“A’amil

, 160

Actions

, 3, 4

Adequacy

, 64

Advice-based leadership style

Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya

, 167, 168

applications of

, 165

and benevolence

, 165

communications

, 166

Agent

, 160

Agent intention

, 42

Ahzab case study

attributes of followers

, 211–212

attributes of leader

, 212

compassionate management style

, 212–213

environmental requirements

, 211

Akhirah-based organization

, 5

Al-Biruni’s utopia model

, 56

Altruism behavior

, 9

Anticitizenship behavior

, 11

Asabiyya

, 138

Ashuraic organizational culture

event-related elements of

, 227–232

post-event elements of

, 232–234

pre-event elements of

, 226–227

unitarianism organizations

, 226

Authorization roles, servant leadership style

advertiser

, 202

fatwa issuer

, 202

Islam centered

, 202–203

Islam recognizer

, 202

jurisprudent

, 201

justice orientation

, 203

religious affairs

, 202

value protector

, 203

Autocracy

, 138

Basij institution

, 175, 176

Beasts

, 29

Behavioral dispositions

, 29–30

Blaming demeanor

, 23

Carnal demeanor

, 23

Chastity, speaking

, 103–104

Citizenship roles, servant leadership style

, 200–201

Civic needs

, 49–51

Coaching roles, servant leadership style

belief maker

, 200

breeder

, 200

educator

, 200

identity maker

, 200

reformer

, 200

regulator

, 200

Collective organizational culture

, 224–225

Commander roles, servant leadership style

convincing role

, 196

delegating role

, 195–196

participative role

, 196

telling role

, 196–197

Common language

, 101

Compassionate management style

, 205–206

Communication

channels

, 107

colleagues

, 108–109

downward/bottom-handed communication

, 108

listening skill

, 105–106

nature

, 91–95

skills

, 95–96

speaking skills (See Speaking skills)

upward/top-handed communication

, 107–108

visual skill

, 104–105

writing skill

, 106–107

Conflict management

approaches

, 112

collapse of the organization

, 113

combat and war strategy

, 124–125

common goal strategy

, 133

cooperation strategy

, 128

divine law

, 112

enemy strategy

, 133–134

ethnic and tribal differences

, 112–113

familiarity of hearts strategy

, 121–122

familiarity strategy

, 122–123

Imam Khomeini

, 132

Khaje Nasirodin Toosi

, 129–132

negotiation strategy

, 123–124

Quranic case studies

, 125–128

Quran perspectives

, 120

reasoning strategy

, 128

retaliation to ensure rights

, 113–116

serious confrontation with enemies

, 113

strategies

, 119–120

strategy of fighting

, 129

third-party strategy

, 120–121

tradition

, 112

typology

, 116–119

unity of word strategy

, 134

withdrawal/leaving conflict

, 124

withdrawal strategy

, 128–129

Conscience

, 26

Constitution

, 21, 25

Contentment behaviors

, 9

Cooperative-based leadership style

Ash-Shura surah

, 174

Basij institution

, 175, 176

blessing and purifying

, 178

council principle

, 176–177

divine responsibility

, 177

empathy and wisdom

, 178

good listener

, 177

participation based on ability

, 178

principle of benefit

, 178–179

Tasaalom

, 174

Covenant of organizations

, 84–85

Culture of appreciation

, 64–65

Denial of imitation

, 33

Destructive organizational behaviors

, 6–7

Distributive justice

, 235

Divine covenant

, 82

Divine glory

, 55

Divine leaders

, 155–156

Divine needs

, 54–56

Divine tradition

, 162

The Divinity

, 34, 64, 139, 155, 161, 162, 170

devotion

, 3

followers

, 240–241

piety

, 32

satisfaction

, 5

Divinity-centered behavior

, 8

Downward/bottom-handed communication

, 108

Eid ul-Fitr prayer

, 174

Eid-ul-Qurban prayer

, 174

Emirate

, 160

Encourage acquirement

, 33

Enjoyment system

, 28

Ethical–Mystical roles, servant leadership style

forbearer

, 204

forgiver

, 204

prayer

, 204

preacher

, 204

purifier

, 204

recommender

, 204

right centered

, 203–204

thankful

, 204–205

trusting

, 204

Event-related elements, Ashura-driven organizational culture

Ashoura-driven insight

, 227–228

Ashura’s style of leadership

, 230–231

faithful following

, 231–232

inclusive participation

, 228

maintaining divine rituals

, 228

purposeful recruitment and refinement

, 230

sacrificial leadership

, 229–230

seeking justice

, 231

spiritual motives over material ones

, 232

virtuous behaviors

, 228

Excellent behaviors

, 9

Fallacious behaviors

, 12

Filtration speech

, 103

Financial jihad

, 169

Followers’ roles, servant leadership style

, 197

Freemen

, 29

Frugality

, 240

Gentlemanly behaviors

, 9

God’s mercy

, 182

Greater jihad

, 172

Hadith (Islamic traditions)

, 163–164

Hajj

, 159

Hereafter-oriented organizations

, 8, 44

commitment

, 81–83

confidence building

, 76–81

The Divinity

, 83–84

leader–follower relations

, 137–158

management commitment

, 85–87

organization commitment

, 84–85

Hierarchy of needs

, 56–65

insatiability

, 63–65

material needs

, 57–62

motivating individuals

, 57

spiritual needs

, 57–62

Holy Quran

, 33, 35, 139

competency

, 162

divine tradition

, 162

freedom and free

, 163

precedence of Imamate to prophecy

, 162

Human divine existence

, 44

Human identity

, 20, 43–44

Human imaginal existence

, 43

Human intellectual existence

, 43

Human material existence

, 43

Human perception

classification

, 31

definition

, 31

denial of imitation

, 33

encourage acquirement

, 33

human spirit

, 32

indolent reprimand

, 33

introspection

, 31

levels

, 35–38

perfectionism

, 32

sensational perception

, 37–38

stages

, 38–39

Human resources mobilization

, 172

Human spirit

, 32

Human virtues

, 234

Hypocrites group behaviors

, 10–12

Ijtihad power

, 141

Imagination power

, 36

Imam Khomeini

authorization roles of

, 201

coaching roles of

, 199

commander roles of

, 196

ethical–mystical roles of

, 203

managerial roles of

, 192

political roles of

, 198

and roles of

, 191

Indifferent group behaviors

, 9–10

Individual differences

, 19–30

Individual organizational culture

, 224–225

Indolent reprimand

, 33

Inefficient followers

apostates

, 13–14

characteristics

, 12–15

distorteds

, 13

impostors

, 13

organizational distorteds

, 14

organizational impostors

, 14

organizational rebels

, 15

organizational sophists

, 15

rebels

, 13

sophists

, 14

Infallible Imams

, 137

Inspired demeanor

, 23

Intellect

, 26

Intellectual knowledge

, 36

Intellectual needs

, 51–54

Intellectual policy

, 138

Intellectual wisdom

, 36

Intentions

, 4, 41–44

Interactive justice

, 235

Introspection

, 31

Islamic ethics

individualism approach

, 235

justice (See Justice approach)

law-ethics approach

, 235

utilitarianism

, 235

Islamic ideology

, 26

Islamic management

communication (See Communication)

conflict management (See Conflict management)

ethics

, 234–240

human perception (See Human perception)

leader–follower relations (See Leader-follower relations)

leadership styles

, 159–220

management styles

, 164–206

organizational behavior

, 1–15

organizational culture

, 221–234

personality (See Personality)

Islamic theocracy

, 161

Jihadi management style

characteristics

, 170

features of

, 171–173

financial jihad

, 169

importance of

, 170

issues

, 169–170

scientific jihad

, 169

technical jihad

, 169

Justice

, 161

Justice approach

components of

, 239–240

distributive justice

, 235

interactive justice

, 235

negative moral features

, 237

procedural justice

, 235

Justice-based leadership style

advantages of

, 188

manifestations of

, 186–187

manners

, 187–188

Kindly leadership style

kindliness

, 180–181

tolerance

, 179–180

Leader–follower relations

Akhbaris

, 140

Asabiyya

, 138

autocracy

, 138

avoiding blaming

, 153

avoiding deception

, 147

benevolence, Ummah

, 146

compassion and tolerance

, 147

consultation with citizens

, 147

consultation with people

, 149–150

disadvantaged people

, 147

The Divinity

, 139

education of people

, 149

enthusiastic submission

, 142–143

expecting obedience

, 147

forgiving

, 146

infallible Imams

, 137

insistence and exaggeration

, 153

intellectual policy

, 138

justice among people

, 148

leader’s secrecy

, 153

loving leader

, 152

mutual rights

, 143

natural politics

, 138

obedience

, 152

observance of politeness

, 153

people obey

, 146

preserving religion and social values

, 146

promulgation

, 152

protest of citizens

, 147

rebellion

, 142

religious government

, 141–142

rightful rulers

, 152

roles and duties of

, 144–146

sacrifice

, 152

Shari’a politics

, 138

sincere praise

, 152

social security

, 147

teaching religion

, 146

tolerance

, 153

traditional fundamentalists

, 141

typology of

, 153–158

well-being and livelihood

, 148–149

Leadership styles

advice-based leadership style

, 164–165

compassionate management style

, 205–206

cooperative-based leadership style

, 173–179

jihadi management style

, 169–173

justice-based leadership style

, 186–189

kindly leadership style

, 179–182

patiently leading leadership style

, 182–184

servant leadership style

, 189–205

transactional leadership style

, 184–186

Listening skill

, 105–106

Management covenant

, 85

Managerial roles, servant leadership style

accountable

, 194

antideprivation

, 194

apologizer

, 193

appraiser

, 193

assigner

, 193, 195

awakening

, 193

clarifier

, 194

comprehension

, 192

cooperator

, 195

critics taker

, 192

encourager

, 194

entrepreneur

, 192–193

guider

, 192

inspector

, 193

integrator

, 195

law enforcer

, 194

law oriented

, 194

practical

, 194

protector

, 192

protocol

, 195

punisher

, 194–195

servant

, 193

spokesman

, 191

Managerial system

, 29

Manifestation

, 4

Material needs, lack of fascination

, 62–63

Medium talent

, 155

Meritocracy

, 172

Moderation behaviors

, 9

Moral evil

, 234

Morality

, 234

Motivation

civic needs

, 49–51

divine needs

, 54–56

Divinity

, 42

hierarchy of needs

, 56–65

human identity

, 43–44

human needs, work

, 44–45

intellectual needs

, 51–54

intention

, 41–44

naturalistic needs

, 45–49

Naturalistic needs

, 45–49

Natural politics

, 138

Navabet

, 13–14, 30

Necessity

, 64

Neutral organizational behaviors

, 6–7

Noncitizenship

, 11

Nonverbal behavior

, 98

Obedience

, 224, 234

Occult – spiritual knowledge

, 36

Openness of the chest

, 183

Organizations

beast-like behaviors

, 30

commitment

, 84–85

communication (See Communication)

covenant

, 84–85

distorteds

, 14

freeman-like behaviors

, 29

impostors

, 14

Navabet

, 30

rebels

, 15

servant-like behaviors

, 29

sophists

, 15

Organizational behavior

destructive organizational behaviors

, 6–7

framework

, 3–6

hypocrites group behaviors

, 10–12

indifferent group behaviors

, 9–10

men behaviors characteristics

, 12–15

nature, behavior

, 1–3

neutral organizational behaviors

, 6–7

Organizational culture

Ashuraic organizational culture

, 225–234

common law

, 222

customs

, 223

individual and collective

, 224–225

Islamic ethics

, 234–240

traditions

, 223

values

, 222

Organizational justice

, 235

Patiently leading leadership style

, 182–184

PBUH

, 84

Perfectionism

, 32

Personality

behavioral dispositions

, 29–30

constitution

, 21, 25

definition

, 19–22

dimensions

, 19–22

elements

, 22–24

factors

, 24

functions

, 25–28

human identity

, 20

mankind

, 20

primordial nature

, 22

psychological systems

, 28–29

Quran

, 21

Political roles, servant leadership style

combatant

, 198

democrat

, 197

disclosure

, 199

independent

, 198

liberal

, 198–199

political analyst

, 199

politician

, 197

Poor talent

, 154

Positive organizational behaviors

, 9

Postevent elements, Ashura-driven organizational culture

dynamics and vitality

, 233

message of

, 232–233

modeling

, 233–234

Pre-event elements, Ashura-driven organizational culture

, 226–227

Primordial nature

, 22

Procedural justice

, 235

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

, 28

Prosocial behaviors

, 9

Psychological systems

, 28–29

enjoyment system

, 28

managerial system

, 29

usurpative system

, 28–29

Quran

, 57, 69–70, 78, 103, 176, 205

Religious imitation

, 224, 234

Religious worker

, 160

Sacrificial leadership

, 229–230

Satisfaction of needs

, 65

Scientific jihad

, 169

Sensational knowledge

, 36

Sensational perception

, 37–38

Sensation power

, 36

Sensory organs

, 36–37

Sensory perception

, 37

Servant leadership style

authorization roles

, 201–203

citizenship roles

, 200–201

coaching roles

, 199–200

commander roles

, 195–197

ethical–mystical roles

, 203–205

followers’ roles

, 197

managerial roles

, 191–195

political roles

, 197–199

Servants

, 29

Sharia (Islamic law)

, 174

Shari’a politics

, 138

Sovereignty

, 140

Speaking skills

chastity

, 103–104

common language

, 101

communication

, 98

eloquently moderation

, 102–103

filtration speech

, 103

information analysis

, 98

justice

, 99

nonverbal behavior

, 98

silence

, 99

speak and action

, 99–100

speaking honestly

, 100–101

speech moderation

, 101–102

verbal behaviors

, 98

Spirit

, 23

Spiritual wisdom

, 36

Stress management

, 69–73

avoid backbite and finding faults

, 70

The Divinity, memorizing

, 69

hardships

, 71

humble heart reinforcement

, 72–73

internal locus of control

, 72

property and possessions

, 71

pure soul

, 69–70

self-esteem reinforcing

, 71

Strong talent

, 155

Tabuk case study

attributed of followers

, 215

attributes of the Prophet (PBUH), 215–216

compassionate management style

, 216–220

environmental requirements

, 213–214

Tasaalom

, 174

Technical jihad

, 169

Tranquil demeanor

, 23

Transactional leadership style

, 184–186

Transferred (canonical) knowledge

, 36

Uhud case study

attributes of followers

, 207–208

attributes of leader

, 208

compassionate management style

, 209–210

environmental requirements

, 206–207

Ummah

, 142

benevolence for

, 146

Upward/top-handed communication

, 107–108

Usurpative system

, 28–29

Utilitarianism

, 235

Vali

, 159

Verbal behaviors

, 98

Violation

, 225

Visual skills

, 104–105

Wilayat

, 140, 159

Wisdom

, 26, 36, 161

Work-related attitudes

freewill acts

, 68

hereafter-oriented organizations (See Hereafter-oriented organizations)

knowledge

, 68

mental health

, 69–73

organizational justice

, 73–76

principles

, 68

stress management

, 69–73

wisdom

, 68

Writing skills

, 106–107