Index
Entrepreneurship and Development in the 21st Century
ISBN: 978-1-78973-234-4, eISBN: 978-1-78973-233-7
Publication date: 15 April 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2019), "Index", Sergi, B.S. and Scanlon, C.C. (Ed.) Entrepreneurship and Development in the 21st Century (Lab for Entrepreneurship and Development), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 241-248. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-233-720191014
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” with numbers indicate footnotes.
Accredited investor
, (see Qualified investors)
Advertising Law
, 201, 202n10
Agricultural Bank of China
, 35n5
Airbnb
, 240
Ajzen’s model
, 53
Alibaba
, 194, 198–200, 208, 211, 222, 224
Alibaba/PWC Project
, 223–224
blockchain
, 224
Aliexpress
, 198–199
Alliance of Credit and Savings for Production
, 148
Amazon
, 175
distribution of ratings on
, 241
and rating systems
, 232
Vine program
, 232
American entrepreneurs
, 82
American Research and Development Foundation
, 168
Angel financing
, 163
scale
, 166
VC vs.,
, 168
Angel investors
, 163
measures of “sophistication”
, 164
qualified investor criteria
, 164–166
qualified investors
, 163–164
significance of business angels
, 163
Anonymity
, 172
effect on likelihood to review
, 236–237
Anti-unfair Competition Law
, 201
Artificial intelligence
, 221–222
Attitudes
to entrepreneurial behavior
, 53–54
toward MFIs
, 152–153
Average Treatment on the Treated (ATT)
, 126
B2B marketplaces
, 191–192
B2C marketplaces
, 191–192
Baidu
, 194, 222
positioning
, 193n2
search volume
, 214–218
Balancing property
, 117
Bank of China
, 35n5
“Big 4” state-owned banks
, 35–36
Bitcoin
, 175, 178, 181
BitMarkets
, 232
Black-market rate
, 41
Blockchain technology
, 194, 222–223
Borrowing decisions, collectivism on
, 154–155
BTL retailing
, 194
Business
angels
, 163
creation
, 1
planning component
, 49, 57
“Byol”
, 41–42
Cainiao logistic network
, 200, 223
Capeltic coffee shops
, 106
Capital markets
, 162–163
Cargos
, 112
“Cash-out” for investors
, 169
Chiapas (coffee-producing states of Mexico)
, 106–107
social capital types in
, 111–112
China
consumers
, 192
digital ecosystem
, 209
e-revolution
, 194
Ecommerce Industry
, 194–197
main micro-blogging website
, 193
middle class
, 209–210
State-controlled funds
, 199
China Construction Bank
, 35n5
China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)
, 204, 225
“Choson Exchange”
, 38
Coffee
, 104
cooperatives
, 105–108, 113–114, 125, 129
crisis
, 113
paradox
, 104
value chain
, 105
Collectivism on microfinance in Senegal
basic theoretical framework
, 143–145
case study of microfinance in Senegal
, 148–155
empirical strategy
, 141–142
ethnographic research question
, 159
ethnographic strategy
, 142–143
Mamadou B*’s microloan contact
, 160
methodology
, 141
relationship between collectivism and microfinance
, 145–148
theoretical framework
, 141
Collectivist culture
, 147
cultural norms
, 140, 152
Community
community-based trust
, 180–181
involvement
, 87
support
, 86
Comprehensive Economic Development growth plan
, 94
Conceptual approaches
, 208–209
Conditional independence assumption
, 117
Consumer behavior
challenges to existing pilot testing
, 224–225
China’s Ecommerce Industry
, 194–197
conceptual approaches
, 208–209
Ecommerce as governmental interest
, 197–200
empirical analysis of regulatory effects on
, 210–221
existing blockchain technologies
, 221–224
online shoppers in China and internet users
, 195–196
penetration rate of internet users
, 196
profiling techniques
, 210
regulations and governmental agenda
, 201–205
impact of safety concerns to
, 205–208
shaping
, 192
Consumer Protection Law
, 201–203
Cooperative impact evaluation results
, 130
income
, 133–134
market access
, 133
price per kilo
, 130, 133–134
propensity-score matching
, 130, 133
Cooperative membership
, 107
Cooperative movement
, 113
Cooperative participation determinants
, 117, 126
demographic characteristics
, 126–128
descriptive statistics of independent variables
, 118–119
individual social capital
, 128–129
log of course count
, 123
matching quality test
, 121
time to population center
, 122
village social capital
, 129–130
Coordination for illicit drugs
, 177–181
offline drug market
, 177–178
online drug market
, 178–179
Coyotes
, 106, 123
Credit Mutuel du Senegal
, 149
Criminal organizations
, 176
Cross-border commerce
, 209
Cross-country data analysis
, 141
Cryptomarkets
, 172–173
administrators
, 177
hierarchies, markets, and networks for coordinating
, 175–177
for illicit drugs
, 173–175
Narco-entrepreneurs
, 181–184
trust, reciprocity, and coordination of markets for illicit drugs
, 177–181
Cultural/culture
, 74
collectivism
, 144
component
, 82–84
teachings
, 87
tension
, 86
Customer
customer-driven business
, 184
information
, 202
service
, 206–207
“Cyber Silk Road”
, 199
Cybercrime
, 174
Daigou (Chinese personal shoppers)
, 207n17, 216
Dark net
, 175
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s model (DPRK’s model)
, 34
banking system
, 40
challenges in adopting innovation and entrepreneurship initiatives
, 41–42
China–DPRK trade volume
, 37
“Donju” in economic development
, 40–41
entrepreneurs and innovation for achieving national goals
, 38–39
entrepreneurship and innovation in DPRK’s financial sector
, 39–41
estimated year-to-year GDP growth of North Korea despite sanctions
, 35
GDP capita per USD between North and South Korea
, 36
North Korea’s major trading partners
, 36
nuclear ambitions or economic development
, 34–37
sustainability of simultaneous pursuits
, 42–43
Demographic
approaches
, 51
characteristics with cooperative participation
, 126–128
Denuclearization
, 41
Department of Commerce (DOC)
, 73
Developed countries
, 4–6, 18
economic growth in
, 9
Developing countries
, 6
economic growth in
, 14
strategic priorities in
, 22
DHgate
, 198
DICONSA (rural food store program)
, 112, 120
“Digital Free Trade Zone” in Malaysia
, 198–199
Diné (Navajo)
, 75
demographics
, 70
economic development
, 70
Diné entrepreneur(ship)
, 69–70, 87
including and communicating with
, 97
bureaucracy
, 95
community support
, 86
cultural component
, 82–84
cultural teachings
, 87
cultural tension
, 86
culture
, 74
economy
, 71–74
family experience
, 80
governmental experience
, 80
Hózhó ~ balance
, 84–85
implications
, 98–99
improving access to funding and financing
, 96
individual entrepreneur
, 82
individualism
, 87
interviewees
, 76–77
investment in current and future
, 97–98
market gap
, 80–81
Navajo consumer
, 91
Navajo government
, 91–93
Navajo Nation government
, 70–71
networks
, 90–91
off-reservation competition
, 91
outside experience
, 79–80
personal characteristics of
, 89
political agenda
, 94
problem solvers
, 88–90
recognizing and understanding
, 97
recommendations
, 99–100
requirement for education
, 95–96, 98
resilience
, 85–86
respondents
, 93–94
results
, 77–79
significance of research
, 76
startup costs
, 81
statement of problem
, 75–76
support services
, 98
supporting local governments and institutions
, 96–97
traditional involvement
, 88
traditional sectors
, 81–82
unsupportive attitude
, 94
Direct listing
, 169
Division of Economic Development (DED)
, 72–73
“Donju” in DPRK’s economic development
, 40–41
eBay
, 175, 233, 240
Ecommerce
, 191, 194
as governmental interest
, 197–200
public–private investments in
, 199–200
Xi Jinping’s Stance on
, 198–199
Ecommerce Law
, 201
Economic growth
, 4
characteristics
, 5
in developed countries
, 9
in developing countries
, 14
and integration processes in entrepreneurship
, 7–20
perspectives of quality by integration processes in entrepreneurship
, 20–24
quality
, 6
recommendations for accelerating quality by integration processes
, 24–27
Economic/economy
development strategies
, 81
of Diné
, 71–74
disparity
, 75–76
theory
, 108, 141
EcoSenegal
, 154
Ejido system
, 110
Eleventh Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party
, 199
Empirical strategy
, 141–142
ENHRUM program
, 117
Entrepreneurial finance
, 161–162
valuation in
, 169
Entrepreneurial intentions (EIs)
, 48, 52
contextual and environmental factors
, 59–61
exogenous factors
, 56–57
of individual in Asian Countries
, 53–54
literature review
, 50–54
perceived motivators and barriers
, 60–61
Entrepreneurs/entrepreneurial/entrepreneurship
, (see also Narco-entrepreneurs), 1, 47–48, 72, 82–84, 98–99, 141, 150–151, 162, 165, 167, 169
for achieving national goals
, 38–39
challenges in adopting innovation and
, 41–42
clustering of
, 26
courses
, 54
for Diné people
, 76
in DPRK’s financial sector
, 39–41
economic growth and integration processes in
, 7–20
education
, 48
event model
, 52
graduates
, 54–58
integration
, 5
as intentional, planned behavior
, 52–53
limitation of independent
, 24
literature review
, 4–5
macroeconomic consequences of integration
, 4
model
, 5–7
as natural behavior
, 50–51
optimization of integration processes in
, 6
personality
, 51
perspectives of quality of economic growth
, 20–24
recommendations for accelerating quality of economic growth
, 24–27
on reservation
, 99
restraining mergers and acquisitions in
, 25
solid foundation on
, 38
spectrum of
, 86
ventures
, 49, 60
Entrepreneurship and Development in 21st Century
, 1–2
Entrepreneurship education
, 54, 59
exogenous factors
, 56–57
research on nature, impact, and effect
, 55
school entrepreneurial education programs in Asian Countries
, 57–58
Entrepreneurship education programs (EEPs)
, 49, 55, 57
Face-to-face trades
, 172
Fair trade movement
, 105, 108–110
Fair trade premium
, 108–109
Feedback
mechanisms
, 240
observations on usefulness and prevalence
, 233
Financial
contracts
, 162
investor
, 168
market conditions
, 162–163
services
, 141
system
, 37, 40
Financing entrepreneurship evolution
Angel investors
, 163–167
exit strategies for early-stage investors
, 169
history of VC
, 168–169
valuation in entrepreneurial finance
, 169
VC and private equity
, 166–167
Food Safety Law
, 201, 207
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
, 37
GDP per capita
, 5, 9, 28, 145, 148
in constant prices
, 13
individualism vs.
, 146
regression dependence
, 11, 13, 17
Gross added value
, 8–9, 13
GDP per capita on structural elements of
, 17
GDP per capita on volume of
, 11
index of innovational development on volume of
, 12, 18
structure
, 14
yearly growth rate of GDP in constant prices on volume of
, 10, 16
Group-borrowing system
, 150
Harmonized Code System (HS code system)
, 200
Hazard Analysis of ingredients and factory inspection
, 204
Hedge funds
, 163
Helpfulness scores
, 234
user review
, 235
HFG Law & Intellectual Property
, 202
Hi-tech entrepreneurs
, 182
Hózhó ~ balance
, 84–85
IBM/Wal-mart/Jd. com/Tsinghua Project
, 222–223
Illicit drugs, cryptomarkets for
, 173–175
Import Taxation Regulation
, 200
Index Funds
, 169
Individual entrepreneur
, 82
Individual social capital
, 128–129
Individualism
, 87, 145
Geert Hofstede’s Index of
, 141
Individualistic cultures
, 147
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
, 35n5
Infant formula
consumers
, 206
industry within Alibaba’s C2C and B2C marketplaces
, 212–214
registrations
, 204–205
stimuli of infant formula buyers
, 205
Information
and consultation measure
, 26
parsimony
, 176
technology
, 177
Innovation
for achieving national goals
, 38–39
challenges in adopting innovation and entrepreneurship initiatives
, 41–42
in DPRK’s financial sector
, 39–41
innovational networks of companies
, 26
network
, 6
OECD defining
, 40
Intangible/Soft Assets
, 162
Integration processes in entrepreneurship
, (see also Entrepreneurship), 6, 24
economic growth and
, 7–20
optimization
, 21, 23
perspectives of quality of economic growth by
, 20–24
recommendations for accelerating quality of economic growth
, 24–27
Intellectual Property Protection platform
, 208
Interaction with practice component
, 49, 57
Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)
, 34
International Coffee Agreement (1989)
, 104
International Coffee Organization
, 109
International Monetary Fund (2016)
, 148
Internet Content Provider license (ICP license)
, 192n1
Islamic microfinance (2012)
, 149
JD
, 193–194, 211, 224
Kaesong Industrial Complex
, 37
Kedougou region
, 143
Kuaijingtong
, 200
Kuajinggou
, 200
Lab for Entrepreneurship and Development (LEAD)
, 2
Licensing and registrations
, 201
Liuzhou
, 217n27
Loan amount comparison
, 145
individualism vs. average loan amount
, 146
individualism vs. GDP per capita
, 146
regression results
, 147
Made in China 2025
, 199, 222
Mamadou B*’s microloan contact (translated into english)
, 160
Marketing storytelling
, 209
Marketplaces
, 197, 202, 232
Markets
, 176
capitalization
, 164
gap
, 80–81
Matching quality test
, 121
Memorandum of Understandings (MOUs)
, 208
Merging and acquisitions (M&A)
, 6, 8, 14, 199
Mexican ejido system
, 117
Microfinance
, 140, 145
loan amount comparison
, 145, 146, 147
loan term comparison
, 145, 147–148
Microfinance in Senegal
, 140–141
attitudes toward MFIs
, 152–153
case study of
, 148
collectivism on borrowing decisions
, 154–155
current landscape of
, 148–149
microcredit
, 149–152
structure of
, 149
Microfinance institutions (MFIs)
, 140
attitudes toward
, 152–153
Microloans
, 141
borrowing decisions
, 140–141
Microsavings
, 149–152
Narco-entrepreneurs
, (see also Entrepreneurs/entrepreneurial/entrepreneurship), 181
hi-tech entrepreneurs
, 182
identity
, 182–183
non-violent crime
, 183
quality service and customer-driven business
, 184
National-level Regulations
, 201–203
Navajo
consumer
, 91
culture
, 88
economic growth
, 72
government
, 91–93
Navajo Nation
, 70
government
, 70–71
Navajo Nation Business Opportunity Act
, 73
Navajo Nation Code (NNC)
, 72–74
Navajo Nation DED (NN DED)
, 94
Navajo Nation Tax Commission (NNTC)
, 73
Networks in Diné entrepreneurship
, 90–91
Non-violent crime
, 183
North Korea
, 34
estimated year-to-year GDP growth of North Korea despite sanctions
, 35
GDP capita per USD between South Korea and
, 36
major trading partners
, 36
Off-reservation
, 75
competition
, 91
Offline drug dealing organizations
, 183
Offline drug markets
, 172
“One Belt and One Road” policy (OBOR policy)
, 198–199
One-Child Policy
, 206
Online drug markets
, 172
Online to offline (O2O)
, 194
Open-Up Policy
, 195
OpenBazaar
, 232
Orange Money
, 151
Orascom Telecom and Media Technology
, 41–42
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 40
Partnership for Mobilizing Savings and Credit in Senegal
, 148
Peer to peer technologies (P2P technologies)
, 231
Personal-based trust
, 180
Personality theory, reliance on
, 51
“Pilot Cities for Cross-border E-commerce Import” project
, 199–200
Pilot testing, challenges to existing
, 224–225
Political agenda in Diné entrepreneurship
, 94
PRC Food Safety Standards
, 202
Price Law of the PRC, The
, 201
Private equity
, 166–167
firms
, 167
Product Quality Law
, 201
Progresa/Oportunidades program
, 125
Propensity
to act
, 52–53
score
, 116–117
Propensity-score matching (PSM)
, 117, 126, 129, 132, 134
Public–Private Investments in Ecommerce
, 199–200
Public–private partnership (PPP)
, 198, 200, 221
Punk capitalism
, 183
Pyongyang University of Science & Technology (PUST)
, 38
Qualified investor criteria
, 164–166
Quality
, 5
service
, 184
Quick response (QR)
, 193
codes
, 224
R&D investments
, 221–222
Red Capitalism
, 72
Renewable energy resources
, 81
Reputation
adverse selection in reviews market
, 236
anonymity effect on likelihood to review
, 236–237
data processing and results
, 233–234
decentralized reputation networks
, 237
helpful reviews to giving positive ratings
, 235
incentives for writing reviews
, 236
observations on usefulness and prevalence of feedback
, 233
review selection bias measurement
, 237
structures
, 233
systems
, 232
user review helpfulness scores
, 235
Research online, purchase offline (ROPO)
, 194
Reviews
adverse selection in reviews market
, 236
anonymity effect on likelihood to
, 236–237
helpful reviews to giving positive ratings
, 235
incentives for writing
, 236
selection bias measurement
, 237
user review helpfulness scores
, 235
“Rural Taobao” project
, 197–198
Securities Act (1933)
, 164
Senegal, microfinance in
, 140–141
attitudes toward MFIs
, 152–153
case study of
, 148
collectivism on borrowing decisions
, 154–155
current landscape of
, 148–149
microsavings
, 149–152
structure of
, 149
Senegalese Mutual Credit
, 148
ShadowCrew
, 174
Shanghai Administration for Industry and Commerce
, 202
Shapero’s model
, 52–53
Silk Road
, 175
Singapore-based Choson Exchange educators
, 39
Social capital
, 107, 111
module
, 121, 122
types in Chiapas
, 111–112
Social capital indicators
, 117, 120
Social commerce
, 193
Social media
, 193
Social networks
, 140
Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
, 199
Spotify Technology S.A. (SPOT)
, 169
Standardization Law of the PRC
, 201
State-owned enterprises (SOE)
, 40, 210
Sub-Saharan Africa
, 140, 148
Supply chain traceability
Alibaba/PWC Project
, 223–224
existing blockchain technologies for applied to
, 221–224
IBM/Wal-mart/Jd. com/Tsinghua Project
, 222–223
Taobao
, 202
IPP system
, 208
marketplaces
, 210–211
villages
, 197
Telecommunications Regulations of People’s Republic of China
, 192
Tencent
, 194, 222
Terman, Frederick (Father of Silicon Valley)
, 166
The Onion Routing (TOR)
, 172, 175
Theoretical economic model
, 145, 146
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
, 52, 56
Tmall marketplaces
, 202, 210–212
Transaction Process System
, 200
Trust
as coordinating mechanism
, 179–180
in cryptomarkets
, 180–181
of markets for illicit drugs
, 177–181
University
graduates
, 49
support component
, 49, 57
Value chain integration
analytical frameworks and estimation strategies
, 116–117
Chiapas
, 106–107
coffee consuming countries
, 104–105
coffee cooperatives
, 113–114
cooperative impact evaluation results
, 130–134
cooperative members
, 107–108
determinants of cooperative participation
, 117–122
determinants of participation in cooperatives
, 126–130
fair trade movement
, 108–110
outcome variables of interest
, 122–125
results
, 126
sampling and data collection
, 114–116
social capital
, 111–112
vertical integration of value chain
, 105–106
Venture capital (VC)
, 162, 166–169
War economy
, 60
WeChat
, 193n3
Weibo micro-blogging website
, 193n3
Weibo search volume
, 218–220
- Prelims
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: The Experience of Developed and Developing Countries
- Chapter 2 Entrepreneurial Development and Business Innovation in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s Financial Sector
- Chapter 3 A Proposed Framework on the Role of Entrepreneurial Education and Contextual Factors
- Chapter 4 Diné Entrepreneurship: Indigenous Contemporary Entrepreneurship
- Chapter 5 Value Chain Integration as an Alternative to Fair Trade for Chiapas Coffee Farmers
- Chapter 6 The Influence of Collectivism on Microfinance in Senegal
- Chapter 7 The Evolution of Financing Entrepreneurship
- Chapter 8 The Entrepreneurial Criminal: How Trust Coordinates Illicit Drug Cryptomarkets
- Chapter 9 AI Revolution: How Data Can Identify and Shape Consumer Behavior in Ecommerce
- Chapter 10 Calculating the Reputation of a Reviewer
- Index