Index
ISBN: 978-1-80043-363-2, eISBN: 978-1-80043-362-5
Publication date: 30 September 2021
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
O'Donnell, M. (2021), "Index", Crises and Popular Dissent, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-362-520210023
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2021 Mike O'Donnell. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Aaronovitch, David
, 110, 178
Abortion Rights Campaign (Ireland)
, 155–156
Academic theory
, 6
Act of Settlement (1701)
, 46–47
Activism
, 132, 147–148
Activists
, 5, 22, 67, 182–183
Acton, Harold
, 179
Actualisation
, 182–183
self
, 49
Afghanistan
, 45, 114–115
immigration from
, 115–116
war
, 45
Africa
, 91–92
Age Concern
, 151–152
Agency
, 23, 32–33, 75, 78–79, 132, 158
Agonism
, 21, 23–24
Aguilera, Rodrigo
, 50
Air pollution
, 160–161
Akinwotu, E.
, 102
Al Qaeda
, 45, 59, 63–64, 113–114, 116
impact of Al-Qaeda and ISIL’s attacks on racism and ethnic conflict
, 114–116
and BLM
, 113–114
Albright, Madeleine
, 46
Alder, David
, 126–128
Almeida, P. (and Van Dyke, N.)
, 94
Alter-globalisation
, 26, 67, 144
Alternative for Germany Party (AfD)
, 107–108
Amazon
, 33–34
Ambiguity of populism
, 18
America First
, 38, 44, 66, 70, 142
American Presidential Election 2016
, 1–2, 69–70, 72, 75, 96, 98
American Presidential Election 2020
, 98–101
American Revolution
, 82, 93
Anarchism
, 26
Anarcho-populism
, 4–5, 26, 56–57
Anderson, Benedict
, 151
Anderson, Stuart
, 161–162
Angeli, Oliveiro
, 44–45
Anna Coote
, 158
Anti-cosmopolitanism
, 75–78
Anti-fracking
, 135
Anti-pluralism
, 22–23
Anti-pluralist
, 22–24
Arab Spring
, 26
Arcadia Group
, 28, 144
Associative democracy
, 144–146
Asylum/asylum seekers. See also Refugees
, 117
Austerity
, 62–63
policies
, 67
response of left to
, 67
Austria
, 68–69, 107–108, 120–121
Authoritarian leadership
, 27–28
Authoritarian populism
, 49–50
in Eastern Europe
, 123–125
Authoritarianism
, 45–46, 123, 125
Autonomy (self)
, 133, 158
Banking crisis. See Financial crisis (2007–8)
Bannon, Steve
, 41, 124
Banwell, Stacey
, 160–161
Barton Moss
anti-fracking action
, 149–150
battle of
, 135–136
Base (in Marxist theory)
, 40
Basic minimum income (BMI)
, 183–184
Baxter, Sarah
, 105
Beacon of participatory democracy
, 87–88
Beck, Ulrich
, 77, 174
Belgium colonialism
, 116
Bell, Daniel
, 87
Bentham, Jeremy
, 133
Berkowitz, E. (and McQuaid, P.)
, 53
Berlin Wall
, 43, 123
Beveridge, William
, 156
Bezos, J.
, 6
Biden, Joe
, 1–2, 46, 70, 95, 98, 100–101, 106, 178–179
President Biden’s inauguration
, 106
Billionaires
, 141
Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME)
, 62, 170–171, 178, 183
Black liberation movement
, 5
Black Lives Matter (BLM)
, 5, 26, 85, 90, 92, 113–114, 116, 178
Al-Qaeda and
, 113–114
movement for safety and equal representation
, 116
Blair, Tony
, 10, 13–14
Blairite
, 24–25
Blond, Philip
, 54–55
Boardroom representation
, 149–150
Bolsonaro, Jair
, 30
Boohoo Factory, Leicester
, 67–68
Bottom-up movement
, 2
Bouazizi, Mohamed
, 32
Brazil
, 10–11, 143
Breitbart News
, 41
Brexit. See also EU referendum and 2016 Presidential Votes
, 69–72
case for progressive revival
, 78–79
changes in British immigration and Asylum Law
, 69
factors associated with Brexit and election of Donald Trump
, 60–69
financial crisis and Great Recession
, 62–63
immigration
, 63–64
interpretations of Brexit and Trump’s 2016 Election Win
, 72–78
issues after
, 136–138
left and right populist interpretations of immigration
, 67–69
realignment of political parties in relation to class and race
, 60–62
referendum
, 59
response of left to austerity
, 67
right populism
, 64–66
right populist and conservative party post-Brexit
, 136–138
Brexit Party
, 66
Britain
left populism and/or progressive revival
, 138–140
popular power
, 131–133
populism in
, 131
populism in Early Nineteenth-century England
, 133–136
radical democracy
, 140–142
right and left populism in Britain
, 136–138
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
, 35, 38–39
British General Election 2017
, 71–72
British General Election 2019
, 60–61, 71–72, 137
British immigration and Asylum Law, changes in
, 69
Brooks, Rayshard
, 90–91
Brown, Gordon
, 76–77
Bryan, William, Jennings
, 81
Bulgaria
, 108–109
Bullock Report
, 156
Bureaucracy
, 94–95
Burke, Edmund
, 4–5
Burnett, Jon
, 61, 63–64
Bush, George
, 53, 93
Butler, Judith
, 32–33
Calhoun, Craig
, 19–20, 131–133
Caliphate
, 115–116
Cambridge Analytica
, 39–40
Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology (CDS)
, 17
Cameron, David
, 24–25, 42, 133
Capitalism
, 46, 48, 175–176
Capitol (United States (attack on)
, 101–102
Carney, Mark
, 163
Casaleggio, Gianroberto
, 27
Catholic Religion
, 8, 123–124
Cecil, Nicholas
, 170–171
Celebrities/’Celebs’
, 17–18
Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
, 115
Central Bank of the United States (‘The Fed’)
, 96
Central European University
, 124
Centre for Cultural Studies
, 115
Chain of equivalence
, 22–23
Chakrabortty, Aditya
, 153
Charisma/charismatic leaders
, 24, 29–30
Charlie Hebdo (attack on)
, 114–115
Chartists
, 134
Chávez, Hugo
, 20–21
Child Poverty Action
, 151–152
China (Republic of)
, 18
Chirac, Jacques
, 111–112
Citizens assemblies
, 2–3, 9, 139–140
Irish
, 155–156
Citizens UK
, 154
Civic university
, 154
Civil disobedience
, 107, 177
Civil rights
, 47, 73–74
Civil Rights Movement
, 84–85, 90–91
Civil service
, 28, 41, 124–125
Civil society
, 151–155
Climate Assembly (UK)
, 164
Climate change
, 150
competition and conflict
, 160–162
and Covid-19
, 160–166
global problems need global solutions
, 165
Green Parties and social movements
, 162–163
local level and global perspective
, 166
small individual acts
, 162
state and international institutional response
, 163–165
Clinton, Hillary
, 96
Cohen, Michael
, 95–96
Cold War, ix
, 44
Collective action
, 5, 31, 125
Collective will concept
, 22
Colston, Edward
, 91–92
Commodity (data)
, 39–40
Communication
, 35–36
Communications revolution
, 18
Community
, 26, 88, 169
activism
, 139–140, 169
advantages of community participation
, 150–151
awareness
, 147–148
development
, 148–150
power
, 147–151
Conflict theory
, 160–161
Conservatism
, 4–5
Conservative Party
, 156–157
Conspicuous confusion
, 33
Conspicuous consumption
, 33
Constitution
American constitution
, 81, 103–104
British constitution
, 155–158
Construction of people
, 23, 139
Contemporary populism protest
, 135–136
Cooper, Ryan
, 95
Coote, Anna
, 158
Corbyn, Jeremy
, 29, 71–72, 157–158
factor in Brexit 2016 and General Elections of 2017 and 2019
, 71–72
Cosmopolitan democracy
, 75
Cosmopolitan global institutionalisation
, 77
Cosmopolitan liberalism
, 1–2, 175–176
COVAX
, 106
Covid-19 (corona pandemic)
, 1, 147, 159
and comparative government
effectiveness
, 165
and democracy
, 166
and equality
, 166
and governance
, 167–169
and technology
, 159–160
Cox, Jo
, 115
Creativity
, 174–175
Crouch, C.
, 2–3, 6–7
Cruz, Ted
, 105
Cullors, Patrisse
, 90–91
Cultural hegemony
, 32–34
Cultural separatism
, 121–122
Culture wars
, 32–40
continuation of
, 40–41
effects and influence of social media
, 37–38
hegemonic elites and mass participants
, 36–37
new battles
, 35–36
power, politics and media
, 38–40
technological revolution, social media and cultural hegemony
, 32–34
Cummings, Dominic
, 41, 159–160
Cutts, David
, 60
Danish People’s Party
, 108, 118
Davies, William dealignment (of party support)
, 77–78
De-industrialisation
, 65–66
Declaration of Independence (USA)
, 81–82
Definitions
local
, 1–2
national
, 1–2
power
, 1
transnational
, 6
Democracy. See also Radical democracy
, 1–2, 46, 48, 146–147, 166, 175–176, 179
grass roots
, 167–169
types of
, 132
Democratic deficit
, 30–31
Democratic equality
, 175–176
Democratic liberalism
, 175–176
Democratic Party (USA)
, 25
Democratic reform
, 2–3
Democratic socialism
, 10, 55–56, 131
Denmark
, 68–69, 108, 118, 129
Di Maio, Luigi
, 27
Di Muzio, Tim
, 6–7
Diani, Mario
, 139
Dictatorship
, 146–147
Diggers (The)
, 47–48
Digital technology
, 175
Direct democracy
, 27–28
Dis-embedding (of markets)
, 51
Discourse theory
, 32–33
Discursive approach
, 32–33
Discursive-performative approach
, 32–33
Dorling, Danny
, 40
Double movement
, 51
Doughnut Economics
, 166
Draca, Mirco
, 45, 63–64
Dual consciousness
, 34
Dublin Regulation
, 112–113
Duda, Andrzej (President of Poland)
, 125
Dunin-Wasowicz, Roch
, 65, 68–69
Dutschke, Rudi
, 24
Eastern Europe, authoritarian populism in
, 123–125
Eatwell, Roger
, 12–13, 27–28, 59, 79, 85, 89, 99–100
Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP)
, 88
Economist, The
, 129
Education
and experiential learning
, 180
and participation
, 179–180
Education Policy Institute (Report on educational inequality)
, 171
Eldridge, John
, 38–39
Elite in populist theory
, 6–7
Elite/Mass Analysis of American Society
, 86–87
Emancipative values
, 49
Empire and globalisation
, 176–177
Enclosure (movement)
, 19–20
Encounter (journal)
, 88–89
English Defence League (EDL)
, 45, 61
Enlightenment
, 46, 48, 50
Environmental movement
, 138–139
Environmental pollution
, 12, 160
Equality
, 166
Errejón, Inigo
, 127
Ethics
, 148–150
Ethnicity
, 7–8
Ethno-traditional nationalism
, 110
Europe
alternative approach to multiculturalism
, 121–123
authoritarian populism in Eastern Europe
, 123–125
causes of Europe’s right/left divide
, 109–112
consequences of empire
, 112–117
expansion and member tensions
, 117–120
immigration, multiculturalism and refugee crisis of 2015
, 120–121
Left Populism
, 125–128
post-second World War openness to immigration into
, 111–112
responsibility for consequences of empire
, 116–117
shift to right
, 107–109
social democratic predicament in
, 128–129
European Central Bank
, 119–120, 126
European Commission
, 119, 123, 126
European Court of Justice
, 124, 136
European Union (EU)
, 24–25, 59
EU Covid-19 Recovery Fund
, 119–120
Extinction Generation (EG)
, 5
Extinction Rebellion (ER)
, 5, 26, 162–163, 177
Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, Google (FAANGs)
, 119, 147
Facebook
, 39–40
Fanon, Franz
, 91–92
Far Right/Left. See also Extremism
, 12–13
Farage, Nigel
, 11, 24–25, 111–112, 136–137
Fascism
, 9–10
Feminism
, 5, 88–89, 125, 138–139
Fenton, Ted
, 170–171
Feudal(ism)
, 48
Fidesz Party (Hungary)
, 123
Financial crisis (2007–2008)
, 62–63, 109–110
Finland
, 108, 117–118, 129
Five Star Movement (M5S)
, 27
Flat-pack democracy
, 169
Flinders, Mathew
, 17–18
Floyd, George
, 62, 90–91, 116
Fortuyn, Pim
, 120
four freedoms (EU)
, 66
Fox News
, 41
France
, 46, 111–112, 118–119, 133
Freedland, Jonathan
, 77–78
Freedom of speech
, 103–104
Daines, Steve
, 104
Freedom Party (Austria)
, 12–13, 26–27
French Revolution
, 46
Friedman, Milton
, 52, 141–142
Friedman. Rose
, 52, 141–142
Frome
, 169
Front National (NF)
, 111–112
Fukuyama, Francis– 61
, 43, 60
Fuller, Gary
, 160–161
Funding (Community work)
, 148–150
Gambrel, P. A.
, 184
Gasset Ortego y
, 30–31
Gates, Bill
, 6
Gathering crisis of liberalism
, 44–46
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
, 93
General will concept
, 22
Gerbaudo, Paulo
, 26, 28, 56–57, 85–86, 155
Ghetto life
, 120–121
Giddens, Anthony
, 4, 76–77, 121–122
Gitlin, Todd
, 89–90, 144
Giuliani, Rudy
, 101–102
Global warming
, 77–78, 101, 160
Globalisation
, 6, 34, 52
empire and
, 176–177
Glorious Revolution (1688)
, 46–47
Golden Dawn
, 12–13, 88–89, 112–113
Goodhart, David
, 77–79, 112–113
Goodman, Paul
, 151
Goodwin, Fred
, 62–63
Goodwin, Matthew
, 12–13, 27–28, 59–61, 70–75, 79, 85, 89, 99–100
Gove, Michael
, 36
Gramsci, Antonio
, 34, 101, 125
Grassroots democracy
, 1, 133, 144, 146
Great Depression
, 30–31
Great Recession
, 13–14, 44, 59, 62–63, 109–110, 144
Greece, left populism in
, 125–128
Greek debt crisis
, 119–120
Green Party
, 120–121, 162–163
Greenpeace
, 67
Grigio, Beppe
, 27
Hagendoorm, Louk
, 120
Harris, John
, 169
Harvey, David
, 13, 53, 62–63
Hate crimes
, 115
Hayek, Friedrich
, 4, 52, 62–63, 141–142
Health
, 51
and consumption
, 163–164
Hegemonic elites
, 36–37
Hegemony
, 4
definitions
, 34
Held, David
, 75
Hill, Joe
, 56
Hobbes, Thomas
, 47
Hoggart, Richard
, 35
Hong Kong
, 18
Horizontal democracy
, 29, 144, 146–147
Hostile environment
, 108–109
House of Lords
, 140–141, 155–156
Howker, Ed (and Shiv Malik)
, 7
Human equality
, 178
Human factor
, 159–160
Human hyper-competitiveness
, 162
Human rights
, 46, 48, 157, 175
evolution
, 47–48
Human well-being
, 173–174
Hungary, authoritarian populism in
, 123–125
Hyper-masculine cultures
, 6
Identity concepts
, 5–7
Ideologies
, 10
Iglesias, Paulo
, 28, 32, 126–128
Illiberalism
, 28, 57, 123–124
Immigration
, 7–8, 63–64, 117, 123, 178–179
Britain
, 44
Europe
, 112–117
left and right populist
interpretations of
, 67–69
legal status
, 117–118
and nationalism
, 11
United States
, 44
Impeachments (of President Trump)
, 102–103
Imperialism
, 110
Indignados
, 126–127
Inequality
, 48
Covid-19 and
, 169–171
Inman, Philip
, 71
Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR)
, 169–170
Institutional democracy
, 146–147
Interculturalism. See also Multiculturalism
, 121–123
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
, 67
International Non-Government Organisations (INGOs)
, 67
Iraq
immigration
, 45
war
, 121
Islam
and France
, 111–112
and Holland
, 108
and Trump
, 115–116
Islamophobia
, 7, 45, 59, 115
Italy (populism in)
, 36–37, 109
Jackson, Andrew
, 82–83
Jacobs, Paul
, 87–88
Jefferson, Thomas
, 82, 104–105, 175–176
Johnson, Boris
, 10, 35–36, 137, 159–160
Jones, Bryn
, 23, 139–140, 176
Jones, Kate
, 164–165
Jospin, Lionel
, 111–112
Judis, John
, 13, 85
Kaczynski, Jaroslaw
, 124–125
Kaltwasser, Christóbal
, 22–23
Kaufman, Eric
, 25, 61, 65, 73, 78, 110
Keynes, Maynard
, 51, 53
King, Martin Luther
, 91
Klein, Naomi
, 180–181
La Republique en March
, 56
Labour movement
, 5
Labour Party
, 11–12, 23, 53, 56, 62, 107–108, 133, 139–140, 157–158, 162–163
Laclau, Ernesto
, 20–21, 32, 34
Landau, Saul
, 87–88, 90–91
Latin America
, 45–46
Law and Justice Party (PiS, Poland)
, 123–125
Le Pen, Jean-Marie
, 111–112
Le Pen, Marine
, 118–119
Leadership and representation
, 29–30
Leave campaign
, 59, 66
Left populism
, 11
and/or progressive revival
, 138–140
in Britain
, 136–138
charisma conundrum
, 29–30
and variations
, 24–32
Left populist interpretations of immigration
, 67–69
Left-modernists
, 75–76
Lega Nord (Northern League)
, 27
Levellers (The)
, 47–48
Levelling up
, 54–55, 169, 171
LGBTQ movement
, 88–89, 125
LGBTU movement/s
, 5
Liberal cultural values
, 49
Liberal democracy
, 1, 175–176
Liberal hegemony, crisis of
concepts in relation to themes and
questions
, 4–8
themes and questions
, 3
youth as agent of progressive change
, 14–15
Liberal Party, xi
, 50–51
Liberal revolution
, 46–47
Liberal social democracy
, 52, 55, 163
Liberal values
, 49
Liberalism. See also Cosmopolitan liberalism; Neoliberalism; Populism; Progressive liberalism
, 4, 43, 175–176
in 1989
, 43–44
conservative critique of ‘ultra’ left and right
, 53–55
enlightenment
, 48–50
evolution of human rights
, 47–48
gathering crisis, post-1989
, 44–46
new wealth challenges traditional authority
, 46–47
progressive liberalism and neoliberalism
, 50–52
progressives by other names
, 52–55
relationship to other ideologies and political parties
, 8–13
roots of
, 46–48
uncompleted ‘enlightenment’
, 49–50
Lieven, Anatol
, 164–165
Lincoln, Abraham
, 44, 82
Lipset, Seymour Martin
, 82, 88
Local initiatives in participation
, 152–155
Locke, John
, 47
Long, Huey
, 84
Lord Evans of Weardale (on Austerity)
, 137
Lynd, Staughton
, 82
MacMillan, Harold
, 53
Macron, Emmanuel
, 56
Madoff, Bernie
, 62–63
Maduro, Nicolas
, 25–26
Major, J.
, 14
Malik, Shiv (and Ed Howker)
, 7
Manafort, Paul
, 39–40
Mandelson, Peter
, 41
Marcuse, Herbert
, 87
Marliére, Philippe
, 107–108
Marshall, Thomas
, 47, 132, 141–142, 156–157
Martini, 112
Marx
, 31, 160–161
Marxism
, 160–161
Maslow, Abraham
, 49, 182–183
Mass (the)
, 9–10
Mass participants
, 36–37
Mass society (theory)
, 86
May, Theresa
, 108–109
Mayo, Marjorie
, 147–148
McCain, John
, 25
McConnell, Mitch
, 102–103
McGrew, Anthony
, 75
McLuhan, Marshall
, 35
McQuarrie, Michael
, 73
Media
, 38–40
Merkel, Angela
, 121
Meyer, David
, 25, 93
Micklethwait, John
, 159–160, 167
Middle American radicals (MARs)
, 85
Migrants. See also Refugees
, 67, 69, 108–109, 118–119
Miliband, Ralph
, 78–79
Miller, Jacob
, 32–33
Mills, Charles Wright
, 86–87, 147–148
Miles, J.
, 156–157
Mixed Race
, 178
Moffitt, Benjamin
, 32–33
Momentum
, 24–25, 157
Monism
, 88–90
Moria migration camp (Greece)
, 121
Morison
, 82
Mouffe, Chantal
, 20, 22, 138–140
Movement (1960s)
, 85–86
Movement of the Squares
, 26, 28, 67, 85–86
Mudde, Cas
, 20–21, 88, 135, 177
Mueller, Robert
, 39–40, 97
Müller, Jan-Werner
, 22–23, 29–30
Multicultural interaction
, 178–179
Multiculturalism. See also Interculturalism
, 120–121
alternative approach to
, 121–123
Murdoch, Rupert
, 41
Murray, Douglas
, 111–113
Museveni, Yoweri
, 102
Narodniks
, 19–20
National Front (now National Rally) (France)
, 12–13
National government
, 2, 141–142
National Guard (USA)
, 98
National populism
, 27–28, 58–59
Nationalism
, 4–5, 108–109
ethno-traditional nationalism
, 110
Neill, Andrew
, 41
Neo-fascism
, 3
Neoliberalism
, 50, 52, 77, 175–176
concept origins
, 4
definitions
, 5–7
influence within political spectrum
, 13
rise of neoliberalism and
globalisation
, 52
Netherlands
, 68–69, 120
New Deal
, 84
New Economics Foundation (NEF)
, 158
New Labour
, 144
New Left
, 75–76, 85–86, 88–89
Newcastle Institute for Social Renewal
, 154
Non-Government Organisations (NGOs)
, 67
Non-violent protest
, 161–162
North Atlantic Free Trade Association (NAFTA)
, 93
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
, 45, 114–115
Northern Ireland
, 138
Norway
, 68–69, 108
Norwegian Progress Party (FrP)
, 111–112
O’Donnell, Mike
, 7, 28, 144, 147, 157, 176
Obama, Barrack
, 25, 32, 73, 93–94, 125
Occupy movement
, 19–20, 89–90
Oligarchy
, 146–147
Oltermann, Philip
, 162–163
One nation conservatism
, 54–55, 60–61, 66
Orbán, Victor
, 20–21, 28, 123–124
Organic intellectuals
, 34
Osborne, George
, 66
Owen, Robert
, 134
Pact of Free Cities (Visegrad mayors)
, 125
Paine, Tom
, 133–134
Palin, Sarah
, 28, 94
Paris Accord on Climate Change
, 106
Parker, Martin
, 159, 168
Parliamentarians (English Civil War)
, 46–47
Participation
education for
, 179–180
local initiatives in
, 152–155
Participatory budgeting (PB)
, 156
Participatory democracy, xi
, 2, 41–42, 56–57, 147, 151
Party for Freedom (Holland)
, 64–65
Patel, Priti
, 69
Peasantry
, 19–20, 48–49, 51
Peer Learning Network
, 150–151
People (the) in populist theory
, 19–20
People’s Party (Austria)
, 26–27
Performativity
, 22, 32–33
Perot, Ross
, 92–93
Pidd, Helen
, 169–171
Piketty, Thomas
, 6, 48, 55
Pinker, Stephen
, 49–50
Planetary wellbeing
, 160, 173–174
Plato (on governance)
, 167–168
Pleyers, Geoffrey
, 67, 77, 144
Pluralism
, 9, 22–23, 32–33, 35–36, 40
Pluralist
, 22–24
Plymouth
, 152, 154, 169
Podemos
, 126–128
Poland, authoritarian populism in
, 123–125
Polanyi, Karl
, 51
Polarisation (political)
, 108, 112–117
Political advocacy
, 148
Political ideology
, 8–9
Political liberalism
, 49
Political spectrum
neoliberalism’s influence within
, 13
populism in
, 9–12
Politics, power and media
, 38–40
Poll tax (1381)
, 133
Populism. See also Liberalism
, 1, 4–5, 7, 17, 19–20, 24, 83–84, 177, 179
authoritarian
, 49–50
in Britain
, 131
continuation of culture wars
, 40–41
cultural populism
, 17
definitions
, 4–5
in early nineteenth-century
England
, 133–136
in Eastern Europe
, 6
general will or collective will
, 22
ideology debate
, 20–22
left populism
, 24–32
national populism
, 28
people vs. elite
, 19–20
pluralist or anti-pluralist
, 22–24
populist cultural trend
, 32–40
radical right in relation to populism
, 12–13
relationship to other ideologies and political parties
, 8–13
right populism
, 24–32
in Western Europe
, 26
Populist cultural trend
, 32–40
Populist culture
, 17–18
Populist development stages
, 31–32, 135
Populist parties in alliance with
mainstream parties
, 26–27
Populist Party (USA)
, 81
Populist zeitgeist
, 81–83
Port Huron Statement (PHS)
, 87
Porto Alegre
, 10–11, 143, 156
Post-marxist
, 21–22
Post-second World War openness to immigration into Europe
, 111–112
Postman Neil
, 35
Poststructuralism
, 19–20
Poverty
, 8–9, 40, 62, 182
Power
, 38–40
and community
, 147–151
elite power
, 21–22
redistribution of
, 19–20
for use
, 19–20
Precariat (the)
, 6–7
definition
, 6–7
Presidential Election
of 2016
, 96–98
of 2020
, 98–101
Preston model
, 153, 169
Priestly, James
, 133
Progressive
, 131
Progressive Alliance
, 56–57, 138–139
Progressive liberalism
, x, xi, 4, 50–51, 55, 58, 70
Proportional representation
, 12, 126, 155–156
Pryce, Richard
, 133
Raab, Earl
, 88
Race Relations Acts
, 63
Racialism
, 7–8
Racism
, 104–105
anti-racism
, 88–89
definition
, 7–8
Radical democracy
, xi, 2–3, 143, 146–147, 183–184
a fourth phase of citizenship?
, 140–142
advantages of community participation
, 150–151
approach
, 23
burgeoning of
, 143–147
civil society and social renewal
, 151–155
community at national and transnational levels
, 151
community awareness and activism
, 147–148
community development, funding and ethics
, 148–150
community power and participatory democracy
, 147–151
definitions
, 1–2
institutionalisation of
, 113–114
local initiatives in participation
, 152–155
representation to participation
, 143–147
social renewal to national participatory democratic reform
, 155–158
Radical democratic citizenship
, 21–22, 140, 142
Radical democratisation of power
, 2
Radicalism
, 134
Rawnsley, Andrew
, 102
Raworth, Kate
, 166
Reagan, Ronald
, 13, 53, 73–74, 85
Realignment (Party)
, 60–62
Realism, failing
, 181–183
Realistic Utopia
, 181–183
Recession
, 7, 44, 62, 65, 107–108, 111, 144
Recognition
, 121–122
Red Wall
, 60–61, 70, 72, 74, 137
Red Wall Vote
, 14, 72
Referendum
, 69–70
Refugee crisis (2015)
, 120–121
Refugees. See also Asylum seekers
, 45, 121
Regulation (economic)
, 50
Reich, Charles
, 89
Reith, John
, 38–39, 41–42
Remain campaign
, 40, 59
Representative democracy
, 2–3, 134, 145–146
Republican Party (USA)
, 11–12, 60–61, 73–74, 105
Revelli, Marco
, 177
Right populism
, 1–2, 11, 64, 66
in Britain
, 136–138
and variations
, 24–32
Right populist interpretations of immigration
, 67–69
Right-wing populist movements
, 28
Risk society
, 174
Romania
, 108–109
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
, 83
Roosevelt, Theodore
, 83
Roper Center
, 97
Rossen, Johnny
, 82
Roszac, Theodore
, 89
Royal Bank of Scotland
, 62–63
Runciman, David
, 44
Rust Belt Vote
, 40, 61, 70, 73
Safi , Michael
, 160–161
Salvini, Matteo
, 27, 120–121
Sandbrook, Dominic
, 75–76
Sanders, Bernie
, 25–26, 77, 95, 98
Santelli, Rick
, 93
Scandinavian social democracy
, 129
Science
, 8, 49
Scottish independence
, 154
Self-actualization
, 49
Senate (USA Congress)
, 97, 103, 141, 155
Seymour, Richard
, 37–38
Shays rebellion
, 82
Silicon Valley
, 33–34
Slavery
, 91–92, 104–105, 114, 116
Small individual acts
, 162
Sniderman, Paul
, 120
Snyder, Timothy
, 102–103
Social Chapter (EU)
, 119
Social democracy
, 8–9, 23, 55–56, 141–142, 162–163
in Europe
, 52
Social Democratic Party (Germany)
, 107–108, 120–121, 162–163
Social democratic predicament
in Europe
, 128–129
Social inequality
, 6, 11, 49, 51
Social justice
, 15, 62, 183
Social media
, 32–34
effects and influence of
, 37–38
regulation
, 103–104
Social movements
, 5, 85, 92, 143, 147
Green Parties and
, 162–163
Social renewal
, 151–155
to national participatory democratic reform
, 155–158
Social stratification
, 5–7
Socialism
, 10–11, 26, 133
Socialist Workers Party of Spain (PSOE)
, 11
Solberg, Erna
, 111–112
Southern populists and progressive centre
, 83–85
Charles Wright Mills
, 86–87
(early) American New Left
, 87–88
George Wallace
, 84–85
Huey Long
, 84
monism’ as description of neo/populism
, 88–90
Soviet Union
, 43
Soyinka, Wole
, 102
Spain, left populism in
, 125–128
Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE)
, 11, 127
Spectacular act
, 32–33
Spivey, William
, 90–91
Standing, G.
, 6–7
Starmer, Keir
, 11–12, 23, 157–158
State (The)
, 4
Stengel, Frank
, 12–13, 17–18
Stereotype/stereotyping
, 7, 68–69, 75–76
Stiglitz, Joseph
, 54
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
, 87–88
Sturgeon, Nicola
, 138
Superstructure (in Marxist theory)
, 40
Supreme Court (USA)
, 65
Survival
, 173–174
Sweden
, 108, 120–121, 129
Swiss People’s Party (SVP)
, 111–112
Symbols (meanings of)
, 91–92
Syria
, 111–112, 115–116, 123
Syriza
, 126
Tamames Jorge
, 127–128
Tax Havens
, 119
Taylor, Charles
, 121–122
Tea Party Movement
, 25, 28, 93, 95
Technological revolution
, 32–34
Technology
, 174–175
Thatcher, Margaret
, 13
The American Mind (journal)
, 104–105, 124
The people (in populism)
, 19–20
The Power Elite (1956)
, 6–7, 86
Third sector
, 2, 139–140, 149–150
Third Way (The)
, 13, 76–77
Thunberg, Greta
, 162
Timothy, Nick
, 53, 55, 132, 164
Totalitarianism
, 22, 46, 88–89, 177
Trade unions
, 20–21, 78–79
Transnational corporations
, 52, 95–96, 141–142
Treaty of Maastricht (1992)
, 118
Treaty of Paris (1951)
, 118
Treaty of Rome (1957)
, 118
Troika (The)
, 126
Troubled-Asset Relief Scheme (TARPs)
, 94
Trump, Donald
, 1–2, 11, 17–18, 35–36, 95, 98
attack on capitol attempted coup
, 102–103
divisiveness of Trump and Brexit comparison
, 104–105
Eatwell and Goodwin’s, and Kaufmann’s Anti-cosmopolitanism
, 75–78
factors associated with Brexit and election of
, 60–69
frustrations and anxieties behind Brexit and Trump Votes 2016
, 72–75
interpretations of Brexit and Trump’s 2016 Election Win
, 72–78
precursors of
, 92–95
Presidential Election of 2016
, 96–98
stormng of capitol by Trump supporters and global impact
, 101–105
suspension from Twitter and freedom of speech
, 103–104
Trumpism
, 11–12, 40, 95, 102–103, 105
Trzaskowski, Rafal (Mayor of Warsaw)
, 125
Tsipras, Alexis
, 126–128
Turkey
, 112–113, 120
Twitter
, 36, 38, 103–104
UK Uncut
, 28, 144
Ukraine
, 36–37, 160–161
Ultra-liberalism
, 53–54
Umbrella movement
, 18
United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP)
, 12–13, 24–25, 61
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
, 161
United States of America
, 1, 44, 55–56, 104–105, 178–179
Universal basic income (UBI)
, 2, 149, 175
Unleadership
, 168–169
Van Dyke, Nella
, 25, 93–94
Varoufakis, Yanis
, 126, 182
Veblen, Thorstein
, 33
Venezuela
, 30
Vidal, John
, 164–165
Visegrad Group (VG)
, 123
Voluntary organisations
, 45, 149–150, 169–170
Vote Leave campaign
, 59–60
Wallace, George
, 84–85
Warren, Donald
, 85, 96
Weaponisation of water
, 160–161
Welfare state
, 131, 158, 164
White supremacy
, 73–74, 84–85, 178
White-Anglo-Saxon-Protestants (WASPs)
, 73–74
Whitty, Chris
, 170–171
Wilders, Geert
, 64–65, 120
Williams, Raymond
, 35, 48–49, 131
Wilson, Woodrow
, 83
Wine, Bobi
, 102
Winlow, Simon
, 45, 61
Wodak, Ruth
, 17–18
Wokes
, 36
Wokism
, 38
Wooldridge, Adrian
, 159–160, 167
Work
, 174–175
and leisure
, 174–175
Working class (the)
, 15, 79, 137, 158, 174, 178, 183
the labour metaphysic
, 78–79
World Bank (WB)
, 67
World Health Organisation (WHO)
, 106, 169
World Trade Centre (Attack on)
, 114
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
, 67, 70
Wright, Olin
, 10–11
Wylie, Christopher
, 39–40
Xenophobia
, 66, 110
Youth (the young)
, 14–15, 99, 180–181
Zeitgeist
, 82
Ziblatt, Daniel
, 44
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 The Crisis of Liberal Hegemony and the Populist Challenge: Terms and Context
- Chapter 2 Populism: An Introduction and the Bigger Picture
- Chapter 3 Liberalism: ‘A House Divided against Itself …’
- Chapter 4 Brexit and the 2019 Election in Britain; Trump 2016: The Nationalist Turn
- Chapter 5 Populism, Progressivism and Social Movements in the United States: Sanders, Trump and Biden
- Chapter 6 Europe: Empire and Immigration: Liberalism under Question
- Chapter 7 Populism, Social Movements and Democratic Equality in Britain
- Chapter 8 Radical Democracy: The Way Forward
- Chapter 9 Social and Political Implications of Planetary Crisis and Covid-19
- Chapter 10 Conclusion: Values and Priorities in a Reduced World: With Recommended Readings/References
- References
- Index