 4

Marketing (see also Digital marketing)

, 28

Marketing 4.0

, 26

marketing from 1.0 to

, 28–29

Mass customisation

, 87

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

, 41

Maximum likelihood calculation method

, 310

McGregor’s theory

, 5

Mechanical organizations

, 305

Mechanical Taylorism

, 112

Mechanisation

, 92

Mechatronic systems

, 74, 83, 102

Media and techniques in digital marketing

, 35–41

Mobile cell phones

, 36

Mobile marketing

, 36–37

Model fitness

, 295–297

Modern foreign trade theory

, 75–76

Modern leadership styles

agile leadership

, 14–15

Industry 4.0

, 2

leadership

, 2–3

modern leadership theories

, 6

strategic leadership

, 11–13

technological leadership

, 10–11

theories of leadership

, 3–6

transactional leader

, 7–8

transformational leader

, 8–10

visionary leadership

, 13–14

Modularity

, 143

Motivation theory

, 265

Neo-Taylorism

, 112

Neural networks

, 110

New Industrial Revolution

, 86–87

‘One-size-fits-all’ solution

, 175

Operational agility

, 217

Organic organizations

, 305

Organisational agility (OA)

, 48, 55, 172, 176, 215

and agile firms

, 217–220

agile leadership

, 182–184

agility

, 173–175

agility and

, 217–224

benefits of being agile organisation

, 181–182

characteristics and multidimensional nature of

, 177–181

dimensions model

, 220

emergence of

, 175–177

levels and competencies of agile leadership

, 184–186

model components and AWRM

, 220–224

place of agile leadership in OA

, 186–187

Organization culture (OC)

, 201, 260, 268–269

Organization performance

, 234

business sustainability and

, 243–244

Industry 4. 0 and

, 241–242

leadership style and

, 238–240

Organization(al)

, 122, 203

model in bumblebees

, 159–160

performance

, 238

politics

, 267

structure

, 304–305

sustainability

, 288

variables

, 181

Organizational flexibility

, 304–306, 323

variables

, 309–311

p-value of Bartletts globality test

, 313, 317

Participating style of leadership

, 237

Partnership agility

, 217

Passive management

, 8

Path analytic study

analysis and findings

, 318–323

competitive advantage variables

, 314–318

competitive strategy

, 304–305

competitive strategy variables

, 311–314

measurement of variables

, 308

organizational flexibility variables

, 309–311

organizational performance

, 307

questionnaire form

, 308–309

research method

, 306

results

, 323–324

review of literature

, 305–306

sample and data

, 308

Path-Goal theory

, 5–6

Patients/customers

, 57

satisfaction and commitment

, 61

Payment methods

, 149

People-oriented leadership

, 5

Performance

, 234

Persistence in learning

, 264–265

Personal skills

, 145

Personalized presentations

, 34

PLS-SEM

, 245, 270

Politics

, 267

Polticals

, 261

“Post-COVID-19”

, 228

Postmodern revolution-Fourth Industrial Revolution

, 70

Practices Directed towards Mastering Change

, 180

Practices Valuing Human Resources

, 180

Proactive personality

, 60

Questionnaire

, 270, 308

Questionnaire-based survey method

, 292

Quickness

, 52, 225

r-square value (R² value)

, 247

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

, 213–24

Real Time Production

, 143

Real-time evaluations

, 145

Reddin’s 3-D leadership model

, 6

Resource-based view (RBV)

, 304

Responsiveness

, 178

Responsiveness

, 220

Returns on investment (ROI)

, 240

Revolution

, 72

Robot technology

, 108, 146

‘Routinisation’ hypothesis

, 89

Scientific management

, 104, 112, 114

Search Engine Marketing (SEM)

, 37–38, 297, 319

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

, 37–38

Second industrial revolution (see Industry 2.0)

Second-order multiple model

, 313

Security

, 147

Self-development

, 62

Self-leadership agility

, 15, 186

Self-management

, 210

Self-regulation

, 266

Senism

, 228

Shareholder theory

, 159

Simulation

, 87

Situational leadership theories

, 5–6

Skill bifurcation

, 88

Skill-based technological change hypothesis

, 89

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

, 79n1, 234–235, 244–245

Smart Factory

, 74, 87, 141–142, 210, 213

Smart machines

, 147

Smart robots

, 139–140

Smart software

, 73–74, 82, 102

Smart tools

, 87

Snapchat

, 38

Social

factors

, 58

insect colony

, 162

media marketing

, 39–40

networking sites

, 38

sciences

, 210

Speed

, 220

Speedo mimicking

, 158

Stakeholder agility

, 15, 186

State politics

, 267

Strategic culture

, 201

Strategic fiction

, 201

Strategic leader

, 12, 125

Strategic leadership (see also Agile leadership)

, 11–13, 194, 198–202

industrial field

, 193–194

Industry 4.0

, 194–198

relationship between Industry 4.0 and

, 202–205

Strategic management

, 199

Strategic staff

, 201

Structural equation model (SEM)

, 308

Structural transformation

, 92

Süper organic organization models inspired by termites

, 163–164

Supply chain sustainability

, 293

Sustainability

, 288

Sustainable leadership

, 126

Swarm intelligence organization

, 161–163

SWOT analysis method

, 125

Synergist

, 185

Systematic development

, 10

Taylorism

, 112

Technological advances

, 72

Technological development

, 69–70, 88, 113

Technological innovations

, 86, 88

Technological leadership

, 10–11

Technological progress

, 88, 94, 97

Technological unemployment

, 89–90, 93–94, 102

Technology

, 52, 57–58, 71, 114

technology–employment effects

, 90

tracking

, 53–54

Termites

, 163–164

Textile sector

, 260

Thailand’s garment industry

apparel industry retail value in Thailand

, 286

convergent validity and factor loading

, 295

demographics

, 294

descriptive statistics

, 294–295

discriminant validity

, 295

environmental performance

, 289–290

Industry 4.0 technology

, 289–290, 297–298

literature review and theoretical background

, 288

measures

, 293–294

mediating effect of GSCM practices

, 291

mediating effect of LMP

, 290–291

methodology

, 292

model fitness and KMO

, 295–297

number of production factories, trading companies and retailers

, 287

organizational sustainability

, 288–289

sample and data characteristics

, 292

SEM

, 297

Third Industrial Revolution (see Industry 3.0)

3D printing

, 70, 86–87

Traditional leadership theories

, 6

Traditional marketing

communication activities

, 39

comparison of digital marketing and

, 34–35

methods

, 34

Trait theory

, 3–4, 122, 123

Transactional leader

, 7–8

Transactional leadership

, 237–238, 262

relationship between organization performance and

, 239

theory

, 123

Transformational leader

, 8–10

Transformational leadership

, 122–123, 125–126, 237, 262

relationship between organization performance and

, 239–240

Turing test

, 108–109

Turkey, Industry 4. 0 development in

, 78–80

Turkish Industrialists’ and Businessmen’s Association (TUSIAD)

, 215

Twitter

, 38

Uncertainty

, 174–176, 179–182, 182–183

Unemployment

, 91, 93

rate

, 102

in Turkey and European Countries

, 94–98

Uniformity

, 268–269

Unrelated-Three Factor Model

, 313

US Department of Defence

, 175

Valence

, 6

Velcro technology

, 156

Vine (social networking sites)

, 38

Viral marketing

, 40–41

Virtual reality

, 74, 83

Virtualization

, 142

Visionary leadership

, 13–14

Visionary personality

, 10

Volatility

, 172, 174

Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, atmosphere (VUCA)

, 174–175

Vroom–Yetton leadership model

, 6

White-collar jobs

, 90

Women leaders

, 260, 262

Women leadership in Asia

cross-loadings in Malaysia

, 284

cross-loadings in Thailand

, 283

data analysis and findings

, 270–274

data screening in Malaysia

, 282

data screening in Thailand

, 281

emotional intelligence

, 263–267

learning autonomy

, 260–261, 263–265

literature review

, 261

organization culture

, 268–269

political differences

, 267

research methodology

, 270

women leaders

, 262–263

Women managers

, 122

and leaders

, 128–129