Index
Ioanna Ferra
(University of Leeds, UK)
Digital Media and the Greek Crisis
ISBN: 978-1-78769-328-9, eISBN: 978-1-78769-327-2
Publication date: 8 November 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Ferra, I. (2019), "Index", Digital Media and the Greek Crisis (Digital Activism and Society: Politics, Economy And Culture In Network Communication), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-327-220191010
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020 Ioanna Ferra
INDEX
Action-oriented symbols
, 14
Activism, social movements and protest
, 1
Aganaktismenoi
, 4, 100, 182, 183
Age, Internet and social engagement
, 56
American-Greek international relations
, 43–44
‘American military imperialism’
, 43
Analytical tools
, 70–76
semantic analysis (Twitter)
, 75–76
social network analysis (Facebook and Twitter)
, 72–74
thematic analysis (Indymedia and YouTube)
, 70–71
Antagonism of capitalism
, 31
Antagonistic campaigns
, 131–132, 175, 184
Anti-ACTA campaign
, 120–121
Anti-austerity
, 11, 19
campaign
, 185–186
discourse
, 175
politics
, 174
protests
, 68–69, 170–171
#antiausterity
, 143, 144
Anti-austerity mobilisation
, 63, 134–135, 136–137, 142, 170–171
Anti-austerity movement
, 2, 4, 68–69, 182, 184
Aganaktismenoi
, 4, 182, 183
graphs statistics
, 110–113
Greek Indignados/Aganaktismenoi
, 97–104, 114–123
methods, sampling and analysis
, 108–110
SYRIZA online diaspora
, 104–108, 123–129
See also Greek Indignados/Aganaktismenoi; SYRIZA online diaspora
#anti-austerity network
, 142, 143–144
#antiausterity Semantic Network
, 145
Anti-authoritarian movements
, 19
Anti-capitalist movements
, 11, 21–22, 184
and anti-war movements
, 44
Anti-capitalist protests of 2010
, 80
Anti-capitalist struggle
, 43
Anti-communist state
, 41–42
Anti-fascist movements
, 19
Anti-globalisation movements
, 11, 12, 21–22, 29, 30–31, 181
Anti-Golden Dawn pages
, 125–126
Anti-/pro-austerity discourse
, 32
Anti-/pro-European discourse
, 189
Anti-/pro-governmental discourse
, 32
Anti-rape movement in India (2016)
, 10
Anti-surveillance
, 120
Anti-war and anti-globalisation movements
, 19
Arab Spring
, 3, 12
Armed Forces Channels
, 48–49
Armed Forces Information Service (YENED)
, 48–49
Article 16, Hellenic Constitution
, 81
Atenistas, hipster-type pop culture phenomenon
, 120–121
Athens Polytechnic
, 41
Athens, radio stations in
, 51
#austerity
, 143, 144
Austerity and neoliberalism
, 126
Austerity politics
, 147–148, 184
#austerity Semantic Network
, 146
#austerity vs #antiausterity
, 142–145
Authoritarianism of the educational system
, 40
Bankruptcy in Greece
, 98
Battle of Athens
, 45
Blogs
, 59
Boko Haram in Nigeria
, 10
Broadcast Network
, 152–153
Cambridge Analytica case
, 2
Capitalism
, 30, 44–45, 180
Capitalistic colonisation
, 28–29
Capitalist restriction
, 80
CCF (Conspiracy of Cells of Fire)
, 44
Celebrity culture
, 61
Chi (X) Party
, 45–46
Civil rights-related movements
, 19
Civil society and political groups
, 51–52
Classic collective action
, 25
‘Class-struggle essentialism’
, 30
Clause-Newman-Moore algorithm
, 133, 150, 167
Clientelism
, 117–118
Collective actions
, 97–98
defined
, 13
and mobilisation
, 12–13
processes
, 23–24
and social movements
, 12–13, 17
Collective behaviour
, 20–21
Collective enterprises
, 15–16
Collective identity
, 18
Collective ventures
, 13–14
Collectivities of individuals
, 16
Communication and society, democratisation
, 1
Communicative capacity
, 23, 25
Communism and anti-communism
, 41
Communism/Eurocommunism
, 124–125
Communist Party (KKE)
, 34
Communist peril
, 45–46, 48–49, 135, 176
Community-based structure
, 25
Community Cluster
, 152–153
Comprehensive policy programme
, 37–38
Computer-mediated conflict
, 11
Computer-mediated environments
, 9–10
Conflict-based collective actions
, 13–14
Constitution Square
, 101
Contemporary capitalism
, 28, 30–31
Contemporary digital era
, 31
Contemporary political identities
, 40
Contemporary social movements
, 4, 23
Contemporary sociopolitical structure
, 91
Contentious politics
, 12–13, 14
‘Coordinating and organisational tools’
, 79–80
Corruption
, 117–118
Corruption-related political scandals
, 36–37
Cosmopolitanism
, 17
Creative resistance
, 118, 189–190
Crisis and media
, 3–4
Cultural reproduction
, 19
Cyber-activism
, 53
Cyberconflict and digital media
connective action and employing
, 9–12
digital media theory and globalisation
, 27–32
social movement theories (SMT)
, 12–27
collective vs connective actions
, 23–27
new social movement (NSM)
, 17–20
resource mobilisation theory (RMT)
, 20–22
Cyberconflict approach, digital media in Greece
, 5
activism, social movements and protest
, 1
anti-austerity movement
, 2
Arab Spring
, 3
Cambridge Analytica case
, 2
communication and society, democratisation
, 1
debt crisis
, 2–3
digital activism
, 1
‘digital divide’ argument
, 1
Facebook Scandals
, 2
FLOSS movement
, 1
global recession
, 2–4
identity, community and networks
, 1
inequality
, 1
Internet culture
, 1
Internet optimism
, 1
OWS (Occupy Wall Street) in the US
, 2
privacy and surveillance
, 1
project
, 5–7
self-representations
, 1
Cyberconflict theory
, 4–5, 10, 64, 84, 180, 190–191
framework
, 5
social movement component
, 12
Cyber-utopianism
, 28
Debt crisis
, 2–3
December Riots (2008)
, 33, 37, 44, 63, 71, 179–180
and data collection
, 6–7
Indymedia in
, 85–88
methods, sampling, and analysis
, 82–84
online media
, 181
sociopolitical and historical characteristics
, 79–82
sociopolitical cyberconflict
, 181–182
and YouTube
, 88–93
Democratic function
, 4
Democratic illusion
, 29–30
Democratisation
, 12
De-radicalisation
, 27
Digital activism
, 1
Digital communications
, 53, 55, 59, 60
digital activism and Greek political environment
, 60–62
Digital divide
, 3–4, 56, 57–58, 60
argument
, 1
Digital media
, 61
crisis
, 68–70
environment
, 3–4
and online data
, 25–26
platforms
, 9–10, 68–70
political and social mobilisations
, 9
theory and globalisation
, 27–32
usage
, 80
Digital research methods
adaptation
, 65
‘mechanical objectivity’
, 67
multi-platforms embedded in the Internet
, 65
networks and discourse
, 65
NodeXL
, 66–67
objectivity
, 67
online and offline space
, 65
online communication systems
, 65
online data, study and analysis
, 65–66
online phenomena
, 66–67
stage and application
, 68
use
, 66
visualisation and power of visual evidence
, 67–68
Digital social networks
, 23
Digital Terrestrial Television
, 52
Diversity and networks
, 23–24
‘Dominant capitalist communication’
, 9
Economic crisis
, 118–119
E-contentious politics
, 24
E-democracy
, 27–28
E-exclusion
, 56
ELA (Revolutionary Popular Struggle)
, 42–43
Environment of conflict and conflict mapping
, 11
Ethnoreligious cyberconflict
, 11–12, 181–182
Ethnoreligious-driven polarisation
, 27
Ethos of diversity and inclusiveness
, 23–24
EU dissolution
, 174
European and international mobilisation
, 126
European Common Market
, 34
Extra-parliamentary left and revolutionary groups
, 41–45
Facebook
, 4, 57–58, 59, 68–69, 77, 182
collective based orientation
, 183–184
scandals
, 2
social networking service
, 77
Far-right in Greece
, 45–47
FLOSS movement
, 1
Free Gaza
, 120–121
Free market
, 49
Free Palestine
, 120–121
‘G700’
, 91
General Confederation of Workers of Greece (GSEE)
, 40–41
Gephi
, 74, 110
Global citizen
, 28–29
Global economic crisis and neoliberalism
, 23–24
Globalisation
, 9, 30, 180
Global recession
, 2–4, 29–30, 31, 37, 38–39, 80–81
Golden Dawn, neo-Nazi party
, 38, 63
Greek anti-terrorism law
, 43–44
‘Greek crisis’
, 37–39
#greekcrisis
, 171
Greek Cyber Crime Unit
, 119–120
Greek digital communication
, 53
Greek Economy
, 98
Greek Indignados/Aganaktismenoi
‘democratic politics’
, 103
digital media representations
, 103
graphs statistics
, 110–113
international solidarity network
, 103
media representations
, 103
network analysis
, 114–123
Arab Spring revolutions
, 117
Group 1
, 114
Group 2
, 114–115
Group 3
, 115
Group 5
, 115–117
Group 7
, 115–117
Group 8
, 115–117
Group 9
, 115–117
polarisation
, 122–123
sociopolitical and historical characteristics
, 97–104
transnational debates and movements
, 122–123
Greek Indignados case
, 4, 68–69, 100
Greek Labour Movement
, 40–41
Greek leftish terrorism
, 43
Greek mediascape
, 47–53
traditional media
, 47–53
Greek media sector
, 49–50
Greekness and economic crisis’
, 118–119
Greek Parliamentary Elections
, 39
Greek political system
, 33–34
Greek Referendum. See Greferendum
‘300 Greeks’
, 101–102
‘Greek tragedy’
, 37–38
Greek Youth Movement
, 80–81
Greferendum
, 6–7, 68–69, 73–74, 131–132, 163–164, 172, 184
Bailout Expiration Semantic Network
, 173
#menoumeevropi vs #oxi
, 134–175
#austerity vs #antiausterity
, 142–145
campaigns discourse evolution
, 150–166
#greferendum
, 167–175
#menoumeevropi and #oxi
, 150–166
#nai vs #oxi campaign
, 145–150
#syntagma and #17junegr
, 137–142
methods, sampling and analysis
, 131–134
Referendum Semantic Network
, 174
#greferendum
, 167–175
#grexit
, 149
Grexit
, 38, 173, 175, 185
Hastags. See Greferendum
Hellenic Radio Foundation (EIR)
, 48–49
Hellenic Radio Television
, 49
Hellenic Telecommunications Organisation (OTE)
, 55
Historical and sociopolitical background
Greek mediascape
, 47–53
mainstream politics and political parties
, 33–39
new and online media, development
, 53–62
social movements, far right and left
, 39–47
extra-parliamentary left and revolutionary groups
, 41–45
far-right in Greece
, 45–47
student and labour movement in Greece
, 39–41
Identity, community and networks
, 1
Identity-oriented paradigm
, 12–13
‘Ill-planned’ deregulation
, 50–51
Imperialism
, 44–45
Income rating and employment sector
, 56
Indignados movement
, 99
in Spain
, 99
Individuals and civic organisations
, 24
Indymedia
, 4, 69–70, 77–78
in December Riots (2008)
, 85–88, 179–180
political and movement-oriented discussion
, 181
politicised people and activists
, 183–184
Inequalities
, 1, 81–82
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
, 22
Information and culture, privatisation
, 9
Information media society
, 19
Intellectual class struggle
, 31
International anti-globalisation
, 182
International global justice
, 120
International Momentary Fund (IMF)
, 37–38
Internet
culture
, 1
dystopia and technophobia
, 120
as a medium
, 11
as ‘network of networks’
, 25
optismism
, 1
as resource for mobilisation
, 21–22
Internet-centrism
, 28
#17junegr
, 137
#17junegr Semantic Network
, 142
Kaltezas case
, 86–87
Karamanlis, Konstantinos
, 34
Kleptocracy
, 117–118
LAOS (Popular Orthodox Rally)
, 37
‘Lazy-Greeks’ narration
, 131
LinkedIn
, 57–58, 59
Macedonian issue
, 46–47
Mainstream politics and political parties
, 33–39
Marfin Bank
, 98–99
‘Mechanics of collective action’
, 19–20
Media dynamics
, 85
Media sector, privatisation
, 49–50
Mega Channel, online and mainstream media
, 83–84
MEND in Nigeria (2016)
, 10
#menoumeevropi
, 152
Bailout Expiration Semantic Network
, 159
and #oxi
, 150–166
Menoume Evropi campaign
, 135
#Menoumeevropi Post-Referendum Semantic Network
, 165
#Menoumeevropi Referendum Eve Semantic Network
, 162
#Menoumeevropi Social Network
, 153
#menoumeevropi vs #oxi
, 134–175
#austerity vs #antiausterity
, 142–145
campaigns discourse evolution
, 150–166
#greferendum
, 167–175
hashtags #syntagma and #17junegr
, 137–142
#menoumeevropi and #oxi
, 150–166
#nai vs #oxi campaign
, 145–150
#syntagma and #17junegr
, 137–142
Metapolitefsi (fall of the Junta)
, 33–39
‘Minimum collective identity’
, 100
Mobilisations
, 97–98
Money laundering
, 162–163
Multidimensional ‘crisis’
, 2–3
Multi-party democracy
, 33–34
#Nai, Semantic Network
, 150
#nai vs #oxi campaign
, 145–150
#nai vs #oxi Social Networks
, 147
National anti-corruption narrative
, 184
National Broadcasting Council (NBC)
, 49
National Council for Radio and Television (NCRT)
, 52
National Guard
, 45–46
National identity
, 28–29
National Intelligence Service (EYP)
, 106–107
Nationalistic-oriented ideology
, 120
National Liberation Front (EAM)
, 45
National Political Union
, 45–46
National Statistical Service of Greece (EL.STAT.)
, 53, 55–56
National Student Novelty
, 46
NCapture
, 77–78, 85
and Chrome
, 84
Neo-fascist groups
, 40–41, 46
Neoliberal capitalist system
, 90–91
Neoliberal ideologies and policies
, 81
Neoliberalism
, 29–30, 44–45, 80, 147–148
and financialisation
, 35
Neoliberal state and society
, 29–30
Netvizz
, 74, 77, 108–109, 110
Networked Power
, 72–73
Networked social movements
, 23
‘Networking and organising tool’
, 99
Network-making Power
, 72–73
Network of Trade Unionists
, 105
Network Power
, 72–73
New and online media, development
, 53–62
New Democracy (ND)
, 34
‘New middle class’ argument
, 19
New social movement (NSM)
, 11, 17–20
‘New World Order to Terrorism International’
, 44–45
NodeXL
, 74, 76–77, 133
Non-hierarchical protest networks
, 30–31
NVivo
, 77–78, 85
Observatory for Digital Greece (ODG)
, 53
Online discourse
, 4, 97–98, 109–110
Online media environment
, 83–84, 85, 189
Online mediated conflict
, 5–6, 9–10
Online mobilisation and radicalisation
, 27, 29–30
Online poster and online community
, 62
Online relationships and coalitions
, 97–98
Online social networks
, 25
‘Order of dissent’
, 12
Ousting of dictatorial and corrupt regimes
, 12
OWS (Occupy Wall Street) in the US
, 2
#Oxi Bailout Expiration Semantic Network
, 160
‘Oxi’ campaign
, 135
#Oxi Post-Referendum Semantic Network
, 166
#Oxi Referendum Eve Semantic Network
, 163
#Oxi Semantic Network
, 151
#Oxi Social Network
, 154
#oxi vs #menoumeevropi
, 131–132
Paisios case
, 119–120
PAK (Pan-Hellenic Liberation Movements)
, 42–43
Panathinaikon Nazi-Organisation
, 46–47
Pan-Hellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK)
, 34, 42–43
leadership
, 35–36
right wing and anti-right-wing forces
, 35–36
socialist government of
, 49
‘The money exists’
, 35–36
‘third road to socialism’
, 35–36
Parakratos (para-state)
, 45–46
Parisian May of ’68
, 80
Paris Riots (2005)
, 80
Parnitha wildfires protests
, 79–80
PASOK. See Pan-Hellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK)
‘PASOK’s Monopoly Ends’
, 35
Peer-to-peer services
, 56
Personalised politics
, 23–24, 190–191
Political consciousness
, 26
Political consumerism
, 24
Political opportunity structure
, 11
Political-oriented terrorist movement
, 41–42
Political parties, communication and voting
, 3–4
Political persecution
, 41
Political pluralism
, 40
Political polarisation
, 187–188
Political pragmatism
, 35
Political utopianism
, 43
Political violence
, 42
Political weapons
, 53
Politicisation of terrorism
, 43
‘Politics of extreme’
, 182–183
Politics of fear
, 131–132
Post-Fordism
, 30
Post-Fordist society
, 29–30
Post-industrial capitalism
, 12–13, 17
Poverty
, 3–4
Power types
, 72–73
Pre-dictatorship period
, 33–34
Pre-dominant-modes of access on resources
, 20
Pre-social media
era
, 30–31
events
, 5–6
Press Project
, 154
Privacy and surveillance
, 1
Pro-/anti-austerity
, 140
campaign
, 185
debate
, 177
discourse online
, 185
Prokopakis, G.
, 135
Pro-SYRIZA mobilisations
, 142
Protests and conflict
, 14–15
Public Broadcast Corporation (ERT)
, 51, 52
Public spaces
, 14–15
Radical communist utopianism
, 41–42
Radicalisation
, 27
and violence
, 3
Radical-Marxist party
, 34
Radical political activism
, 90
Radio broadcasting
, 48
RageTMGr channel
, 84
Real-time communication
, 132–133
Red Terror
, 45–46
Referendum announcement network
, 167
Resistance and solidarity networks
, 3–4
Resource distribution and social struggles
, 31
Resource Mobilisation Theory (RMT)
, 11, 12–13, 20–22
features
, 20–21
Restoration of stability
, 20–21
Revolutionary Struggle (RS)
, 44
Schlarmann, Josef
, 162
Seattle protests
, 181
Security services impact on terrorism
, 43
Semantic analysis (Twitter)
, 75–76, 175
Semantic networks
, 144–145
Semi and crypto-hierarchies
, 188
Semi-mainstream politics
, 182–183
17 November (Revolutionary Organisation 17 November/17N)
, 42–43
Shared beliefs and solidarity
, 14–15
Short Messages Service (SMS)
, 60
‘Silence or we will awaken the Greeks!’
, 99–100
Skype
, 56
SMT. See Social movement theories (SMT)
‘Snowball effect’
, 61–62
Social change goals
, 20
Social conflict
, 12–13
Social constructivistic approaches
, 22
Social economy and extraparliamentary politics
, 118
Social exclusion
, 3–4
Social integration
, 19
Socialisation
, 19, 23–24
Social media platforms
, 57–59
Social movements
, 13–14, 15, 39–47
and collective actions
, 186–187
as collective enterprises
, 14–15
decode structural procedures of
, 20
extra-parliamentary left and revolutionary groups
, 41–45
far-right in Greece
, 45–47
organization of
, 15, 16
student and labour movement in Greece
, 39–41
Social movement theories (SMT)
, 5–6, 12–27
collective vs connective actions
, 23–27
new social movement (NSM)
, 17–20
resource mobilisation theory (RMT)
, 20–22
Social Network Analysis (SNA)
, 4, 64, 72–74
approach
, 108
Facebook and Twitter
, 72–74
Social networks
, 26, 175
online networks
, 26–27
‘structural-connection function’
, 26–27
Social technology
, 23
Sociopolitical cyberconflict
, 11, 180
Solidarity Water Europe
, 125–126
Spanish Indignados (M15)
, 100
Spanish media
, 147
State violence
, 86–87
Strategy Curriculum on the Referendum,
, 164–165
Student and labour movement in Greece
, 39–41
Student mobilisations
, 81
Subject-object dialectic
, 31
‘Super-power bad’
, 120
Surveillance
, 3–4
SYNASPISMOS
, 34, 37, 104–105
#syntagma and #17junegr
, 131–132, 133–134, 137–142
#Syntagma Semantic Network
, 141
Syntagma Square in Athens
, 99–100, 101
SYRIZA
, 38, 63, 135, 141, 166, 175, 187
SYRIZA network
, 182–183
pre-elections campaign of 2012
, 183
SYRIZA online diaspora
, 6–7
anti-capitalist and anti-war movements
, 128
anti-fascist movement linkages
, 128
civil society actors
, 128
data
, 69–70
environmental mobilisations
, 128
EU crisis, evolution
, 128
graphs statistics
, 110–113
grassroots mobilisation
, 128
page-like network
, 123–129
Group 1
, 125–126
Group 2
, 125
Group 3
, 124–125
Group 4
, 126
Group 10
, 124
Group 20
, 124
network and sub-networks, structure
, 127
pre-election campaigns
, 126
Solidarity Water Europe
, 125–126
upper part
, 127–128
sociopolitical and historical characteristics
, 104–108
solidarity initiatives
, 128
Tahir Square movement
, 100
Tax evasion
, 162–163
‘Technical mission to Athens’
, 98
Temporary public spaces
, 14
Thematic analysis (Indymedia and YouTube)
, 70–71
Thematic and semantic analysis
, 64
Thematising meanings, identification
, 70–71
Traditional media
, 47–53
Transparency movements
, 120
Triple crisis of western capitalism
, 31
Troika
, 37–38, 98–99, 134
Truth Team campaign
, 106–107, 135
Tweets
, 133
Twitter
, 77, 175
real-time data collection
, 69–70
Unemployment
, 3–4, 41
United Nationalist Movement
, 46
United Nations Human Rights
, 154–155
‘Vocabulary of economics’
, 20, 21
Vodafone Case
, 37
Voulpiotis, I.
, 48
White Terror
, 45–46
Wireless communication
, 23
World Social Forum
, 102
World Wide Web (WWW)
, 57
YouTube
, 4, 57–59, 69–70, 77–78
and December Riots (2008)
, 88–93, 179–180
politicised people and activists
, 183–184
#yovoycongrecia
, 170
ZeroHedge
, 155–156
‘Zero level’ protests
, 30
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Digital Media in Greece: A Cyberconflict Approach
- Chapter 2 Theoretical Approaches on Cyberconflict and Digital Media
- Chapter 3 The Historical and Sociopolitical Background of Greece
- Chapter 4 Digital Research Methods, Techniques and Sampling
- Chapter 5 The First Period: December Riots – Indymedia and YouTube
- Chapter 6 The Second Period: The Anti-austerity Movement – Facebook and Networks
- Chapter 7 The Third Period: The GReferendum – Twitter, Networks and Discourse
- Chapter 8 Discussion and Concluding Remarks
- Bibliography
- Index