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Prelims

Eva Kremere (University of Latvia, Latvia)
Edward Morgan (Griffith University, Australia)
Pedi Obani (United Nations University – Institute for Natural Resources in Africa, Ghana)

SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation: Balancing the Water Cycle for Sustainable Life on Earth

ISBN: 978-1-78973-106-4, eISBN: 978-1-78973-103-3

Publication date: 29 November 2019

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Citation

Kremere, E., Morgan, E. and Obani, P. (2019), "Prelims", SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation: Balancing the Water Cycle for Sustainable Life on Earth (Concise Guides to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xii. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-103-320191001

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020 Eva Kremere, Edward Morgan and Pedi Obani

Half Title Page

SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation

Series Page

Concise Guides to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Series Editors

Walter Leal Filho

World Sustainable Development Research and Transfer Centre, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences

Mark Mifsud

Centre for Environmental Education and Research, University of Malta

This series comprises 17 short books, each examining one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

The series provides an integrated assessment of the SDGs from an economic, social, environmental and cultural perspective. Books in the series critically analyse and assess the SDGs from a multi-disciplinary and a multi-regional standpoint, with each title demonstrating innovation in theoretical and empirical analysis, methodology and application of the SDG concerned.

Titles in this series have a particular focus on the means to implement the SDGs, and each one includes a short introduction to the SDG in question along with a synopsis of their implications on the economic, social, environmental and cultural domains.

Title Page

SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation

Balancing the Water Cycle for Sustainable Life on Earth

Eva Kremere

University of Latvia, Latvia

Edward Morgan

Griffith University, Australia

Pedi Obani

United Nations University - Institute for Natural Resources in Africa, Ghana

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2020

© 2020 Eva Kremere, Edward Morgan and Pedi Obani.

Published under an exclusive license.

Reprints and permissions service

Contact: permissions@emeraldinsight.com

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the text, illustrations or advertisements. The opinions expressed in these chapters are not necessarily those of the Author or the publisher.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78973-106-4 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-78973-103-3 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-78973-105-7 (Epub)

Contents

List of Tables and Figures ix
About the Authors xi
1 Introduction 1
2 Goals 6.1 and 6.2: Water, Sanitation and Health 9
 2.1 Introduction 9
 2.2 Components of WASH under SDG 6 12
   2.2.1 Adequate Access 14
   2.2.2 Affordability 17
   2.2.3 Universal Access and Safety 18
   2.2.4 Special Attention to the Needs of Women and Girls 21
   2.2.5 Equitable Access and those in Vulnerable Situations 22
 2.3 Conclusion 23
3 Goals 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5: Water Quality, Water Efficiency and Integrated Water Resource Management 25
 3.1 Introduction 25
 3.2 Water Quality 27
 3.3 Water Quantity 29
 3.4 Integrated Water Resource Management 31
 3.5 IWRM – What Is It? 32
 3.6 IWRM and SDG6 34
 3.7 IWRM and Implementation 39
 3.8 IWRM and Including the Environment 43
 3.9 Conclusion 45
4 SDG 6.6: Protecting and Restoring Water-related Ecosystems 47
 4.1 Introduction47
 4.2 SDG 6.6 and Ecosystem Services 48
 4.3 Achieving SDG6.6 51
   4.3.1 Knowledge, Monitoring and SDG6.6 51
   4.3.2 Opportunities for Protection and Restoration 53
 4.4 Conclusions 56
5 SDG6a and 6b: Governance, Cooperation and Participation 59
 5.1 Introduction 59
 5.2 What are SDG 6a and 6b? 60
 5.3 Discussion 64
 5.4 Current Status 66
   5.4.1 Target 6.a 66
   5.4.2 Target 6.b 67
 5.5 Way Forward 68
6 Case Study: Restoration of Water Ecosystem at the Melnais Lake Raised Bog in Latvia 71
 6.1 Introduction 71
   6.1.1 What are Raised Bogs? 71
   6.1.2 Importance of Bogs 73
   6.1.3 Experience of Raised Bog Restoration in Europe and Latvia 74
 6.2 Raised Bog Water Ecosystem Restoration Project: Melnais (Black) Lake Bog in Latvia 76
   6.2.1 Specifics of the Project 76
   6.2.2 Peat Extraction and Drainage 77
 6.3 Hydrological Regime Restoration Measures and Results 78
   6.3.1 Methods Used 78
   6.3.2 Other Actions Taken 80
 6.4 Results: Impact of Groundwater Level Rise on Vegetation in Melnais Lake Bog Nature Reserve 80
 6.5 Conclusion 81
7 Case Study: Water Management and Addressing Water Scarcity in Australia – Achieving SDG6? 83
 7.1 Introduction 83
 7.2 Water Management in Australia 84
 7.3 Sustainable Extraction, Water Scarcity and the Murray–Darling Basin 89
 7.4 Addressing Urban Water Scarcity and Efficiency in Australia 92
 7.5 Conclusion 96
8 Case Study: Nigeria and SDG6 99
 8.1 Introduction 99
 8.2 Status of Access to WASH 100
 8.3 Governance Architecture and Challenges 104
 8.4 (A Failed Attempt at) Invoking the Law 108
   8.4.1 Overview of the National Water Resources Bill 2016 109
   8.4.2 Push Factors 113
 8.3 Harnessing the Law for Universal Access to WASH 116
 8.4 Conclusion 118
9 Conclusions 121
 9.1 Achieving SDG6 121
Bibliography 125
Index 153

List of Tables and Figures

Table

Table 1.1. The Links Between SDG6 and the Other SDGs. 5

Figures

Fig. 2.1. WASH Components of SDG 6. 13
Fig. 3.1. Global Water Consumption by Sector. 26
Fig. 4.1. Ecosystem Services and their Relation to Society. 49

About the Authors

Eva Kremere works at the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna, Austria. She is currently pursuing a PhD in Environmental Sciences at the University of Latvia, investigating Food–Water–Energy Nexus. She has gained international experience in China, Turkey, UK, Estonia, Ireland, Spain, Austria and USA. Her expertise is closely related to water management, hydropower and international cooperation. Eva was elected as a Board Member for the Youth Water Community associated to the Global Water Partnership.

Edward Morgan is a Research Fellow at the Cities Research Institute and Griffith Climate Change Response Program at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. He is an Interdisciplinary Researcher with experience in sustainable development and climate change responses and seeks to take a collaborative and integrated approach to understanding and addressing sustainability and environmental issues. He is currently researching and implementing trans-disciplinary and participatory landscape scale approaches to planning and governance of natural resources, particularly around primary forest conservation and water resources.

Pedi Obani is an Environmental Policy Research Fellow at the United Nations University-Institute for Natural Resources in Africa, Ghana. Her immediate past assignment was as a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Benin, Nigeria. She is an interdisciplinary researcher keen on mainstreaming inclusiveness and sustainability in the governance of natural resources. Her PhD interrogated the effectiveness of the human right to sanitation in promoting social, relational and ecological inclusion. She has authored high impact academic publications. She is also a Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Nigeria.

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