Index
ISBN: 978-1-78973-344-0, eISBN: 978-1-78973-343-3
Publication date: 16 September 2020
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2020), "Index", Lockwood, K. (Ed.) Mothering from the Inside, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 205-217. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-343-320201015
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020 Kelly Lockwood. Published under exclusive licences by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Abortion
, 185–186
Abruption
, 110
Absence
, 35, 72, 94, 202
Abuse
domestic
, 73, 87–88, 170–171
emotional
, 2
parental
, 20–21
physical
, 2
sexual
, 2, 130
Access
, 34, 75–76, 151, 182–183
Accommodation
, 87–88, 116–117, 190–191
Adaptive strategies
, 4, 49–50
Addiction
, 91
Adjusting (to prison life)
, 3
Adolescence
, 120
Adolescent
, 109–110
Mental Health Services
, 73
Adult
responsibilities
, 118
status
, 107
Adultery
, 188
Adulthood
markers of
, 106
transitions to
, 106
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)
, 4, 68–69, 174
Africa
, 191
Aftercare
, 87
Age. See also Chronological age
, 6–7, 50, 88–89, 183–184
Agency
, 33, 118, 202
Aggression
, 20–21, 189
Alcohol
Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT)
, 132
hazardous drinking
, 131
Alternative narrative
, 109–120
Ambiguous loss
, 20–21, 169
American prison
, 51
Analytical framework
, 19–20
Anger
, 4, 108, 169
Anonymity
, 70, 165
Antenatal
care
, 51, 151–152
depression
, 131–132
negative experiences of
, 51
Anticipatory grief
, 49–50
Anti-social behaviour
, 18–19, 166
Anxiety
, 4, 91, 135, 176–177
Apathy
, 169
Appeal
, 15, 49–50
Article 2 UNCRC
, 20
Article 3 UNCRC
, 17–18
Article 9 UNCRC
, 20
Article 12 UNCRC
, 19–20
Article 20 UNCRC
, 20
Assault Guideline
, 15–16
Assisted Prison Visits scheme
, 77–78
Attachment
attachment seeking behaviour
, 171
attachment theory
, 166
Attempted suicide
, 72
Attention seeking
, 171
Audience
, 175–176
Authentic self
, 149–150
Autonomy
, 32–33, 58, 118
Avoidance
, 169
Baby
, 5–6, 57, 91
unborn
, 53, 61, 199
Backstage
, 153–154
Bad mother
, 15, 55, 90
Bail
Bail Act 1976
, 25
bail hostels
, 164–165
Bangkok Rules
, 73
Barriers to maintaining contact
, 3
Bath
, 56
Behavioural problems
, 4, 68–69, 130
Bereavement
, 4, 68–69
Best interests of the child
, 17–18, 39–40
Biology/biological
, 2, 34–35, 188
Bipolar disorder
, 135
Birth
birth mother
, 149
birth supporter
, 51
caesarean
, 51
post birth
, 51–52
Black and minority ethnic (BAME)
, 76
Blame
, 40, 95
Body language
, 35–36
Bonding
, 97
maternal-foetal
, 51
Breach
, 25–26, 148
Breastfeed
, 56, 188
British Association of Social Workers (BASW)
, 88
British Society of Criminology’s Code of Ethics for Researchers
, 19–20
British Sociological Association’s Statement of Ethical Practice
, 19–20
Budget
, 168, 189
Bullying
, 68–69, 168
Bunk beds
, 52
Burden
, 6–7, 118, 197
Caesarean
, 51, 151–152
Canteen culture
, 153–154
Care
antenatal care
, 51, 151–152
arrangements
, 4, 18–19, 68–69
Care and Separation Units
, 176
care taking
, 32
of children
, 3–4
ethics of care
, 107
foster
, 20–21, 129–130, 192
post-natal care
, 182
provision
, 50, 116, 137
system
, 71, 75–76
Career
, 106, 146, 156
Caregiver
, 22–23, 35, 165–166
alternative
, 18–19
Carer
foster
, 20–21
primary
, 15–16, 24, 118–119
relationships
, 18–19
sole
, 25, 42–43
Case law
, 15–18, 21–22
Cell
, 25, 52, 184
Challenge
, 3, 32–33, 53–54, 89, 187
Child
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
, 73
child birth
, 133
child impact assessment
, 71
child-rearing
, 6–7, 147
developmental need
, 188
emotional need
, 35–36
psychological development
, 188
Childcare
, 58, 93
arrangements
, 73
Childcare Resettlement Leave (CRL)
, 42
Childhood
, 18–19, 175
Children
affected by parental imprisonment
, 44, 68–69, 182
Children Heard and Seen Children’s Services
, 168
dependent
, 2, 15, 25
mental health
, 113
older children
, 73, 94, 138
of prisoners
, 45, 68–69, 164, 182
younger children
, 92, 108
Children Act 1989
, 20–21
China
, 191
Chocolate
, 39–40
Choice
, 112, 193
Chronological age
, 106
Class
, 147, 168
middle class values
, 149
Clinical Assessment of Neuropsychiatry
, 132
Clothes
, 39–40
Coffee
, 39–40, 150–151, 168
Coloured pen
, 37
Comfort
, 52, 166
Communication
, 32, 50, 187
Community-Based Support
, 165
Community sentence
, 14, 70, 138–139
Compassion
, 76, 147
Complex (needs, disadvantage)
, 2, 69, 199–200
Confidence
lack of
, 74
loss of
, 94
Confounding grief
, 20–21, 73–74
Confusion
, 4, 147
Conjugal visits
, 185
Connectedness
, 51, 109–110
Consent
, 35–36, 70, 128
Construction of mothering
, 109
Contact
Childcare Resettlement Leave (CRL)
, 42
email
, 34
face-to-face
, 32–33, 34
letters, letter writing
, 32, 34, 187
maintaining
, 3, 37, 169
mother-child
, 32, 39
released on temporary licence (ROTL)
, 70
telephone
, 32–33, 38
visits (See also Family days)
, 3, 33, 41
Conviction
, 17–18, 133
Cope
, 5–6, 49–50, 73, 146
Coping
mechanism
, 91, 153
strategies
, 61, 165
Corston Report
, 2
Counsellor
, 75, 149, 167
Court
Court of Appeal
, 15, 22
Crown Court
, 5–6, 19
Magistrates Court
, 25
Supreme Court
, 22
Credit, telephone
, 34, 40
Crime
, 2, 20, 129, 184
Criminal
Criminal Bar Association
, 24
criminal courts
, 14
criminal history
, 131
Criminal Law Committee of the Law Society
, 24
Criminalisation
, 99
Criminalised mother
, 91, 95–96
Criminality
, 18–19, 91
Criminal Justice Act 2003
, 15–16
Criminal justice system
, 1–2, 14, 68–69, 175
Crown Court
judges
, 5–6, 19–20, 200–201
judiciary
, 19
Crying
, 60, 136, 169
Culpability
, 16
Culture
, 51–52, 107, 147
Custodial sentence
, 5–6, 16, 18, 88, 137
Custody
, 2, 16, 71, 90, 117
Dad in prison. See also Father
, 173–174
Damage
, 87
Danger
, 17–18, 189
Decision making
, 20, 78, 140
Defendant
, 16–17, 21, 27
Denmark
, 138, 187
Dependent children
, 5–6, 14, 18, 71
Depression
antenatal depression
, 131–132
perinatal depression
, 130
Despair
, 89
Diagnosis
, 134, 135
Diary
, 150–151
Dignity
, 58, 153
Disability. See also Learning disability
, 199–200
Disadvantage. See also Pre-existing disadvantages
, 2, 68–69, 87, 171
Discipline
, 1–2, 146, 197
Discrimination
, 20, 26, 73–74
Disruption
disrupted education
, 18–19
disrupted identity (See also Spoiled identity)
, 96
disrupted mothering
, 165
disrupted primary attachments
, 18–19
Distress
, 74, 135
Diversity
, 181–182, 199–200
Domestic abuse. See also Abuse
, 73, 87–88
Domestic legislation
, 182–183
Domestic violence
, 75–76, 129–130
Dominant narrative
, 107, 198
Doubly deviant
, 15
Dramaturgical analysis
, 147
Drugs
, 38–39, 53, 131, 184
Dumbledore
, 62
Earn(ings)
, 40
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
, 131–132
Education
disrupted education
, 18–19
educational achievement
, 114
educational attainment
, 69
Email contact
, 32, 34
Embarrassment
, 55, 74
Emotion
emotional burden
, 6–7, 147, 197
emotional labour
, 147, 159
emotional pain
, 116
emotional problems
, 169
manage
, 149
maternal
, 5–6, 61, 86
mis-manage
, 6–7, 147
Empathy
, 69, 87–88, 158–159
Envelope
, 37
Environment. See also Physical environment; Prison environment
, 3, 33, 149–150, 199
Equality. See also Gender equality
, 26
ESRC
, 24
Ethics
of care for children
, 107
ethical approval
, 35–36, 131
ethical guidelines
, 69–70
Ethnicity
, 76
Ethnography
, 200
Experience
of imprisonment
, 4, 57–58, 106
of maternal imprisonment
, 18–19, 32
post-release
, 89
Facetime
, 187
Failure
, 87–88, 91, 118, 163–164
Families Outside
, 67–68
Family
doing family
, 34–35
family court
, 20–21
family days (See also Visits)
, 33, 78, 157
Family Engagement Worker
, 75–76
family friendly
, 33, 156
family life
, 14, 35
family members
, 3–4, 32, 51
family practices
, 34–35
family relationships
, 32–33, 80
family ties
, 2, 33–34
forgotten families
, 174
pseudo families
, 60
Family days
, 33, 78, 157
Farmer review
, 2, 80
Father
, 3–4, 18–19, 95
father in prison (See also Dad in prison)
, 3–4, 68–69
Fatigue
, 169
Fear
of loss
, 5–6
of separation
, 58, 63
of violence
, 199
Female
, 6–7, 32
female prison officers
, 6–7, 151, 159
Female Offender Strategy
, 2, 33
Feminine script
, 95–96
Feminism
, 88
maternal feminism
, 88
Feminist
feminist criminology
, 88
feminist narritive
, 1–2, 106–107
Field notes
, 88–89, 150–151
Fieldwork
, 88–89, 150
Financial independence
, 106
Fines
, 14
Focus group
, 70
Food
, 53, 172
Forced silence
, 73–74
Foreign national
, 76, 184
Foster carer
, 20–21
Friend
, 33, 94
Friendship
, 165–166
Frontal lobe disorder
, 135
Frustration
, 56, 151, 176–177
Gatekeepers
, 3, 32
Gender
bias
, 169–170
equality
, 26
specific issues
, 3
Gendered
division
, 153
empathy
, 158–159
expectations
, 107
experiences
, 6–7, 147
pains of imprisonment
, 118, 197–199
Germany
, 138, 140
Girl Scouts Behind Bars programme
, 190–191
Gladstone Committee
, 147
Global
, 177–178, 181–182
Good mother
, 15, 60, 87–88, 107, 198
Good mothering
, 15, 90–91, 107
Good womanhood
, 60
Governor
, 35–36, 156
Grandchild
, 93, 111, 169
Grandfather
, 35
Grandmother
carer
, 73–74
grandmotherhood
, 93
role
, 94
Grandparents
, 42–43, 114–115, 173–174
maternal
, 3–4
Grief. See also Anticipatory grief
, 20–21, 49–50, 68–69
Guardian
, 149
Guardian ad Litem
, 20–21
Guilt
, 74, 89, 111, 176–177
Handcuffs
, 54, 185, 201
Harm
potential
, 25, 41
significant harm
, 16
Harry Potter
, 62
Headache
, 169
Health
care
, 131, 185–186
health promotion
, 182
mental
, 6–7, 69, 127–128
neonatal
, 182
outcomes
, 50–51
paediatric
, 182
perinatal
, 56
physical
, 4
pregnancy
, 6–7
problems
, 41
risk
, 130
Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS)
, 24, 108–109
HMP Buckley Hall
, 164, 176–177
HMP Styal
, 164–165
Home
, 2, 38, 68–69, 90
Home leave
, 78, 183–184
Homelessness
, 108–109, 186–187
Hopefulness
, 18–19
Hopeless
, 87–88
Housing
, 117, 164–165
Humanity
, 56
Human rights
, 14
Human Rights Act 1998
, 20
Humiliation
, 55, 56
Humour
black humour
, 153–154
humour as a coping mechanism
, 153–154
humour gallows
, 153–154
Hunger
, 53
Husband
, 92–93, 158
Identity
adult
, 106
maternal
, 5–6, 86, 95–97
reclaim
, 114
spoiled
, 95–97
Immediate imprisonment
, 14
Impact
of imprisonment
, 15–16, 86, 197
long term impact
, 86
of maternal imprisonment
, 4, 18–19, 86
of parental imprisonment
, 4
of prison on family
, 35–36
Imprisonment
gendered pains of
, 118, 197
life
, 110–111
long term impact (See also Long term effect)
, 86
pains of
, 14–15, 63, 197–199
In-cell telephone
, 34
Inconsistency
, 50, 130
Informed consent
, 88, 132
Intensive mothering
, 107, 118
International perspectives
, 6–7, 181–182
Interview
narrative
, 150–151
qualitative
, 132
semi-structured
, 19, 32–33
telephone
, 88–89
Invisible
, 5–6, 67–68, 147, 189
Isolation. See also Social isolation
, 59–60, 129
Joint Committee on Human Rights
, 14, 80
Journey
, 40–41
Judgement
, 17–18, 91, 166
Judges
Crown Court
, 5–6, 19–20, 200–201
magistrates
, 25, 74
Judicial College
, 24
Judiciary
, 24–25
Judicial Office
, 19–20
Kindness
, 147, 177
Labelling
, 175
Labour
, 149, 202
induction of
, 51
Landline telephone
, 38
Language
body language
, 35–36
labelling
, 175
negative
, 74
power of
, 174–175
Law
, 1–2, 15–18, 21–22, 185–186
Learning disability
, 199–200
Legal representative
, 24
Letters
, 34, 86, 187
Letter writing
, 32, 43, 187
Licence
, 25–26, 97–98
Life imprisonment
, 110–111
Local authority care
, 2, 22–23, 76
Lone working
, 167
Long-term
, 68–69, 86, 137
impact of imprisonment
, 86
Lord Farmer. See also Farmer review
, 2, 33
Loss
baby
, 56–57
children
, 14–15
identity
, 169
Magistrates
association
, 24
court
, 17–18, 25
Maintaining contact. See also Barriers to maintaining contact
, 3, 5–6, 34–35, 37, 169
Male-dominated
, 147, 148–149, 200
Male prisoners
, 2, 3, 87, 181–182, 185
HIV
, 189
Mandela, Nelson
, 62
Marginalise
marginalised groups
, 121, 166–167
marginalised mothers
, 90–91
Masculine organisations
, 148
Maternal
emotion
, 5–6, 61–63, 86, 91, 99
expectations, violation of
, 108
grandparents
, 3–4
identity
, 5–6, 86–89, 95–97
imprisonment, long term effects
, 5–6, 18–19, 32, 36–37, 80, 86, 89–95, 190
relationships
, 51, 198
theory
, 88
Maternity leave
, 156
Matricentric feminist criminology
, 88
Mattress
, 52, 53–54
Mature, maturity
, 94, 107
Media. See also Social media
, 42–43, 69–70, 74
Mental health
child and adolescent mental
, 73
diagnosis
, 135
health services
, 73, 131, 154
Mental ill health
of children
, 139
perinatal mental health
, 130
poor mental health
, 69
undiagnosed
, 137
untreated
, 137
Mentor. See also Neutral positioned mentor
, 165–170, 198–199
Method
, 5–6, 15–16, 35–37, 131–132, 193
Methodology
, 19–21, 51–52, 69–70, 88–89, 150–151
Midwife
, 133
Midwifery
, 51–52, 59, 63
Military
, 146
Milk
, 53
Minister for Women in the Criminal Justice System
, 14
Ministry of Justice
, 2, 14, 33, 80, 128–130, 170–171
Miscarriage
, 6–7, 147, 151–152, 200
Mitigate
, 15, 22, 40, 75–76, 202
Mitigating factors
, 21
Mitigating motherhood
, 19
Mitigation
, 15–16, 21
Mobile telephone
, 34, 38, 45, 187
Money
, 38–41, 118–119, 173–174
Moral
, 55, 117, 178, 188, 202–203
Moral imperatives
, 107, 201–202
Mother(s)
addicted
, 91
bad
, 23–24
biological
, 193
criminalised
, 95–96
definitions
, 1–2
good
, 111, 192
institutional definitions
, 3
marginalised
, 90–91, 156
mother and baby unit (MBU)
admissions
, 133–135
applications
, 133–135
mother-child contact
, 5–6
neglectful
, 202
norms
, 95
in prison
, 154–156
self-identified
, 35, 36–37
Mother and baby unit (MBU)
, 49–51, 58, 91–92, 128–129
Motherhood
constructions of
, 107
cultural significance of
, 201–202
meanng of
, 198
new
, 51, 62–63
responsibilities
, 15
script
, 95–96
transition to
, 111–112
Mothering
bad
, 200–201
code of conduct
, 95–96, 198
cultural significance of
, 201–202
disrupted
, 107, 116
disruption of
, 197, 198
doing
, 147–149
good
, 15, 202
hierarchies
, 156, 200–201
identity, positive mothering
, 34–35, 108, 114, 197
ideology
, 200–201
intensive
, 60, 107–108, 111, 118
narratives
, 107, 199
practices
, 158, 198
responsibilities
, 3, 187
role
, 54, 57–58, 110
success
, 114
Motherwork
, 108, 112–116, 121, 202
Multiple (needs, disadvantage)
, 2, 63, 69
Narrative. See also Stories
alternative
, 41–43
analysis
, 109
dominant narrative
, 107, 114, 118, 198
Narrativity
, 106
National Lottery Community Fund
, 67–68
National Offender Management Service (NOMS)
, 33, 52, 89, 150
National Probation Service
, 17, 24
National Research Council
, 35–36
National Research Ethics Service
, 131
Needs. See also Complex needs
, 2, 35–36, 50, 53, 87, 94, 111–112, 167, 199–200
Neo-liberal politics
, 158
Netherlands
, 18–19, 138–139, 188–189
Neurotic disorders
, 130, 132
Neutral positioned mentor. See also Mentor
, 165–170, 165
New York
, 139–140, 190–191
Non-custodial sentence
, 17–18
Non-judgemental
, 166
Northern Ireland
, 166
Nutrition
, 52, 186–187, 199
Nutritional standards
, 53
Observation
, 56, 150–151, 159
Offender Health Research Network
, 130
Offender Rehabilitation Act 2014 (ORA)
, 25–26
Offending
behavior
, 72, 87–88
re-offending
, 33
Older children
, 73, 94, 97, 138, 167–168
Open prison
, 3, 138
Outcomes
, 1–2, 15, 39–40, 50–51, 89, 114, 130, 198–199
Out of court disposals
, 14
Outpatient treatment
, 135
Outsider
, 90
‘Overarching Principles: Seriousness: Definitive Guideline'
, 15–16, 16–17
Overcrowding
, 189
Pains of imprisonment
, 14–15, 63, 98–99, 118, 146, 197–199
Paranoia
, 91
Parent
parent-child relationships
, 106
single parent
, 170–171
Parenthood
, 34–35, 111–112
Parliament
, 14
Participants
, 35–36, 43, 56, 72, 88–89, 109, 132, 133
Partners of Prisoners Support (POPS)
, 71, 75–76
Passive victim. See also Victim
, 202–203
Paternal
abuse
, 192
figure
, 188–189
imprisonment
, 190
Peer support
, 165, 170–174, 198–199
Pen, coloured pen
, 37, 43–44
Performance
, 149–150, 149
Perinatal
experience
, 51
mental health
, 130, 131
Personality disorder
, 130, 132, 136, 138, 140
Person-Shaped Support (PSS)
, 70
Physical abuse
, 146–147, 151–152, 190
Physical environment
, 52–54, 189, 202
Physical health
, 4
Physical ill-health
, 68–69
Pilot study
, 19
Pink collar
, 147–148
Policy change
, 15
Post-birth
, 51–52
Post custodial support
, 86
Post custody supervision
, 25–26
Post-natal care
, 182
Post-partum
, 151–152
Post-release
, 26, 52, 86–88, 90–92, 99, 164–165, 177
Post-traumatic stress disorder
, 135
Potential harm
, 25–26, 41, 112
Potential risk
, 53–54, 202
Poverty
, 69, 73, 75–76, 184, 186–187, 191, 199
Power. See Powerlessness
, 54, 90, 165–166, 171–172, 174–175, 189, 192, 202
Practical support
, 87–88, 116–118, 163–165
Practitioner-researcher
, 165
Pre-existing disadvantages
, 73, 75–76
Pre-existing secure attachments
, 18–19
Pregnancy test
, 128
Pregnant
, 5–6, 17, 53, 131, 151–154, 185, 199, 201
Premature death
, 68–69
Presentation of self
, 149–150, 154
Pre-sentence report
, 24, 71
Primary carer. See also Carer; Primary carer; Sole carer
, 16–17, 22, 36, 119–120
Prison
American prison
, 51
impact on family
, 16, 17–18, 20
neo-liberal penal policies
, 150–151
open prison
, 3, 138
prison environment
, 35–36, 53, 156–157, 191–192
prison estate
, 3–4, 6–7, 60
prison governor
, 35–36
prison landings
, 146–148
prison leavers
, 108–109
prison officer
career
, 106, 148–149, 156
female prison officers
, 146–147, 149, 151, 158–159
frontline
, 150–151
male prison officers
, 6–7, 147, 158–159
modern prison officer
, 146
role, gendered nature of
, 153
senior prison officer
, 151
working life of
, 147–149
prison policy
, 106, 109, 122
prison population
, 2
prison reform trust
, 136–137
prison regime
, 34
prison service order
, 42, 63
prison staff
, 185
prison violence
, 2, 146, 199
prison visits
, 32, 78, 167
prison wings
, 51–52, 146, 154
semi-open prison
, 183–184
women's prisons
, 3, 147–148, 176
Prisoner
children of
, 177
foreign national
, 76, 184, 199–200
male prisoner
, 2–3, 87
minimum standards for
, 182–183
violent prisoner
, 149–150
Private visits
, 185
Probation officer
, 24, 98
Promotion
, 148–149, 156
Property
, 116–117
Pro-social pathway
, 18–19
Protected characteristic
, 19
Protective factors
, 18–19
Pseudo families
, 60
Pseudonyms
, 36
Psychology
, 163–164
Punishment
, 17–18, 174
Purposive sample
, 35–36
Quaker United Nations Office
, 182
Qualitative interviews
, 132
Quantitative
, 131–132
Questionnaire
, 69–70, 88–89, 131
Race
, 106
Rape
, 185
Reading
, 62, 167, 187
Recall
, 25–26, 90, 111–112
Reception
, 76
Recidivism
, 34, 129, 140
Recorders
, 19–20
Recruitment
, 36–37
Regime (prison)
, 34, 136–137, 147, 192
Rehabilitation
, 86, 106, 198
Reintegration
, 87–88, 98
Relapse
, 91
Relationships
breakdown
, 120
with carer of children
, 24
with children
, 164–165, 177, 201
familial
, 120
negotiating
, 53
parent-child relationships
, 201
positive
, 59, 77, 164–165, 168
with prison staff
, 5–6
rebuilding
, 177
strained
, 3
Release
, 1–2, 26, 87–88, 164–165, 169, 177, 185–186, 192
Release on temporary license (ROTL)
, 70, 76, 98
Relief
, 69, 173
Remand
, 25–26, 184
Re-offending
, 33
Reparation
, 54
Research Ethics Framework
, 19–20
Resentment
, 155
Resettlement
resettlement agency
, 33, 44, 122
resettlement support
, 87–88
Resilience
, 79, 174–176, 202–203
Resistance
, 153, 197
Respect, respectable
, 88, 149, 153, 155
Restraining
, 148
Reunification
, 86–88, 106
Revolving door
, 33, 165
Risk. See also Health risk; Potential risk
, 21, 53–54, 69, 127–128, 137, 139, 148–149, 168, 189
Risk factors
, 18–19, 131
Role reversal
, 6–7, 107, 116–120
Russia
, 190
Sacrifice
, 37, 39–43, 188
Sadness
, 78, 151, 154, 174
Safeguarding
, 24, 27, 174–175
Safety
, 52, 56, 129, 171, 188
Sample
purposive
, 35–36
sampling
, 19–20, 35–36
Scared Straight
, 156–157
Scare tactic
, 156–157
School
, 20–21, 68–69, 72, 78, 164, 168, 173, 190
Scotland
, 51, 70, 71
Search, searching
, 169–170
Secrecy
, 78–79
Secretary of State
, 17–18, 34
Security
, 34, 38, 78–79, 176, 183–184, 198
Self
authentic self
, 149–150
presentation of self
, 149–150, 154, 159
self-blame
, 108
self-harm
, 116, 136, 201
self-worth
, 98–99
semi-structured interview
, 19, 32–33, 88–89
Sense of self
, 5–6, 116, 121, 202
Sentence
length
, 14, 21
short sentences
, 78–79
Sentencing
decision-making
, 20, 78, 140, 182–183
sentencing guidelines
, 15–18, 22–23, 25
sentencing guidelines council
, 15–16
sentencing policy
, 127–128
Separation
from baby
, 5–6
at birth
, 49–50
from child
, 56–57
fear of
, 199
negative effects
, 22–23
Severe (needs, disadvantage)
, 199–200
Severity of Dependence Questionnaire (SOD-Q)
, 132
Sexual abuse. See also Abuse
, 2, 130
Sexual exploitation
, 184, 188
Sexual violence. See also Abuse
, 185
Shame
, 171–173, 200–202
Shock
, 73, 76
Short sentences
, 78–79
Siblings
, 20–21, 73, 118–119
Significant harm
, 16
Silence. See also Forced silence
, 73–74
Single parent
, 170–171
Skype
, 187
Sleep
sleep deprivation
, 189
sleep loss
, 169
Smoking
, 40
Snowball sampling
, 19–20
Social exclusion
, 95–96
Social housing
, 164–165
Social isolation
, 74
Social media
, 69–70
Social support
, 191–192
Social visits
, 33, 39
Social worker
, 71, 77–78, 88, 129–130, 138, 149, 175–176
Socioeconomic status
, 106, 190
Sole carer. See also Primary carer
, 25, 42–43
Sounding board
, 166, 166
Special Educational Needs Co-ordinator (SENCO)
, 169
Spoiled identity. See also Disrupted identity
, 95–96
Stamp
, 38
Statistics
, 3, 49–50
Stigma
, 166–168, 174–175, 190, 200–202
Stigmatisation. See also Stigma
, 197, 200
Stories. See also Narratives
, 52, 97, 165, 174, 178
Storybooks Mum
, 34
Storytelling
, 107, 109, 121
Strategies
, 5–6, 60–62, 165, 190, 202
Strength
, 6–7, 61, 114
Stress
, 5–6, 56–57, 130, 137–138, 153, 168, 198
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
, 132
Struggle
, 32–33, 69, 108, 166
Student
, 167, 168
Substance
dependency
, 69
misuse
, 75–76, 87–88, 91, 120, 131
Suffering
, 116, 135, 151
Sugar
, 40
Suicide attempts
, 131, 134, 136
Supervision
, 25–26, 94
Support
bespoke
, 167–168, 170–171, 173
emotional
, 108–109, 113, 164–165
financial
, 6–7, 33, 77–78, 116, 121
practical
, 87–88, 116–118, 163–165
professional
, 1–2
Supreme Court
, 22
Surveillance
, 56, 90–93
Suspended sentences
, 14
Sympathy
, 169
Teacher
, 169, 171
Teenager
, 73
Telephone
contact
, 33–34, 38
credit
, 34, 40, 45
in-cell
, 34
interviews
, 88–89
landline
, 38–39
mobile
, 38
Thematic analysis
, 109
Theme
, 166, 183–184, 202
Therapy
, 113–114, 165–166
Throughcare
, 87
Tobacco
, 40
Toilet
, 53–54
Toiletries
, 39–40, 189
Total institution
, 146, 158–159
Transcribe
, 36
Transcripts
, 109, 151
Transfer
, 188
Transitions to adulthood. See also Adulthood
, 106, 109–112
Transparency
, 78, 157, 173, 185–186
Trauma
, 2, 87–88, 128–129, 139, 153–154, 155, 166, 191
Trust
, 75, 150–151, 168
lack of trust
, 71, 76–77, 91–92
Uganda
, 183–184, 191
Unborn
baby
, 49–50, 53–54, 61–63, 199, 202
child
, 51, 53, 130, 136, 139
Uniform
, 146, 149–150, 157
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989
, 20–21
Article 2
, 20
Article 3
, 17–18
Article 9
, 20
Article 12
, 19–20
Article 20
, 20
United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders 2010
, 73
Victim
, 16, 22–23, 69, 129–130, 174–175, 190, 202–203
Victimisation. See also Victim
, 68–69
Vignettes
, 19
Violence. See also Abuse; Domestic abuse; Domestic violence
, 53, 68–69, 129–130, 146, 185
fear of violence
, 199
violence in the home
, 154, 158
Visiting conditions
, 3
Visits
assisted prison visits scheme
, 77–78
conjugal
, 185
family days
, 33, 78–79, 157
private
, 185
social
, 33
Voluntary organisations
, 70
Volunteers
, 70, 167
Vulnerable
children
, 75–76, 188
women
, 2
Wage
, 34, 40, 147–148
Welfare
, 17–18, 22, 77, 129
Well-being
, 53–54, 63, 71, 112, 153–154, 182, 190, 202
Welsh Government
, 108–109
Western
, 182, 184, 192–193
Wife
, 41, 93–94, 149–150
Wings
, 34, 146, 154
Womanhood. See also Good womanhood
, 60
Women In prison
, 14, 36–37, 51, 54, 128–129, 130, 137, 147, 182–183, 184
Women's centres
, 24–25, 87
Women's prisons
, 3, 76, 147–148, 149, 176
Workplace
male dominated
, 147, 148–149, 156, 200
masculinised
, 148–149
World Health Organisation (WHO)
, 182
Worry
, 3–4, 98, 113, 134–135, 166, 190
Young
motherhood
, 86
mothers
, 149
women
, 91
Younger children
, 92, 107, 111, 117, 121
- Prelims
- Introduction: Mothering from the Inside
- Part I From Sentence to Resettlement: Experiences of Maternal Imprisonment
- Chapter 1 The Importance of Motherhood in Sentencing Decisions
- Chapter 2 Maintaining Family Ties: How Family Practices Are Renegotiated to Promote Mother–Child Contact
- Chapter 3 Negotiating Pregnancy, New Motherhood and Imprisonment
- Chapter 4 ‘What About Me?’ The Impact on Children when Mothers Are Involved in the Criminal Justice System
- Chapter 5 ‘A Life Sentence’: The Long-term Impact of Maternal Imprisonment
- Part II From the Margins to the Centre: Diverse Perspectives of Mothering and Imprisonment
- Chapter 6 The Ties That Bind: Stories of Women in Prison Who Are Mothers to Older Adult Children
- Chapter 7 Pregnancy in Prison, Mental Health and Alternative Approaches
- Chapter 8 The Gendered Nature of Prison Work: Empathy, Mothering and Emotions of Female Officers in a Women's Prison
- Chapter 9 Practical Support for Children with a Mother in Prison: Reflections from a Practitioner
- Chapter 10 International Perspectives on Mothering and Imprisonment
- Conclusion: Moving Forward
- Index