Prelims
SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation: Balancing the Water Cycle for Sustainable Life on Earth
ISBN: 978-1-78973-106-4, eISBN: 978-1-78973-103-3
Publication date: 29 November 2019
Citation
Kremere, E., Morgan, E. and Obani, P. (2019), "Prelims", SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation: Balancing the Water Cycle for Sustainable Life on Earth (Concise Guides to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xii. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-103-320191001
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020 Eva Kremere, Edward Morgan and Pedi Obani
Half Title Page
SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation
Series Page
Concise Guides to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Series Editors
Walter Leal Filho
World Sustainable Development Research and Transfer Centre, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences
Mark Mifsud
Centre for Environmental Education and Research, University of Malta
This series comprises 17 short books, each examining one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
The series provides an integrated assessment of the SDGs from an economic, social, environmental and cultural perspective. Books in the series critically analyse and assess the SDGs from a multi-disciplinary and a multi-regional standpoint, with each title demonstrating innovation in theoretical and empirical analysis, methodology and application of the SDG concerned.
Titles in this series have a particular focus on the means to implement the SDGs, and each one includes a short introduction to the SDG in question along with a synopsis of their implications on the economic, social, environmental and cultural domains.
Title Page
SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation
Balancing the Water Cycle for Sustainable Life on Earth
Eva Kremere
University of Latvia, Latvia
Edward Morgan
Griffith University, Australia
Pedi Obani
United Nations University - Institute for Natural Resources in Africa, Ghana
United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China
Copyright Page
Emerald Publishing Limited
Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK
First edition 2020
© 2020 Eva Kremere, Edward Morgan and Pedi Obani.
Published under an exclusive license.
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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the text, illustrations or advertisements. The opinions expressed in these chapters are not necessarily those of the Author or the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-78973-106-4 (Print)
ISBN: 978-1-78973-103-3 (Online)
ISBN: 978-1-78973-105-7 (Epub)
Contents
List of Tables and Figures | ix |
About the Authors | xi |
1 Introduction | 1 |
2 Goals 6.1 and 6.2: Water, Sanitation and Health | 9 |
2.1 Introduction | 9 |
2.2 Components of WASH under SDG 6 | 12 |
2.2.1 Adequate Access | 14 |
2.2.2 Affordability | 17 |
2.2.3 Universal Access and Safety | 18 |
2.2.4 Special Attention to the Needs of Women and Girls | 21 |
2.2.5 Equitable Access and those in Vulnerable Situations | 22 |
2.3 Conclusion | 23 |
3 Goals 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5: Water Quality, Water Efficiency and Integrated Water Resource Management | 25 |
3.1 Introduction | 25 |
3.2 Water Quality | 27 |
3.3 Water Quantity | 29 |
3.4 Integrated Water Resource Management | 31 |
3.5 IWRM – What Is It? | 32 |
3.6 IWRM and SDG6 | 34 |
3.7 IWRM and Implementation | 39 |
3.8 IWRM and Including the Environment | 43 |
3.9 Conclusion | 45 |
4 SDG 6.6: Protecting and Restoring Water-related Ecosystems | 47 |
4.1 Introduction47 | |
4.2 SDG 6.6 and Ecosystem Services | 48 |
4.3 Achieving SDG6.6 | 51 |
4.3.1 Knowledge, Monitoring and SDG6.6 | 51 |
4.3.2 Opportunities for Protection and Restoration | 53 |
4.4 Conclusions | 56 |
5 SDG6a and 6b: Governance, Cooperation and Participation | 59 |
5.1 Introduction | 59 |
5.2 What are SDG 6a and 6b? | 60 |
5.3 Discussion | 64 |
5.4 Current Status | 66 |
5.4.1 Target 6.a | 66 |
5.4.2 Target 6.b | 67 |
5.5 Way Forward | 68 |
6 Case Study: Restoration of Water Ecosystem at the Melnais Lake Raised Bog in Latvia | 71 |
6.1 Introduction | 71 |
6.1.1 What are Raised Bogs? | 71 |
6.1.2 Importance of Bogs | 73 |
6.1.3 Experience of Raised Bog Restoration in Europe and Latvia | 74 |
6.2 Raised Bog Water Ecosystem Restoration Project: Melnais (Black) Lake Bog in Latvia | 76 |
6.2.1 Specifics of the Project | 76 |
6.2.2 Peat Extraction and Drainage | 77 |
6.3 Hydrological Regime Restoration Measures and Results | 78 |
6.3.1 Methods Used | 78 |
6.3.2 Other Actions Taken | 80 |
6.4 Results: Impact of Groundwater Level Rise on Vegetation in Melnais Lake Bog Nature Reserve | 80 |
6.5 Conclusion | 81 |
7 Case Study: Water Management and Addressing Water Scarcity in Australia – Achieving SDG6? | 83 |
7.1 Introduction | 83 |
7.2 Water Management in Australia | 84 |
7.3 Sustainable Extraction, Water Scarcity and the Murray–Darling Basin | 89 |
7.4 Addressing Urban Water Scarcity and Efficiency in Australia | 92 |
7.5 Conclusion | 96 |
8 Case Study: Nigeria and SDG6 | 99 |
8.1 Introduction | 99 |
8.2 Status of Access to WASH | 100 |
8.3 Governance Architecture and Challenges | 104 |
8.4 (A Failed Attempt at) Invoking the Law | 108 |
8.4.1 Overview of the National Water Resources Bill 2016 | 109 |
8.4.2 Push Factors | 113 |
8.3 Harnessing the Law for Universal Access to WASH | 116 |
8.4 Conclusion | 118 |
9 Conclusions | 121 |
9.1 Achieving SDG6 | 121 |
Bibliography | 125 |
Index | 153 |
List of Tables and Figures
Table
Table 1.1. The Links Between SDG6 and the Other SDGs. | 5 |
Figures
Fig. 2.1. WASH Components of SDG 6. | 13 |
Fig. 3.1. Global Water Consumption by Sector. | 26 |
Fig. 4.1. Ecosystem Services and their Relation to Society. | 49 |
About the Authors
Eva Kremere works at the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna, Austria. She is currently pursuing a PhD in Environmental Sciences at the University of Latvia, investigating Food–Water–Energy Nexus. She has gained international experience in China, Turkey, UK, Estonia, Ireland, Spain, Austria and USA. Her expertise is closely related to water management, hydropower and international cooperation. Eva was elected as a Board Member for the Youth Water Community associated to the Global Water Partnership.
Edward Morgan is a Research Fellow at the Cities Research Institute and Griffith Climate Change Response Program at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. He is an Interdisciplinary Researcher with experience in sustainable development and climate change responses and seeks to take a collaborative and integrated approach to understanding and addressing sustainability and environmental issues. He is currently researching and implementing trans-disciplinary and participatory landscape scale approaches to planning and governance of natural resources, particularly around primary forest conservation and water resources.
Pedi Obani is an Environmental Policy Research Fellow at the United Nations University-Institute for Natural Resources in Africa, Ghana. Her immediate past assignment was as a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Benin, Nigeria. She is an interdisciplinary researcher keen on mainstreaming inclusiveness and sustainability in the governance of natural resources. Her PhD interrogated the effectiveness of the human right to sanitation in promoting social, relational and ecological inclusion. She has authored high impact academic publications. She is also a Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Nigeria.
- Prelims
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Goals 6.1 and 6.2: Water, Sanitation and Health
- 3. Goals 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5: Water Quality, Water Efficiency and Integrated Water ResourceManagement
- 4. SDG 6.6: Protecting and Restoring Water-Related Ecosystems
- 5. SDG6A and 6B: Governance, Cooperation and Participation
- 6. Case Study: Restoration of Water Ecosystem at the Melnais Lake Raised Bog in Latvia
- 7. Case Study: Water Management and Addressing Water Scarcity in Australia – Achieving SDG6?
- 8. Case Study: Nigeria and SDG6
- 9. Conclusions
- Bibliography
- Index